Element 4 — Beryllium (Z = 4) Isotopes

Format: Isotope written with mass number as a left superscript (e.g., ¹⁰Be). Columns: Isotope | Z | A | Stable? | Half‑life | Decay mode(s) | Daughter | Radiation | Origin | Uses | Notes.

IsotopeZAStable?Half‑lifeDecay mode(s)DaughterRadiationOriginUsesNotes
⁶Be46Unstable (unbound)≈ 5.0 zs2p emission⁴Heprotons (2p)Synthetic (accelerators)Research (2p decay; few‑body dynamics)Ground‑state unbound resonance. (Wikipedia)
⁷Be47Unstable53.22 dEC (K‑capture)⁷LiX‑rays/Auger; γ 477.6 keV (branch)Natural trace (cosmogenic) & SyntheticEnvironmental tracer (atmospheric/sediment); solar‑neutrino chain studiesEC half‑life slightly environment‑dependent (<~1%). (TUNL Nuclear Data Project, ChemLin)
⁸Be48Unstable (unbound)≈ 81.9 asα → 2×⁴He⁴He + ⁴HeαSynthetic (lab); astrophysical intermediateTriple‑α bottleneck in stellar nucleosynthesis (research)G.s. unbound by ≈92 keV; very short‑lived resonance. (Wikipedia)
⁹Be49StablestableNaturalNeutron reflector/moderator; X‑ray windows; detector/beamline hardwareMonoisotopic element (only stable isotope). (INIS, INL Digital Library, Materion, CIAAW)
¹⁰Be410Unstable1.387 Myrβ⁻¹⁰Bβ⁻Natural trace (cosmogenic) & SyntheticCosmogenic nuclide: surface‑exposure dating; ice‑core/erosion studiesLong‑lived for light Be; key geoscience tracer. (Wikipedia)
¹¹Be411Unstable13.76 sβ⁻ (≈96.7%); minor β⁻α, β⁻p¹¹B; ⁷Li+α; ¹⁰Be+pβ⁻; delayed α/pSyntheticHalo‑nucleus benchmark; β‑delayed particle studiesCanonical 1‑n halo; precise t½ compilations. (Wikipedia, TUNL Nuclear Data Project, OSTI)
¹²Be412Unstable21.46 msβ⁻ (≈99.5%); β⁻n (≈0.5%)¹²B; ¹¹B + nβ⁻; delayed nSyntheticStructure/halo‑evolution studiesRecommended t½ = 21.46 ± 0.05 ms. (TUNL Nuclear Data Project)
¹³Be413Unstable (unbound)≈ 1.0 zsn emission¹²BeneutronsSynthetic (accelerators)Research (n‑unbound near dripline)Width‑derived lifetime; very short‑lived. (Wikipedia)
¹⁴Be414Unstable4.53 msβ⁻n (≈86%); β⁻ (> ~9%); β⁻2n (≈5%)¹³B; ¹⁴B; ¹²Bβ⁻; delayed nSyntheticMulti‑n emission studies; halo‑nucleus systemBranching per evaluated data. (KAERI Atom, Short Lab)
¹⁵Be415Unstable (unbound)≈ 790 ysn emission¹⁴BeneutronsSynthetic (accelerators)Research (near‑threshold n emission)Extremely short‑lived resonance. (Wikipedia)
¹⁶Be416Unstable (unbound)≈ 650 ys2n emission (dineutron)¹⁴Beneutrons (2n)Synthetic (accelerators)First g.s. dineutron decay case; three‑body correlationsLandmark dineutron emission observation (2012). (Wikipedia, Physical Review Links)

Totals — Beryllium

  • Stable1  (⁹Be)
  • Unstable10  (⁶–⁸Be, ¹⁰–¹⁶Be)
  • Total isotopes11

Running cumulative totals (up to Z = 4)

  • Cumulative total isotopes36  (H: 7 • He: 8 • Li: 10 • Be: 11)
  • Cumulative stable7  (H: 2 • He: 2 • Li: 2 • Be: 1)
  • Cumulative unstable29

Sources

  • Authoritative datasets: IAEA LiveChart of Nuclides (ENSDF backbone) and NNDC NuDat 3 (for wallet cards/decay & branches). (IAEA, National Nuclear Data Center)
  • Isotope‑by‑isotope values for Be (half‑lives, modes, branches): “Isotopes of beryllium” table (6–16Be), including 6Be (5 zs), 8Be (81.9 as), 13Be (~1 zs), 15Be (790 ys), 16Be (650 ys) and detailed branches for 11–14Be. (Wikipedia)
  • 7Be half‑life and EC decay: TUNL evaluated data; γ‑ray (477.6 keV) from ⁷Li*. (TUNL Nuclear Data Project)
  • 10Be long half‑life & geoscience uses: summary with cosmogenic production and applications. (Wikipedia)
  • 11Be and 12Be recommended half‑lives: TUNL ground‑state decay pages. (TUNL Nuclear Data Project)
  • 14Be half‑life and β‑delayed‑n branches: KAERI database sheets. (KAERI Atom, Short Lab)
  • 16Be ground‑state 2n (dineutron) emission: Phys. Rev. Lett. (2012) and follow‑up analyses. (Physical Review Links, OSTI)
  • 9Be uses (moderator/reflector; X‑ray windows): nuclear‑applications review (INL/OSTI) and technical product documentation. (INIS, INL Digital Library, Materion)
  • Monoisotopic status of Be (only ⁹Be stable): CIAAW atomic‑weight note. (CIAAW)

Next: Boron (Z = 5)


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