📡 WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)

Wi-Fi 6/6E/7 That’s Fast, Secure, and Proven

A WLAN carries real work: laptops and tablets, scanners and AR headsets, phones, IoT/OT devices, and guest traffic.
SolveForce builds Wireless LAN as a system: RF design + switching + identity-first access (802.1X NAC) + Zero-Trust edges + QoS for voice/video—wired to evidence pipelines so every AP, SSID, policy, and change is measurable and auditable.

Related rails & guardrails
• Campus fabric → /lan • Metro/WAN → /man • Overlays → /sd-wan
• Identity/Access → /nac/ztna/sase • Boundary → /waf
• Mobility/Edge → /private-5g/cbrs • Evidence/Ops → /siem-soar


🎯 Outcomes We Optimize

  • Deterministic experience — predictable join, fast roams, stable throughput, low jitter for UC and real-time apps.
  • Identity-first securityWPA3-Enterprise (802.1X EAP-TLS), dynamic segmentation (VLAN/SGT), per-role policy.
  • Operability at scale — clean SSID strategy, template-driven configs, automation hooks, and RF telemetry you can trust.
  • Evidence on demand — surveys, config diffs, NAC decisions, join/roam timers, MOS/Jitter/Loss streamed to /siem-soar.

🧭 Reference Architecture (WLAN with Zero-Trust)

Access Layer (APs + Edge Switching)

  • Multigig PoE switches (2.5/5G) feeding Wi-Fi 6/6E/7 APs; 10/25G uplinks; MACsec optional on uplinks.
  • WPA3-Enterprise (EAP-TLS) for corp; WPA3-SAE or OWE for guest; IoT onboarding via PPSK/DPSK or EAP-TLS + device profiling.
    /nac

Identity & Segmentation

  • 802.1X with certificate auth (EAP-TLS); dynamic VLAN or SGT tags from NAC; guest isolation; IoT micro-segments.
  • ZTNA for application access; SASE policy for web/SaaS.
    /ztna/sase

RF & Channel Plan

  • Dual-5 GHz + 6 GHz designs; DFS planning; 20/40/80-MHz channelization per density.
  • Minimum data rates enabled; band-steering & client load balancing where sane.

Northbound Integration

  • DHCP/DNS/IPAM hygiene; SD-WAN breakout/backhaul policy; NTP for timestamp integrity.
    /lan/sd-wan

Observability & Evidence

  • Syslog/NetFlow/Telemetry → SIEM; acceptance artifacts (surveys, join & roam timers, MOS) archived for QBRs/audits.
    /siem-soar

🧰 Service Catalog (what we deliver & run)

1) RF Surveys & Design — predictive and on-site (active/passive) heatmaps, capacity modeling, roaming targets, AP placement, antenna selection.
2) AP & Edge Switching — PoE budgets, multigig uplinks, MLAG/stacking, optics plan, storm/BPDU guard, DHCP snooping/DAI/IPSG.
3) SSID & Policy Strategy — corp (EAP-TLS), guest (captive/OWE), IoT (PPSK/DPSK/EAP-TLS), limit to 2–4 SSIDs per band.
4) Identity & NAC — certificates (PKI), profiling, dynamic VLAN/SGT, posture checks, guest/Sponsor workflows.
5) QoS & Real-Time — WMM access categories, DSCP trust/preservation, voice SSID, 802.11e mapping to EF/AF classes end-to-end.
6) Security Controls — WPA3, PMF, management frame protection, rogue/WIPS policy, east-west microseg.
7) Automation & Templates — intents in Git, lint/tests for SSIDs/RADIUS/profiles; drift detection; API for inventories.
8) Observability & Evidence — join/roam timers, retry/airtime stats, MOS/Jitter/Loss, NAC decision logs, config diffs → SIEM/SOAR.
9) Operations — firmware lifecycle rings, spares/UPS plan, vendor escalation via /noc.


📦 Quick Reference Tables

1) Bands & Channelization

BandProsTypical Channel WidthBest Use
2.4 GHzRange, legacy clients20 MHzIoT low-bandwidth only
5 GHzCapacity, many channels20/40/80 MHzDefault corp/voice/video
6 GHz (Wi-Fi 6E/7)Clean spectrum, wide channels, LPI/VLP80/160 MHz*High-density, AR/VR, low-latency apps

* Use 80 MHz for density; 160 MHz where clients and interference permit.

2) Security Modes & Use

ModeUse CaseNotes
WPA3-Enterprise (EAP-TLS)Corp devicesCert-based; strongest; maps to roles/SGTs
PPSK/DPSK (per-device keys)IoT/guest devicesUnique keys; easy revocation; good for IoT
WPA3-SAEGuest/simple corp BYODPassword-based; better than WPA2-PSK
OWEOpen GuestEncryption without auth; captive portal optional

3) PoE & AP Classes (typical)

AP ClassPoE RequirementNotes
Dual-radio Wi-Fi 6802.3at (30 W)Common office AP
Tri-radio Wi-Fi 6E802.3bt Type 3 (≈60 W)2.5/5G multigig uplink
High-density Wi-Fi 7802.3bt Type 3/4 (60–90 W)Stadiums, arenas, lecture halls

Plan 20–30% PoE headroom per stack and ensure multigig (2.5/5/10G) uplinks.

4) Roaming Enhancements

FeaturePurpose
802.11kNeighbor reports (faster scanning)
802.11vNetwork-assisted roaming/steering
802.11rFast BSS transition (FT); test client compatibility

🔐 Security by Default (that actually sticks)

  • EAP-TLS everywhere for corp; cert lifecycle via PKI; posture via NAC (managed vs unmanaged vs IoT).
  • Dynamic segmentation — role/SGT and VLAN mapping at join; IoT/OT isolated with explicit allow-lists.
  • Integrity — PMF/802.11w on, frame protection, rogue containment by policy, MACsec on uplinks.
  • Zero-Trust tiesZTNA for private apps, SASE for web/SaaS, WAF for portals; DLP on uploads where needed.
    /nac/ztna/sase/waf

🎛️ QoS & Application Mapping

App ClassWLAN/WMMDSCPDesign Notes
Voice (UC/VoWiFi)AC_VOEF (46)Target -67 dBm @ 20–25 dB SNR; 20 MHz channels; roam ≤ 150 ms
Video ConferencingAC_VIAF41/42Consider packet dup/FEC via SD-WAN upstream
Control/OTAC_VI/BEAF31/CS3Pin to specific SSIDs/VLANs; microseg allow-lists
Best-EffortAC_BEBE/CS0Rate-limit bulk traffic; disable low basic rates
Background/BulkAC_BKCS1Schedule backup windows; prefer wired if possible

📐 SLO Guardrails (targets you can tune)

DomainKPI / SLO (p95 unless noted)Target
Join (corp)Assoc + 802.1X + DHCP≤ 2–4 s
RoamSame-SSID handoff≤ 50–150 ms
Coverage/SNRMin SNR at cell edge≥ 20–25 dB (-67 dBm RSSI)
Voice qualityMOS (wideband)≥ 4.1
Jitter / LossOne-way / sustained≤ 20–30 ms / < 0.3–0.5%
AirtimeBusy time (avg/peak)< 40% / < 70% per cell
NAC802.1X success (managed fleet)≥ 98–100%
SecurityPMF + WPA3 coverage= 100% corp SSIDs
EvidenceLogs/artifacts → SIEM≤ 60–120 s

Breaches open a case and trigger SOAR (tune power/channels, adjust min rates, isolate AP/port, rotate certs/keys, policy rollback), with artifacts. → /siem-soar


🧪 Acceptance Tests & Artifacts (we keep the receipts)

  • RF — predictive & on-site surveys (heatmaps, SNR, retries); AP placement photos; channel/power plans.
  • Join & Roam — timer captures for assoc/EAP/DHCP; 802.11k/v/r behavior; roam timing walking paths.
  • Voice Under Load — MOS/Jitter/Loss with 20 MHz channels; roaming calls across cells.
  • Policy — NAC decision logs (role→VLAN/SGT), PMF/WPA3 enforcement, guest isolation, IoT PPSK mapping.
  • QoS — WMM and DSCP preservation checks; upstream SD-WAN packet-dup/FEC tests.
  • Security — DHCP snooping/DAI/IPSG; rogue detection policies; MACsec enablement on uplinks.
  • Ops — firmware baselines, golden templates, drift reports, change diffs, AP inventory audit.
    Artifacts archive to /siem-soar and package into QBR/audit bundles.

🧱 Design Notes & Best Practices

  • Keep SSIDs lean (2–4 per band); too many SSIDs waste airtime.
  • Disable low basic rates to reduce sticky clients; prefer 12/18/24 Mbps on 5 GHz; 6 GHz has no legacy rates.
  • Design for capacity, not just coverage — size to users/apps/airtime, not only square footage.
  • Validate client mix — test with real clients (barcode guns, phones, laptops, headsets).
  • Use multigig to APs and plan PoE headroom for Wi-Fi 6E/7.
  • RTLS needs geometry — extra APs along hallways/perimeter; consistent height; calibrated maps.
  • DFS awareness — avoid DFS channels for voice in radar-heavy areas or ensure fallback plan.
  • Consider Private 5G/CBRS for deterministic mobility (AGVs/AMRs) and keep Wi-Fi for user access. → /private-5g/cbrs

📝 WLAN Intake (copy-paste & fill)

  • Sites/floors (drawings if available), ceiling heights, materials (RF).
  • Users/devices (corp, guest, IoT/OT counts), applications (voice/video/AR/VDI).
  • Security (IdP/SSO/MFA, cert PKI, NAC scope, WPA3/PMF, guest policy, IoT onboarding).
  • APs & switching (quantity, multigig/PoE, uplinks, MACsec).
  • RF (DFS environment, interference, 6 GHz readiness), target SSIDs & channel widths.
  • QoS (voice, video, control classes), SD-WAN interaction.
  • IP services (DNS/DHCP/IPAM), IPv6 posture.
  • Compliance (PCI/HIPAA/NIST/IEC), evidence retention.
  • Operations (managed vs co-managed, change windows, SIEM destination).
  • Timeline & budget, SLO goals (join/roam/MOS).

We’ll return a design-to-quote with AP placement, PoE/multigig, NAC/PKI, SSID/policy sets, SLO-mapped pricing, and an evidence plan you can reuse in audits and QBRs.
Or jump to /customized-quotes.


📞 Build a WLAN That’s Fast, Secure, and Auditable

From offices and clinics to warehouses, campuses, and venues, we’ll deliver Wi-Fi 6/6E/7 that performs, protects, and proves it.