A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a type of computer network that uses wireless communication technology to connect devices within a limited geographic area. WLANs are commonly associated with Wi-Fi networks, which enable wireless connectivity for devices such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and other devices.
Here are key characteristics and aspects of WLANs:
- Wireless Connectivity: WLANs use radio waves to transmit data between devices without the need for physical cables. Devices connect to the network via wireless access points (APs) or routers.
- Wi-Fi Technology: Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is the most prevalent technology used in WLANs. It operates on various frequency bands, including 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, providing different trade-offs between coverage range and data transfer speeds.
- Access Points: WLANs typically include access points (APs) that serve as central hubs for wireless connections. These access points are connected to a wired network infrastructure and facilitate wireless communication with connected devices.
- Range: The range of a WLAN can vary depending on factors like the frequency band used, physical obstacles, and interference. In general, Wi-Fi networks can cover areas ranging from a single room to a larger area like a home, office, or public hotspot.
- Security: WLANs require security measures to protect data and prevent unauthorized access. Common security protocols for Wi-Fi networks include WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) and WPA3, which use encryption and authentication to secure connections.
- Authentication: To access a WLAN, users often need to provide a password or authentication credentials. This ensures that only authorized users can connect to the network.
- SSID: WLANs are identified by their Service Set Identifier (SSID), which is a unique name assigned to the network. Users select the desired SSID when connecting their devices.
- Router Functionality: Many home WLANs use Wi-Fi routers that combine routing and wireless access point functions. These devices also manage IP addresses, DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), and NAT (Network Address Translation) for connected devices.
- Enterprise WLANs: In business environments, WLANs are often more complex and may include multiple access points, central controllers, and additional security features. These networks provide connectivity for employees and guests.
- Public Hotspots: Public places like cafes, airports, and hotels often offer public WLANs or Wi-Fi hotspots for visitors to connect to the internet. These hotspots may require a password or offer limited free access.
- Mobile Devices: Smartphones and tablets have integrated Wi-Fi capabilities, allowing users to connect to WLANs for internet access and data transfer.
- Internet Connectivity: WLANs can provide internet access by connecting to a wired broadband network, such as DSL or cable. This enables devices connected to the WLAN to access online resources.
WLANs have become integral to modern communication, allowing users to connect their devices seamlessly to the internet and local networks. They are widely used in homes, businesses, educational institutions, and public spaces to provide flexible and convenient connectivity.