A weatherhead, also known as a weathercap or service head, is a crucial component in the electrical service entrance of a building. It serves as a weatherproof fitting mounted on the exterior of a building, typically near the roofline. The primary purpose of a weatherhead is to protect the service entrance conductors (wires) and the point of connection from environmental factors, such as rain, snow, wind, and sunlight.
Key features and functions of a weatherhead include:
- Weather Protection: Weatherheads are designed to shield the service entrance conductors and connections from moisture and other weather-related elements. This protection prevents water from infiltrating the electrical system, which could lead to electrical hazards or damage.
- Service Entrance Conduit Entry: Service entrance conductors, whether part of a service drop or lateral, typically pass through a conduit or pipe before entering the building. The weatherhead provides a secure entry point for the conduit while maintaining a weather-tight seal.
- Support for Service Conductors: The weatherhead often includes a bracket or support system that holds the service entrance conductors in place as they transition from the overhead service drop to the building’s interior. This helps ensure that the conductors do not sag or come into contact with the building’s structure.
- Attachment Point for Service Drop: In the case of overhead electrical service, the service drop (the electrical wires from the utility pole or overhead lines) terminates at the weatherhead. The weatherhead provides a secure attachment point for the service drop wires.
- Rain Shield: Weatherheads typically have a curved shape that acts as a shield against rainwater, preventing it from flowing down into the conduit or onto the service entrance conductors.
- Service Identification: Often, the utility’s service identification tag or label is affixed to the weatherhead. This label provides important information about the electrical service, including the utility company’s contact details and the service address.
Proper installation and maintenance of a weatherhead are crucial to ensure the integrity of the electrical service entrance. Failing to maintain a weather-tight seal can result in water damage, corrosion, and electrical safety hazards. Therefore, it’s essential for homeowners and building owners to periodically inspect weatherheads and address any issues promptly to maintain a safe and reliable electrical system.