Each row shows the actual glyph, the LaTeX you type, the HTML/Unicode code, and a plain-text fallback.
Legend:
• Symbol = the glyph as it appears.
• LaTeX = code inside$...$(inline) or$$...$$(display).
• HTML/Unicode = entity or code point.
• ASCII = keyboard-safe approximation.
1) Arithmetic
| Operator | Symbol | LaTeX | HTML / Unicode | ASCII Fallback | Example (LaTeX) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Addition | + | + | + / U+002B | + | $4+5=9$ |
| Subtraction (minus) | − | - | − / U+2212 | - | $9-5=4$ |
| Multiplication (times) | × | \times | × / U+00D7 | * | $3\times 5=15$ |
| Multiplication (dot) | · | \cdot | · / U+00B7 | * or space | $a\cdot b$ |
| Division (obelus) | ÷ | \div | ÷ / U+00F7 | / | $12\div 3=4$ |
| Division (fraction) | ⅓ style | \frac{a}{b} | — | a/b | $\frac{12}{3}=4$ |
| Exponent / power | bⁿ | b^n | — | b^n | $2^3=8$ |
| Square root | √ | \sqrt{x} | √ / U+221A | sqrt(x) | $\sqrt{9}=3$ |
| n-th root | ³√ | \sqrt[n]{x} | — | root(n,x) | $\sqrt[3]{8}=2$ |
| Factorial | ! | ! | ! / U+0021 | ! | $5!=120$ |
| Percentage | % | \% | % / U+0025 | % | $50\%= \frac{50}{100}$ |
| Modulo | mod | \bmod | — | % | $7\bmod 3=1$ |
2) Equality & Inequality
| Operator | Symbol | LaTeX | HTML / Unicode | ASCII Fallback | Example (LaTeX) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equal | = | = | = / U+003D | = | $2+2=4$ |
| Not equal | ≠ | \neq | ≠ / U+2260 | != | $\pi \neq 3$ |
| Less than | < | < | < / U+003C | < | $a<b$ |
| Greater than | > | > | > / U+003E | > | $a>b$ |
| Less-or-equal | ≤ | \leq | ≤ / U+2264 | <= | $x\leq 10$ |
| Greater-or-equal | ≥ | \geq | ≥ / U+2265 | >= | $y\geq 0$ |
3) Unary, Absolute, Rounding
| Operator | Symbol | LaTeX | HTML / Unicode | ASCII Fallback | Example (LaTeX) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unary plus | +x | +x | — | +x | $+7=7$ |
| Unary minus | −x | -x | − / U+2212 | -x | $-(-3)=3$ |
| Absolute value | x | |x| | U+007C … U+007C | ||
| Floor | ⌊x⌋ | \lfloor x\rfloor | U+230A/U+230B | floor(x) | $\lfloor 2.9\rfloor=2$ |
| Ceiling | ⌈x⌉ | \lceil x\rceil | U+2308/U+2309 | ceil(x) | $\lceil 2.1\rceil=3$ |
| Signum | sgn | \operatorname{sgn}(x) | — | sign(x) | $\operatorname{sgn}(-2)=-1$ |
4) Summation, Product, Calculus
| Operator | Symbol | LaTeX | HTML / Unicode | ASCII Fallback | Example (LaTeX) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Summation | ∑ | \sum | ∑ / U+2211 | sum() | $\sum_{i=1}^n i$ |
| Product | ∏ | \prod | ∏ / U+220F | prod() | $\prod_{k=1}^n k = n!$ |
| Derivative | d/dx | \frac{d}{dx} | — | d/dx | $\frac{d}{dx}x^2=2x$ |
| Integral | ∫ | \int | ∫ / U+222B | int | $\int_0^1 x\,dx=\tfrac12$ |
| Limit | lim | \lim | — | lim | $\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\sin x}{x}=1$ |
| Difference | Δ | \Delta | Δ / U+0394 | Delta | $\Delta y=y_{n+1}-y_n$ |
| Nabla | ∇ | \nabla | ∇ / U+2207 | grad | $\nabla f$, $\nabla\cdot \vec F$, $\nabla\times \vec F$ |
5) Linear Algebra & Vectors
| Operator | Symbol | LaTeX | HTML / Unicode | ASCII Fallback | Example (LaTeX) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dot product | · | \cdot | · / U+00B7 | dot or * | $\vec a\cdot \vec b$ |
| Cross product | × | \times | × / U+00D7 | x | $\vec a\times \vec b$ |
| Transpose | T | A^{\mathsf T} or A^T | — | A^T | $A^{\mathsf T}$ |
| Determinant | det | \det(A) | — | det(A) | $\det\begin{bmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{bmatrix}=ad-bc$ |
| Matrix multiply | AB | AB | — | A*B | $AB$ |
6) Logic
| Operator | Symbol | LaTeX | HTML / Unicode | ASCII Fallback | Example (LaTeX) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOT | ¬ | \lnot / \neg | ¬ / U+00AC | ! | $\lnot P$ |
| AND | ∧ | \land | ∧ / U+2227 | && | $P\land Q$ |
| OR | ∨ | \lor | ∨ / U+2228 | || | $P\lor Q$ |
| Implication | → | \to | → / U+2192 | -> | $P\to Q$ |
| Equivalence | ↔ | \leftrightarrow | ↔ / U+2194 | <-> | $P\leftrightarrow Q$ |
7) Sets
| Operator | Symbol | LaTeX | HTML / Unicode | ASCII Fallback | Example (LaTeX) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Element of | ∈ | \in | ∈ / U+2208 | in | $2\in\mathbb N$ |
| Not element of | ∉ | \notin | ∉ / U+2209 | not in | $-1\notin\mathbb N$ |
| Subset | ⊆ | \subseteq | ⊆ / U+2286 | <= (set) | $A\subseteq B$ |
| Superset | ⊇ | \supseteq | ⊇ / U+2287 | >= (set) | $B\supseteq A$ |
| Proper subset | ⊂ | \subset | ⊂ / U+2282 | ⊊ approx | $A\subset B$ |
| Union | ∪ | \cup | ∪ / U+222A | U | $A\cup B$ |
| Intersection | ∩ | \cap | ∩ / U+2229 | n | $A\cap B$ |
| Set difference | ∖ | \setminus | U+2216 | \ | $A\setminus B$ |
| Complement | Aᶜ | A^{c} | — | A^c | $A^{c}=U\setminus A$ |
8) Functions & Specials
| Operator | Symbol | LaTeX | HTML / Unicode | ASCII Fallback | Example (LaTeX) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reciprocal | 1/x | \frac{1}{x} | — | 1/x | $\frac{1}{4}=0.25$ |
| Mean (average) | μ | \mu / \bar{x} | μ / U+03BC | mu | $\mu=\frac1n\sum x_i$ |
| Median | med | \operatorname{median}(x) | — | median(x) | — |
| Variance | σ² | \sigma^2 / \mathrm{Var} | σ / U+03C3 | Var | $\sigma^2=E[(X-\mu)^2]$ |
| Square / Cube | x² / x³ | x^2, x^3 | — | x^2, x^3 | $3^2=9$, $2^3=8$ |
| Exponential | eˣ | \exp(x) or e^x | — | exp(x) | $\exp(0)=1$ |
| Logarithm | log, ln | \log x, \ln x, \log_{10} x, \log_2 x | — | log(x) | $ \ln(e)=1$ |
| Clamp / Clip | min/max | \min(\max(x,a),b) | — | min(max(x,a),b) | — |
Notes & Best Practices
- Minus vs hyphenPrefer U+2212 (−) for true minus in typography; ASCII hyphen
-is acceptable in code. - ASCII fallbacksUse when LaTeX is unavailable. Be consistent within your document/system.
- Fractions
\tfrac{a}{b}is a compact inline fraction;\frac{a}{b}is standard. - Vector/matrix styleFor transposes and vectors,
\mathsf{T},\vec{v}, or bold\mathbf{v}depending on your style guide. - RenderingEnable MathJax/KaTeX in WordPress to display LaTeX ($…$, $$…$$). Without it, show HTML entities / ASCII.
Key terms in plain language
Open a term for a concise explanation of language used on this page.
Broadband
A general term for always-on, high-speed Internet access. Broadband can be delivered over fiber, cable, DSL, fixed wireless, cellular, or satellite networks.
Cloud Computing
Computing resources—such as applications, servers, storage, or databases—delivered from remote infrastructure and scaled as requirements change.
Cybersecurity
The practices and controls used to protect identities, devices, networks, applications, and data from unauthorized access, disruption, or manipulation.
Identity and Access Management (IAM)
The systems and policies that determine who a user is, what resources they may access, and how that access is authenticated and reviewed.
API
An application programming interface is a defined way for software systems to exchange data or request functions from one another.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Software designed to perform tasks involving prediction, classification, generation, reasoning, or decision support. Business use still requires clear data, governance, security, and human accountability.