Visual Map of Math Operators — Symbol ⇄ LaTeX ⇄ HTML/Unicode ⇄ ASCII

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Each row shows the actual glyph, the LaTeX you type, the HTML/Unicode code, and a plain-text fallback.

Legend:
• Symbol = the glyph as it appears.
• LaTeX = code inside $...$ (inline) or $$...$$ (display).
• HTML/Unicode = entity or code point.
• ASCII = keyboard-safe approximation.

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1) Arithmetic

Operator	Symbol	LaTeX	HTML / Unicode	ASCII Fallback	Example (LaTeX)
Addition	+	+	+ / U+002B	+	$4+5=9$
Subtraction (minus)	−	-	− / U+2212	-	$9-5=4$
Multiplication (times)	×	\times	× / U+00D7	*	$3\times 5=15$
Multiplication (dot)	·	\cdot	· / U+00B7	* or space	$a\cdot b$
Division (obelus)	÷	\div	÷ / U+00F7	/	$12\div 3=4$
Division (fraction)	⅓ style	\frac{a}{b}	—	a/b	$\frac{12}{3}=4$
Exponent / power	bⁿ	b^n	—	b^n	$2^3=8$
Square root	√	\sqrt{x}	√ / U+221A	sqrt(x)	$\sqrt{9}=3$
n-th root	³√	\sqrt[n]{x}	—	root(n,x)	$\sqrt[3]{8}=2$
Factorial	!	!	! / U+0021	!	$5!=120$
Percentage	%	\%	% / U+0025	%	$50\%= \frac{50}{100}$
Modulo	mod	\bmod	—	%	$7\bmod 3=1$

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2) Equality & Inequality

Operator	Symbol	LaTeX	HTML / Unicode	ASCII Fallback	Example (LaTeX)
Equal	=	=	= / U+003D	=	$2+2=4$
Not equal	≠	\neq	≠ / U+2260	!=	$\pi \neq 3$
Less than	<	<	&lt; / U+003C	<	$a<b$
Greater than	>	>	&gt; / U+003E	>	$a>b$
Less-or-equal	≤	\leq	&le; / U+2264	<=	$x\leq 10$
Greater-or-equal	≥	\geq	&ge; / U+2265	>=	$y\geq 0$

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3) Unary, Absolute, Rounding

Operator	Symbol	LaTeX	HTML / Unicode	ASCII Fallback	Example (LaTeX)
Unary plus	+x	+x	—	+x	$+7=7$
Unary minus	−x	-x	− / U+2212	-x	$-(-3)=3$
Absolute value		x		|x|	U+007C … U+007C
Floor	⌊x⌋	\lfloor x\rfloor	U+230A/U+230B	floor(x)	$\lfloor 2.9\rfloor=2$
Ceiling	⌈x⌉	\lceil x\rceil	U+2308/U+2309	ceil(x)	$\lceil 2.1\rceil=3$
Signum	sgn	\operatorname{sgn}(x)	—	sign(x)	$\operatorname{sgn}(-2)=-1$

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4) Summation, Product, Calculus

Operator	Symbol	LaTeX	HTML / Unicode	ASCII Fallback	Example (LaTeX)
Summation	∑	\sum	∑ / U+2211	sum()	$\sum_{i=1}^n i$
Product	∏	\prod	∏ / U+220F	prod()	$\prod_{k=1}^n k = n!$
Derivative	d/dx	\frac{d}{dx}	—	d/dx	$\frac{d}{dx}x^2=2x$
Integral	∫	\int	∫ / U+222B	int	$\int_0^1 x\,dx=\tfrac12$
Limit	lim	\lim	—	lim	$\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\sin x}{x}=1$
Difference	Δ	\Delta	Δ / U+0394	Delta	$\Delta y=y_{n+1}-y_n$
Nabla	∇	\nabla	∇ / U+2207	grad	$\nabla f$, $\nabla\cdot \vec F$, $\nabla\times \vec F$

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5) Linear Algebra & Vectors

Operator	Symbol	LaTeX	HTML / Unicode	ASCII Fallback	Example (LaTeX)
Dot product	·	\cdot	· / U+00B7	dot or *	$\vec a\cdot \vec b$
Cross product	×	\times	× / U+00D7	x	$\vec a\times \vec b$
Transpose	T	A^{\mathsf T} or A^T	—	A^T	$A^{\mathsf T}$
Determinant	det	\det(A)	—	det(A)	$\det\begin{bmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{bmatrix}=ad-bc$
Matrix multiply	AB	AB	—	A*B	$AB$

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6) Logic

Operator	Symbol	LaTeX	HTML / Unicode	ASCII Fallback	Example (LaTeX)
NOT	¬	\lnot / \neg	¬ / U+00AC	!	$\lnot P$
AND	∧	\land	∧ / U+2227	&&	$P\land Q$
OR	∨	\lor	∨ / U+2228	||	$P\lor Q$
Implication	→	\to	→ / U+2192	->	$P\to Q$
Equivalence	↔	\leftrightarrow	&harr; / U+2194	<->	$P\leftrightarrow Q$

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7) Sets

Operator	Symbol	LaTeX	HTML / Unicode	ASCII Fallback	Example (LaTeX)
Element of	∈	\in	∈ / U+2208	in	$2\in\mathbb N$
Not element of	∉	\notin	∉ / U+2209	not in	$-1\notin\mathbb N$
Subset	⊆	\subseteq	&sube; / U+2286	<= (set)	$A\subseteq B$
Superset	⊇	\supseteq	&supe; / U+2287	>= (set)	$B\supseteq A$
Proper subset	⊂	\subset	&sub; / U+2282	⊊ approx	$A\subset B$
Union	∪	\cup	&cup; / U+222A	U	$A\cup B$
Intersection	∩	\cap	&cap; / U+2229	n	$A\cap B$
Set difference	∖	\setminus	U+2216	\	$A\setminus B$
Complement	Aᶜ	A^{c}	—	A^c	$A^{c}=U\setminus A$

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8) Functions & Specials

Operator	Symbol	LaTeX	HTML / Unicode	ASCII Fallback	Example (LaTeX)
Reciprocal	1/x	\frac{1}{x}	—	1/x	$\frac{1}{4}=0.25$
Mean (average)	μ	\mu / \bar{x}	μ / U+03BC	mu	$\mu=\frac1n\sum x_i$
Median	med	\operatorname{median}(x)	—	median(x)	—
Variance	σ²	\sigma^2 / \mathrm{Var}	σ / U+03C3	Var	$\sigma^2=E[(X-\mu)^2]$
Square / Cube	x² / x³	x^2, x^3	—	x^2, x^3	$3^2=9$, $2^3=8$
Exponential	eˣ	\exp(x) or e^x	—	exp(x)	$\exp(0)=1$
Logarithm	log, ln	\log x, \ln x, \log_{10} x, \log_2 x	—	log(x)	$ \ln(e)=1$
Clamp / Clip	min/max	\min(\max(x,a),b)	—	min(max(x,a),b)	—

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Notes & Best Practices

• Minus vs hyphen: Prefer U+2212 (−) for true minus in typography; ASCII hyphen - is acceptable in code.
• ASCII fallbacks: Use when LaTeX is unavailable. Be consistent within your document/system.
• Fractions: \tfrac{a}{b} is a compact inline fraction; \frac{a}{b} is standard.
• Vector/matrix style: For transposes and vectors, \mathsf{T}, \vec{v}, or bold \mathbf{v} depending on your style guide.
• Rendering: Enable MathJax/KaTeX in WordPress to display LaTeX ($…$, $$…$$). Without it, show HTML entities / ASCII.

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