Diode

A diode is a two-terminal electronic component with an asymmetric transfer characteristic, with low resistance to current flow in one direction, and high resistance in the other. A diode vacuum tube or thermionic diode is a vacuum tube with two electrodes, a heated cathode, and a plate, in which electrons can flow in only one … Read more

Neutron Overview

A neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol n or n0, with no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. Protons and neutrons constitute the nuclei of atoms. Since protons and neutrons behave similarly within the nucleus, and each has an associated electron orbiting it outside the nucleus (forming an … Read more

📘 The Atom: Its Structure, Evolution of Understanding, and Role in Modern Science

Abstract This comprehensive paper provides an in-depth look at the atom, the fundamental building block of matter, covering its structure, the evolution of atomic theory, and the critical role atomic understanding plays in shaping modern science and technology. It explores the atom from historical perspectives to cutting-edge applications in quantum mechanics, chemistry, energy, and computational … Read more

Magnetism

Magnetism is one of the most important forces in the universe. It is responsible for the Sun’s heat and light, and it drives the Earth’s climate. Magnetism also creates beautiful auroras, and it can be harnessed to generate electricity. All matter is made up of atoms, which are tiny particles that are constantly moving. Atoms … Read more

Electron Overview

The word “electron” was coined in 1894 by Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney (1826–1911). He suggested that electrons were components of atoms and proposed the name “corpuscle” for them. In 1897, English physicist J. J. Thomson (1856–1940) discovered electrons in cathode ray experiments and proposed that they were parts of atoms as well. Electrons are … Read more

Electromagnetism Overview

Electromagnetism is one of the four fundamental forces of nature and the other three are gravity, weak interaction, and strong interaction. It is the force that governs the behavior of electrons and protons, and it is responsible for most of the physical phenomena we see in everyday life. Electromagnetism arises from two basic principles: electricity … Read more