A neuron is a type of cell that is specialized for communication. Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system, which coordinates and controls all of the body’s activities. Each neuron consists of a cell body, an axon, and dendrites. The cell body contains the nucleus and most of the other organelles. The axon is a long, thin fiber that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons or to muscles or glands. Dendrites are shorter fibers that conduct impulses toward the cell body from other neurons or from sensory receptors in sense organs such as eyes or ears.
Neurons are essential for communication within our bodies – without them, we would be unable to coordinate any sort of movement or activity. Each individual neuron consists of three parts: acellular Body, an Axon, and Dendrite(s). The cellular Body houses most (if not all) of the organelles necessary for survival, however, it also plays host to the nucleus-which as we know contains DNA responsible for coding proteins critical to nerve function. An Axon acts much like an electrical wire; its primary purpose is to carry messages (impulses) from the neuronal Cell Body outwards towards target cells-be they other neurons or muscle cells. Finally, “Dendrite(s)” serve as input ports for signals received by way of another neuron’s axonal output or directly from a sense organ such as our eyes/retinas.
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