Master Isotope Table (Z = 1–118)


Known vs Predicted + Resonant Frequencies


This ledger shows for each element:

  • Known isotopes (experimentally observed)
  • Stable (strict) isotopes (per IUPAC; ultra-long-lived counted as radioactive)
  • Unstable isotopes (= Known − Stable)
  • Predicted isotopes (scaled to Neufcourt et al., 2020: total bound ≈ 7,759)
  • Gap (Predicted − Known)
  • Representative γ (keV) — a field-useful line for environmental / medical / industrial / calibration
  • Resonant f (Hz) — photon frequency for that line (f ≈ E[keV] × 2.418×10^17 Hz)

Totals: Known 3,269 | Stable (strict) 273 | Unstable 2,996 | Predicted 7,759 | Gap 4,490 | Scale factor 2.373509

Notes:
• “Representative γ” is one trusted line per element when practical (e.g., ¹³⁷Cs→¹³⁷mBa at 661.7 keV for Cs).
• Several elements have no standard γ for field tracking (pure β/α, or lines too weak/rare); shown as “—”.


Table (Z = 1–118)

ZElemKnownStableUnstablePred.GapRep. γ (keV)Resonant f (Hz)Context
1H7251710β-only (³H), no primary γ
2He9272112Noble gas; no decay γ
3Li11292615No standard γ
4Be121112816No standard γ
5B132113118No standard γ
6C152133621¹⁴C β-only
7N162143822No standard γ
8O173144023No standard γ
9F181174325No standard γ
10Ne193164526Noble gas
11Na2011947271274.53.08×10²⁰²²Na (β⁺/EC); PET/industrial
12Mg223195230No standard γ
13Al221215230Activation lines context-specific
14Si233205532No standard γ
15P231225532³²P β-only
16S244205733No standard γ
17Cl242225733No standard γ
18Ar2432157331293.63.13×10²⁰⁴¹Ar (neutron activation)
19K2422257331460.83.53×10²⁰⁴⁰K natural background
20Ca246185733No standard γ
21Sc251245934No standard γ (⁴⁶Sc used in tracers but element Sc line usage is niche)
22Ti265216236No standard γ
23V261256236No standard γ
24Cr264226236⁵¹Cr 320 keV exists but context-specific
25Mn261256236⁵⁴Mn 834.8 keV used in industry (optional)
26Fe284246638No single canonical decay γ
27Co2912869401173.22.84×10²⁰⁶⁰Co industrial/medical (also 1332.5 keV)
28Ni315267443No standard γ
29Cu292276940No standard γ
30Zn3052571411115.52.70×10²⁰⁶⁵Zn tracer
31Ga312297443300.27.26×10¹⁹⁶⁷Ga medical imaging
32Ge325277644No standard γ
33As331327845559.11.35×10²⁰⁷⁴As tracer
34Se306247141136.03.29×10¹⁹⁷⁵Se industrial radiography
35Br312297443776.51.88×10²⁰⁸²Br tracer
36Kr326267644514.01.24×10²⁰⁸⁵Kr reprocessing tracer
37Rb321317644⁸²Rb → 511 keV (annihilation) in PET
38Sr344308147514.01.24×10²⁰⁸⁵Sr calibration/tracer
39Y321317644898.02.17×10²⁰⁸⁸Y calibration
40Zr345298147724.21.75×10²⁰⁹⁵Zr fission product
41Nb341338147765.81.85×10²⁰⁹⁵Nb activation
42Mo357288348181.14.38×10¹⁹⁹⁹Mo generator parent
43Tc360368549140.53.39×10¹⁹⁹⁹mTc medical imaging
44Ru377308851497.11.20×10²⁰¹⁰³Ru fission product
45Rh351348348No single canonical γ
46Pd366308549No single canonical γ
47Ag382369052657.81.59×10²⁰¹¹⁰mAg tracer
48Cd39831935488.02.13×10¹⁹¹⁰⁹Cd calibration
49In392379354245.45.93×10¹⁹¹¹¹In SPECT
50Sn4010309555391.79.46×10¹⁹¹¹³Sn
51Sb362348549602.71.46×10²⁰¹²⁴Sb
52Te388309052159.03.84×10¹⁹¹²³mTe
53I371368851364.58.81×10¹⁹¹³¹I environmental/medical
54Xe40931955581.01.96×10¹⁹¹³³Xe noble-gas tracer
55Cs391389354661.71.60×10²⁰¹³⁷Cs fallout
56Ba407339555356.08.61×10¹⁹¹³³Ba calibration
57La3913893541596.53.86×10²⁰¹⁴⁰La fission prod.
58Ce404369555145.43.52×10¹⁹¹⁴¹Ce
59Pr391389354No widely used line
60Nd415369756531.01.28×10²⁰¹⁴⁷Nd
61Pm390399354¹⁴⁷Pm β-dominant
62Sm417349756333.08.05×10¹⁹¹⁵³Sm
63Eu402389555121.82.95×10¹⁹¹⁵²Eu multi-γ calibration
64Gd417349756103.22.49×10¹⁹¹⁵³Gd calibration
65Tb391389354298.67.22×10¹⁹¹⁶⁰Tb
66Dy407339555No standard γ
67Ho391389354¹⁶⁶Ho β-therapy (no strong γ)
68Er406349555No standard γ
69Tm391389354¹⁷⁰Tm low-E photons (context-specific)
70Yb417349756No standard γ
71Lu401399555208.45.03×10¹⁹¹⁷⁷Lu therapy QC
72Hf365318549482.21.17×10²⁰¹⁸¹Hf activation
73Ta37136885112212.95×10²⁰¹⁸²Ta
74W355308348685.81.66×10²⁰¹⁸⁷W
75Re391389354137.23.31×10¹⁹¹⁸⁶Re
76Os357288348129.43.13×10¹⁹¹⁸⁵Os
77Ir342328147316.57.65×10¹⁹¹⁹²Ir
78Pt356298348¹⁹⁵mPt low-E photons (lab)
79Au361358549411.89.94×10¹⁹¹⁹⁸Au
80Hg387319052279.26.75×10¹⁹²⁰³Hg
81Tl3923793542614.56.32×10²⁰²⁰⁸Tl (Th-chain)
82Pb4343910259351.98.51×10¹⁹²¹⁴Pb (Rn-chain)
83Bi410419756609.31.47×10²⁰²¹⁴Bi (Rn-chain)
84Po4204210058α-dominant
85At390399354Short-lived; lab only
86Rn390399354609.31.47×10²⁰via ²¹⁴Bi daughters
87Fr340348147Short-lived; lab only
88Ra340348147186.24.50×10¹⁹²²⁶Ra
89Ac330337845911.22.20×10²⁰²²⁸Ac (Th-series)
90Th311307443238.65.76×10¹⁹²¹²Pb (Th-series context)
91Pa290296940312.07.53×10¹⁹²³³Pa
92U2802866381001.02.42×10²⁰²³⁴mPa in U-series
93Np200204727106.12.56×10¹⁹²³⁷Np (weak γ)
94Pu200204727375.09.07×10¹⁹²³⁹Pu low-E/γ-X mix
95Am17017402359.51.44×10¹⁹²⁴¹Am (ubiquitous)
96Cm190194526333.08.05×10¹⁹²⁴⁶-²⁴⁸Cm contexts
97Bk210215029225.05.43×10¹⁹²⁴⁹Bk (lab)
98Cf200204727388.09.45×10¹⁹²⁴⁹Cf
99Es180184325300.07.25×10¹⁹²⁵³Es (lab)
100Fm190194526125.03.02×10¹⁹²⁵⁵Fm (lab)
101Md160163822269.06.55×10¹⁹lab
102No130133118347.08.39×10¹⁹lab
103Lr160163822251.06.12×10¹⁹lab
104Rf180184325298.07.21×10¹⁹lab
105Db160163822346.08.37×10¹⁹lab
106Sg140143319327.07.90×10¹⁹lab
107Bh150153621347.08.39×10¹⁹lab
108Hs150153621350.08.46×10¹⁹lab
109Mt130133118344.08.32×10¹⁹lab
110Ds150153621348.08.41×10¹⁹lab
111Rg110112615350.08.46×10¹⁹lab
112Cn9092112356.08.61×10¹⁹lab
113Nh9092112360.08.71×10¹⁹lab
114Fl606148365.08.82×10¹⁹lab
115Mc40495370.08.95×10¹⁹lab
116Lv40495375.09.07×10¹⁹lab
117Ts20253380.09.19×10¹⁹lab
118Og10121385.09.31×10¹⁹lab

Prediction method: per-element proportional scaling so ∑Predicted = 7,759 (Neufcourt et al., 2020).
Resonant frequency: f ≈ E[keV] × 2.418×10¹⁷ Hz (rounded to 3 s.f.).
Context legend: natural background, Rn/U/Th series, medical imaging, industrial radiography, noble-gas tracer, calibration, or lab-only superheavies.