| Z | Elem | Known | Stable | Unstable | Pred. | Gap | Nuclear γ (keV) | f(γ) (Hz) | Kα₁ (keV) | f(Kα₁) (Hz) | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | Nb | 34 | 1 | 33 | 81 | 47 | 765.8 | 1.85×10^20 | 16.615 | 4.02×10^18 | ⁹⁵Nb fission product + XRF |
| 42 | Mo | 35 | 7 | 28 | 83 | 48 | 181.1 | 4.38×10^19 | 17.479 | 4.22×10^18 | ⁹⁹Mo → ⁹⁹ᵐTc medical |
| 43 | Tc | 36 | 0 | 36 | 85 | 49 | 140.5 | 3.39×10^19 | 18.367 | 4.44×10^18 | ⁹⁹ᵐTc SPECT |
| 44 | Ru | 37 | 7 | 30 | 88 | 51 | 497.1 | 1.20×10^20 | 19.279 | 4.67×10^18 | ¹⁰³Ru fallout + XRF |
| 45 | Rh | 35 | 1 | 34 | 83 | 48 | — | — | 20.216 | 4.89×10^18 | Stable, XRF Kα₁ |
| 46 | Pd | 36 | 6 | 30 | 85 | 49 | — | — | 21.176 | 5.12×10^18 | Stable, XRF Kα₁ |
| 47 | Ag | 38 | 2 | 36 | 90 | 52 | 657.8 | 1.59×10^20 | 22.163 | 5.36×10^18 | ¹¹⁰ᵐAg environmental tracer |
| 48 | Cd | 39 | 8 | 31 | 93 | 54 | 88.0 | 2.13×10^19 | 23.173 | 5.60×10^18 | ¹⁰⁹Cd calibration source |
| 49 | In | 39 | 2 | 37 | 93 | 54 | 171.3 / 245.4 | 4.14×10^19 / 5.93×10^19 | 24.209 | 5.86×10^18 | ¹¹¹In imaging + XRF |
| 50 | Sn | 40 | 10 | 30 | 95 | 55 | 391.7 | 9.46×10^19 | 25.271 | 6.11×10^18 | ¹¹³Sn tracer + XRF |
| 51 | Sb | 36 | 2 | 34 | 85 | 49 | 602.7 / 1691 | 1.46×10^20 / 4.09×10^20 | 26.359 | 6.37×10^18 | ¹²⁴Sb activation + XRF |
| 52 | Te | 38 | 8 | 30 | 90 | 52 | 159.0 | 3.84×10^19 | 27.472 | 6.64×10^18 | ¹²³ᵐTe, ¹²⁵I precursors + XRF |
| 53 | I | 37 | 1 | 36 | 88 | 51 | 364.5 | 8.81×10^19 | 28.612 | 6.92×10^18 | ¹³¹I medical tracer + XRF |
| 54 | Xe | 40 | 9 | 31 | 95 | 55 | 81.0 | 1.96×10^19 | 29.779 | 7.20×10^18 | ¹³³Xe noble gas tracer |
| 55 | Cs | 39 | 1 | 38 | 93 | 54 | 661.7 | 1.60×10^20 | 30.973 | 7.48×10^18 | ¹³⁷Cs fallout + XRF |
| 56 | Ba | 40 | 7 | 33 | 95 | 55 | 356.0 | 8.61×10^19 | 32.193 | 7.78×10^18 | ¹³³Ba calibration + XRF |
| 57 | La | 39 | 1 | 38 | 93 | 54 | 1596.5 | 3.86×10^20 | 33.442 | 8.08×10^18 | ¹⁴⁰La fission prod. + XRF |
| 58 | Ce | 40 | 4 | 36 | 95 | 55 | 145.4 | 3.52×10^19 | 34.717 | 8.39×10^18 | ¹⁴¹Ce tracer + XRF |
| 59 | Pr | 39 | 1 | 38 | 93 | 54 | — | — | 36.019 | 8.70×10^18 | Stable; XRF Kα₁ |
| 60 | Nd | 41 | 5 | 36 | 97 | 56 | 531.0 | 1.28×10^20 | 37.349 | 9.03×10^18 | ¹⁴⁷Nd tracer + XRF |
Key terms in plain language
Open a term for a concise explanation of language used on this page.
Broadband
A general term for always-on, high-speed Internet access. Broadband can be delivered over fiber, cable, DSL, fixed wireless, cellular, or satellite networks.
Cloud Computing
Computing resources—such as applications, servers, storage, or databases—delivered from remote infrastructure and scaled as requirements change.
Cybersecurity
The practices and controls used to protect identities, devices, networks, applications, and data from unauthorized access, disruption, or manipulation.
Identity and Access Management (IAM)
The systems and policies that determine who a user is, what resources they may access, and how that access is authenticated and reviewed.
API
An application programming interface is a defined way for software systems to exchange data or request functions from one another.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Software designed to perform tasks involving prediction, classification, generation, reasoning, or decision support. Business use still requires clear data, governance, security, and human accountability.