Sodium (Na)
- Atomic Number: 111
- Symbol: Na2
- Isotopes:
- $^{17}$Na: Half-life is < 1.1 x 10−21 s, decays via proton emission.
- $^{18}$Na: Half-life is 1.3 zs (zeptoseconds), decays via proton emission.
- $^{19}$Na: Half-life is > 1 as (attosecond), decays via proton emission.
- $^{20}$Na: Half-life is 447.9 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{21}$Na: Half-life is 22.455 s, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{22}$Na: Half-life is 2.602 years, decays via 3β+ (positron emission) and electron capture.4
- $^{23}$Na: Stable.5
- $^{24}$Na: Half-life is 14.956 h, decays via 6β− (beta decay).7
- $^{25}$Na: Half-life is 59.1 s, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{26}$Na: Half-life is 1.071 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{27}$Na: Half-life is 301 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{28}$Na: Half-life is 33.1 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{29}$Na: Half-life is 43.2 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{30}$Na: Half-life is 45.9 ms, decays via 8β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.9
- $^{31}$Na: Half-life is 17.0 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{32}$Na: Half-life is 8.2 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{33}$Na: Half-life is 11.4 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{34}$Na: Half-life is 5.5 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{35}$Na: Half-life is 1.5 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{36}$Na: Half-life is 2.5 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{37}$Na: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{38}$Na: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{39}$Na: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Magnesium (Mg)
- Atomic Number: 12
- Symbol: Mg10
- Isotopes:
- $^{18}$Mg: Half-life is 4.0 zs, decays via 2-proton emission.11
- $^{19}$Mg: Half-life is 5 ps, decays via 2-proton emission.
- $^{20}$Mg: Half-life is 90.4 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{21}$Mg: Half-life is 120.0 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{22}$Mg: Half-life is 3.87 s, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{23}$Mg: Half-life is 11.30 s, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{24}$Mg: Stable.
- $^{25}$Mg: Stable.
- $^{26}$Mg: Stable.
- $^{27}$Mg: Half-life is 9.435 min, decays via 12β− (beta decay).13
- $^{28}$Mg: Half-life is 20.915 h, decays via 14β− (beta decay).15
- $^{29}$Mg: Half-life is 1.30 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{30}$Mg: Half-life is 317 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{31}$Mg: Half-life is 270 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{32}$Mg: Half-life is 80.4 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{33}$Mg: Half-life is 92.0 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{34}$Mg: Half-life is 44.9 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{35}$Mg: Half-life is 20 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{36}$Mg: Half-life is < 210 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{37}$Mg: Half-life is < 210 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{38}$Mg: Half-life is < 210 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{39}$Mg: Half-life is < 210 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{40}$Mg: Half-life is < 210 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Aluminum (Al)
- Atomic Number: 1316
- Symbol: Al17
- Isotopes:
- $^{21}$Al: Half-life is > 1.1 zs, decays via proton emission.18
- $^{22}$Al: Half-life is 91.1 ms, decays via 19β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.20
- $^{23}$Al: Half-life is 446 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{24}$Al: Half-life is 2.053 s, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{25}$Al: Half-life is 7.167 s, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{26}$Al: Half-life is 7.17 x 21105 years, decays via 22β+ (positron emission) and electron capture.23
- $^{27}$Al: Stable.24
- $^{28}$Al: Half-life is 2.245 min, decays via 25β− (beta decay).26
- $^{29}$Al: Half-life is 6.56 min, decays via 27β− (beta decay).28
- $^{30}$Al: Half-life is 3.62 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{31}$Al: Half-life is 644 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{32}$Al: Half-life is 32.6 ms, decays via 29β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.30
- $^{33}$Al: Half-life is 41.46 ms, decays via 31β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.32
- $^{34}$Al: Half-life is 53.73 ms, decays via 33β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.34
- $^{35}$Al: Half-life is 38.6 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{36}$Al: Half-life is 34.1 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{37}$Al: Half-life is 10.7 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{38}$Al: Half-life is 9.0 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{39}$Al: Half-life is 7.6 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{40}$Al: Half-life is < 260 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{41}$Al: Half-life is < 260 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{42}$Al: Half-life is < 260 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{43}$Al: Half-life is < 260 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Silicon (Si)
- Atomic Number: 14
- Symbol: Si
- Isotopes:
- $^{22}$Si: Half-life is 28.7 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{23}$Si: Half-life is 42.3 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{24}$Si: Half-life is 143.2 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{25}$Si: Half-life is 220.6 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{26}$Si: Half-life is 2.245 s, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{27}$Si: Half-life is 4.117 s, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{28}$Si: Stable.35
- $^{29}$Si: Stable.36
- $^{30}$Si: Stable.
- $^{31}$Si: Half-life is 157.16 min, decays via 37β− (beta decay).38
- $^{32}$Si: Half-life is 157 years, decays via 39β− (beta decay).40
- $^{33}$Si: Half-life is 6.18 s, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{34}$Si: Half-life is 2.77 s, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{35}$Si: Half-life is 780 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{36}$Si: Half-life is 503 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{37}$Si: Half-life is 141.0 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{38}$Si: Half-life is 63 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{39}$Si: Half-life is 41 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{40}$Si: Half-life is 30 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{41}$Si: Half-life is 23 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{42}$Si: Half-life is 16 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Phosphorus (P)
- Atomic Number: 1541
- Symbol: P
- Isotopes:
- $^{26}$P: Half-life is 43.6 ms, decays via 42β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.43
- $^{27}$P: Half-life is 260 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{28}$P: Half-life is 270.3 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{29}$P: Half-life is 4.102 s, decays via 44β+ (positron emission).45
- $^{30}$P: Half-life is 2.500 min, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{31}$P: Stable.46
- $^{32}$P: Half-life is 14.269 d, decays via 47β− (beta decay).48
- $^{33}$P: Half-life is 25.35 d, decays via 49β− (beta decay).50
- $^{34}$P: Half-life is 12.43 s, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{35}$P: Half-life is 47.3 s, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{36}$P: Half-life is 5.6 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{37}$P: Half-life is 2.31 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{38}$P: Half-life is 640 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{39}$P: Half-life is 282 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{40}$P: Half-life is 150 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{41}$P: Half-life is 101 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{42}$P: Half-life is 48.5 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Sulfur (S)
- Atomic Number: 16
- Symbol: S
- Isotopes:
- $^{26}$S: Half-life is 1.8 x 10−21 s, decays via proton emission.
- $^{27}$S: Half-life is 24 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{28}$S: Half-life is 125 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{29}$S: Half-life is 187 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{30}$S: Half-life is 1.178 s, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{31}$S: Half-life is 2.572 s, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{32}$S: Stable.
- $^{33}$S: Stable.
- $^{34}$S: Stable.51
- $^{35}$S: Half-life is 87.51 d, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{36}$S: Stable.
- $^{37}$S: Half-life is 5.05 min, decays via 52β− (beta decay).53
- $^{38}$S: Half-life is 2.84 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{39}$S: Half-life is 11.5 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{40}$S: Half-life is 8.8 s, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{41}$S: Half-life is 1.99 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{42}$S: Half-life is 1.01 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{43}$S: Half-life is 260 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{44}$S: Half-life is 100 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{45}$S: Half-life is 68 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{46}$S: Half-life is 18 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{47}$S: Half-life is 15 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Chlorine (Cl)
- Atomic Number: 17
- Symbol: Cl
- Isotopes:
- $^{28}$Cl: Half-life is > 30 ns, decays via proton emission.
- $^{29}$Cl: Half-life is 5.4 zs, decays via proton emission.
- $^{30}$Cl: Half-life is < 50 ns, decays via proton emission.
- $^{31}$Cl: Half-life is 190 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{32}$Cl: Half-life is 298 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{33}$Cl: Half-life is 2.504 s, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{34}$Cl: Half-life is 1.527 s, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{35}$Cl: Stable.54
- $^{36}$Cl: Half-life is 3.01 x 55105 years, decays via 56β− (beta decay) and electron capture.57
- $^{37}$Cl: Stable.58
- $^{38}$Cl: Half-life is 37.23 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{39}$Cl: Half-life is 56.2 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{40}$Cl: Half-life is 1.35 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{41}$Cl: Half-life is 38.4 s, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{42}$Cl: Half-life is 6.8 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{43}$Cl: Half-life is 3.13 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{44}$Cl: Half-life is 560 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{45}$Cl: Half-life is 513 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{46}$Cl: Half-life is 232 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{47}$Cl: Half-life is 100 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{48}$Cl: Half-life is 60 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{49}$Cl: Half-life is 40 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{50}$Cl: Half-life is < 500 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{51}$Cl: Half-life is < 500 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{52}$Cl: Half-life is < 500 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Argon (Ar)
- Atomic Number: 1859
- Symbol: Ar
- Isotopes:
- $^{29}$Ar: Half-life is < 10 ps, decays via 2-proton emission.
- $^{30}$Ar: Half-life is 2.4 x 10−22 s, decays via proton emission.
- $^{31}$Ar: Half-life is 15.0 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission), proton emission, and 2-proton emission.
- $^{32}$Ar: Half-life is 98 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{33}$Ar: Half-life is 173.0 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{34}$Ar: Half-life is 846.46 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{35}$Ar: Half-life is 1.7756 s, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{36}$Ar: Stable.
- $^{37}$Ar: Half-life is 35.011 d, decays via electron capture.
- $^{38}$Ar: Stable.60
- $^{39}$Ar: Half-life is 302 y, decays via 61β− (beta decay).62
- $^{40}$Ar: Stable.
- $^{41}$Ar: Half-life is 109.61 min, decays via 63β− (beta decay).64
- $^{42}$Ar: Half-life is 32.9 y, decays via 65β− (beta decay).66
- $^{43}$Ar: Half-life is 5.37 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{44}$Ar: Half-life is 11.87 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{45}$Ar: Half-life is 21.48 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{46}$Ar: Half-life is 8.4 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{47}$Ar: Half-life is 1.23 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{48}$Ar: Half-life is 430 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{49}$Ar: Half-life is 230 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{50}$Ar: Half-life is 100 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{51}$Ar: Half-life is 60 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{52}$Ar: Half-life is < 500 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{53}$Ar: Half-life is < 500 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{54}$Ar: Half-life is < 500 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Potassium (K)
- Atomic Number: 19
- Symbol: K
- Isotopes:
- $^{34}$K: Half-life is 1.6 x 10−21 s, decays via proton emission.
- $^{35}$K: Half-life is 1.83 x 10−20 s, decays via proton emission and β+ (positron emission).
- $^{36}$K: Half-life is 344 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{37}$K: Half-life is 1.226 s, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{38}$K: Half-life is 7.636 min, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{39}$K: Stable.67
- $^{40}$K: Half-life is 1.248 x 68109 years, decays via 69β− (beta decay), electron capture, and 70β+ (positron emission).71
- $^{41}$K: Stable.72
- $^{42}$K: Half-life is 12.36 h, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{43}$K: Half-life is 22.3 h, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{44}$K: Half-life is 22.13 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{45}$K: Half-life is 17.3 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{46}$K: Half-life is 105 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{47}$K: Half-life is 28.5 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{48}$K: Half-life is 6.8 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{49}$K: Half-life is 1.26 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{50}$K: Half-life is 470 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{51}$K: Half-life is 300 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{52}$K: Half-life is 110 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{53}$K: Half-life is 35 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{54}$K: Half-life is 18 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{55}$K: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{56}$K: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{57}$K: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{58}$K: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Calcium (Ca)
- Atomic Number: 20
- Symbol: Ca
- Isotopes:
- $^{35}$Ca: Half-life is 25.7 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{36}$Ca: Half-life is 102 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{37}$Ca: Half-life is 181.1 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{38}$Ca: Half-life is 439.6 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{39}$Ca: Half-life is 859.6 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{40}$Ca: Stable.73
- $^{41}$Ca: Half-life is 1.02 x 105 years, decays via electron capture.
- $^{42}$Ca: Stable.
- $^{43}$Ca: Stable.
- $^{44}$Ca: Stable.
- $^{45}$Ca: Half-life is 162.6 d, decays via 74β− (beta decay).75
- $^{46}$Ca: Stable.
- $^{47}$Ca: Half-life is 4.536 d, decays via 76β− (beta decay).77
- $^{48}$Ca: Stable.78
- $^{49}$Ca: Half-life is 8.718 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{50}$Ca: Half-life is 13.9 s, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{51}$Ca: Half-life is 10.0 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{52}$Ca: Half-life is 4.6 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{53}$Ca: Half-life is 1.1 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{54}$Ca: Half-life is 600 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{55}$Ca: Half-life is 180 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{56}$Ca: Half-life is 100 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{57}$Ca: Half-life is 40 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{58}$Ca: Half-life is 30 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{59}$Ca: Half-life is 20 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{60}$Ca: Half-life is < 160 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Next batch: Elements 21-30.
Scandium (Sc)
- Atomic Number: 211
- Symbol: Sc
- Isotopes:
- $^{38}$Sc: Half-life is < 150 ns, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{39}$Sc: Half-life is 300 ns, decays via proton emission.
- $^{40}$Sc: Half-life is 182.3 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{41}$Sc: Half-life is 596.3 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{42}$Sc: Half-life is 680.9 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{43}$Sc: Half-life is 3.89 h, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{44}$Sc: Half-life is 3.927 h, decays via β+ (positron emission) and electron capture.
- $^{45}$Sc: Stable.
- $^{46}$Sc: Half-life is 83.79 d, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{47}$Sc: Half-life is 3.3492 d, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{48}$Sc: Half-life is 43.67 h, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{49}$Sc: Half-life is 57.2 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{50}$Sc: Half-life is 1.76 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{51}$Sc: Half-life is 12.4 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{52}$Sc: Half-life is 3.5 s, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{53}$Sc: Half-life is 1.8 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{54}$Sc: Half-life is 600 ms, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{55}$Sc: Half-life is 115 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{56}$Sc: Half-life is < 70 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{57}$Sc: Half-life is < 70 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{58}$Sc: Half-life is < 70 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{59}$Sc: Half-life is < 70 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{60}$Sc: Half-life is < 70 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Titanium (Ti)
- Atomic Number: 22
- Symbol: Ti
- Isotopes:
- $^{39}$Ti: Half-life is 31 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{40}$Ti: Half-life is 55.7 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{41}$Ti: Half-life is 80 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{42}$Ti: Half-life is 200 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{43}$Ti: Half-life is 509 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{44}$Ti: Half-life is 60.0 years, decays via electron capture.
- $^{45}$Ti: Half-life is 1.696 h, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{46}$Ti: Stable.
- $^{47}$Ti: Stable.
- $^{48}$Ti: Stable.
- $^{49}$Ti: Stable.
- $^{50}$Ti: Stable.
- $^{51}$Ti: Half-life is 5.76 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{52}$Ti: Half-life is 1.7 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{53}$Ti: Half-life is 32.7 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{54}$Ti: Half-life is 1.5 s, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{55}$Ti: Half-life is 150 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{56}$Ti: Half-life is 70 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{57}$Ti: Half-life is 30 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{58}$Ti: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Vanadium (V)
- Atomic Number: 23
- Symbol: V
- Isotopes:
- $^{42}$V: Half-life is < 260 ns, decays via proton emission.
- $^{43}$V: Half-life is 41 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{44}$V: Half-life is 111 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{45}$V: Half-life is 547 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{46}$V: Half-life is 422.5 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{47}$V: Half-life is 32.6 min, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{48}$V: Half-life is 15.9735 d, decays via β+ (positron emission) and electron capture.
- $^{49}$V: Half-life is 330 d, decays via electron capture.
- $^{50}$V: Half-life is 1.4 x 1014 y, decays via electron capture and β− (beta decay).
- $^{51}$V: Stable.
- $^{52}$V: Half-life is 3.743 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{53}$V: Half-life is 1.636 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{54}$V: Half-life is 490 ms, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{55}$V: Half-life is 654 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{56}$V: Half-life is 215 ms, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{57}$V: Half-life is 35 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{58}$V: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{59}$V: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Chromium (Cr)
- Atomic Number: 24
- Symbol: Cr
- Isotopes:
- $^{43}$Cr: Half-life is 21.6 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{44}$Cr: Half-life is 54 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{45}$Cr: Half-life is 50 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{46}$Cr: Half-life is 200 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{47}$Cr: Half-life is 500 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{48}$Cr: Half-life is 21.56 h, decays via electron capture.
- $^{49}$Cr: Half-life is 42.3 min, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{50}$Cr: Stable.
- $^{51}$Cr: Half-life is 27.7025 d, decays via electron capture.
- $^{52}$Cr: Stable.
- $^{53}$Cr: Stable.
- $^{54}$Cr: Stable.
- $^{55}$Cr: Half-life is 3.497 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{56}$Cr: Half-life is 5.94 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{57}$Cr: Half-life is 1.1 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{58}$Cr: Half-life is 7.6 s, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{59}$Cr: Half-life is 520 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{60}$Cr: Half-life is 98 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{61}$Cr: Half-life is 29 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{62}$Cr: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{63}$Cr: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Manganese (Mn)
- Atomic Number: 25
- Symbol: Mn
- Isotopes:
- $^{46}$Mn: Half-life is 1.3 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{47}$Mn: Half-life is 100 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{48}$Mn: Half-life is 158.1 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{49}$Mn: Half-life is 382 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{50}$Mn: Half-life is 283.8 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{51}$Mn: Half-life is 46.2 min, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{52}$Mn: Half-life is 5.591 d, decays via β+ (positron emission) and electron capture.
- $^{53}$Mn: Half-life is 3.7 x 106 years, decays via electron capture.
- $^{54}$Mn: Half-life is 312.3 d, decays via electron capture.
- $^{55}$Mn: Stable.
- $^{56}$Mn: Half-life is 2.5789 h, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{57}$Mn: Half-life is 85.0 s, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{58}$Mn: Half-life is 3.0 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{59}$Mn: Half-life is 460 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{60}$Mn: Half-life is 270 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{61}$Mn: Half-life is 58 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{62}$Mn: Half-life is 24 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{63}$Mn: Half-life is 14 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{64}$Mn: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{65}$Mn: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Iron (Fe)
- Atomic Number: 26
- Symbol: Fe
- Isotopes:
- $^{45}$Fe: Half-life is 4.1 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{46}$Fe: Half-life is 8.0 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{47}$Fe: Half-life is 21.8 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{48}$Fe: Half-life is 44 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{49}$Fe: Half-life is 75 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{50}$Fe: Half-life is 1.62 s, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{51}$Fe: Half-life is 305 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{52}$Fe: Half-life is 8.275 h, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{53}$Fe: Half-life is 8.51 min, decays via β+ (positron emission) and electron capture.
- $^{54}$Fe: Stable.
- $^{55}$Fe: Half-life is 2.737 y, decays via electron capture.
- $^{56}$Fe: Stable.
- $^{57}$Fe: Stable.
- $^{58}$Fe: Stable.
- $^{59}$Fe: Half-life is 44.495 d, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{60}$Fe: Half-life is 2.6 x 106 y, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{61}$Fe: Half-life is 5.98 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{62}$Fe: Half-life is 68 s, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{63}$Fe: Half-life is 6.1 s, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{64}$Fe: Half-life is 2.0 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{65}$Fe: Half-life is 810 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{66}$Fe: Half-life is 350 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{67}$Fe: Half-life is 220 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{68}$Fe: Half-life is 110 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{69}$Fe: Half-life is 50 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{70}$Fe: Half-life is < 160 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{71}$Fe: Half-life is < 160 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Cobalt (Co)
- Atomic Number: 27
- Symbol: Co
- Isotopes:
- $^{47}$Co: Half-life is < 1.1 x 10−21 s, decays via proton emission.
- $^{48}$Co: Half-life is < 50 ns, decays via proton emission.
- $^{49}$Co: Half-life is 15 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{50}$Co: Half-life is 35 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{51}$Co: Half-life is 38 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{52}$Co: Half-life is 115 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{53}$Co: Half-life is 247 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{54}$Co: Half-life is 193.28 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{55}$Co: Half-life is 17.53 h, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{56}$Co: Half-life is 77.27 d, decays via β+ (positron emission) and electron capture.
- $^{57}$Co: Half-life is 271.79 d, decays via electron capture.
- $^{58}$Co: Half-life is 70.86 d, decays via β+ (positron emission) and electron capture.
- $^{59}$Co: Stable.
- $^{60}$Co: Half-life is 5.2713 y, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{61}$Co: Half-life is 1.65 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{62}$Co: Half-life is 1.5 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{63}$Co: Half-life is 275 ms, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{64}$Co: Half-life is 363 ms, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{65}$Co: Half-life is 148 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{66}$Co: Half-life is 65 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{67}$Co: Half-life is 42 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{68}$Co: Half-life is 27 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{69}$Co: Half-life is 18 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{70}$Co: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{71}$Co: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{72}$Co: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{73}$Co: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Nickel (Ni)
- Atomic Number: 28
- Symbol: Ni
- Isotopes:
- $^{51}$Ni: Half-life is < 300 ns, decays via proton emission.
- $^{52}$Ni: Half-life is 38 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{53}$Ni: Half-life is 45 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{54}$Ni: Half-life is 104 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{55}$Ni: Half-life is 204 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{56}$Ni: Half-life is 6.075 d, decays via electron capture.
- $^{57}$Ni: Half-life is 35.60 h, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{58}$Ni: Stable.
- $^{59}$Ni: Half-life is 7.6 x 104 years, decays via electron capture.
- $^{60}$Ni: Stable.
- $^{61}$Ni: Stable.
- $^{62}$Ni: Stable.
- $^{63}$Ni: Half-life is 101.2 y, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{64}$Ni: Stable.
- $^{65}$Ni: Half-life is 2.517 h, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{66}$Ni: Half-life is 54.6 h, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{67}$Ni: Half-life is 21 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{68}$Ni: Half-life is 29 s, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{69}$Ni: Half-life is 11.2 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{70}$Ni: Half-life is 6.0 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{71}$Ni: Half-life is 2.5 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{72}$Ni: Half-life is 1.6 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{73}$Ni: Half-life is 1.1 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{74}$Ni: Half-life is 420 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{75}$Ni: Half-life is 210 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{76}$Ni: Half-life is 100 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{77}$Ni: Half-life is 70 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{78}$Ni: Half-life is 5.2 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{79}$Ni: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{80}$Ni: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Copper (Cu)
- Atomic Number: 29
- Symbol: Cu
- Isotopes:
- $^{55}$Cu: Half-life is 40 ms, decays via proton emission.
- $^{56}$Cu: Half-life is 93 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{57}$Cu: Half-life is 199.3 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{58}$Cu: Half-life is 3.204 s, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{59}$Cu: Half-life is 81.5 s, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{60}$Cu: Half-life is 23.7 min, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{61}$Cu: Half-life is 3.333 h, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{62}$Cu: Half-life is 9.74 min, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{63}$Cu: Stable.
- $^{64}$Cu: Half-life is 12.701 h, decays via β− (beta decay), β+ (positron emission), and electron capture.
- $^{65}$Cu: Stable.
- $^{66}$Cu: Half-life is 5.12 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{67}$Cu: Half-life is 61.83 h, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{68}$Cu: Half-life is 30 s, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{69}$Cu: Half-life is 2.85 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{70}$Cu: Half-life is 42 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{71}$Cu: Half-life is 19.5 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{72}$Cu: Half-life is 6.6 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{73}$Cu: Half-life is 4.2 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{74}$Cu: Half-life is 1.59 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{75}$Cu: Half-life is 1.44 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{76}$Cu: Half-life is 600 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{77}$Cu: Half-life is 450 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{78}$Cu: Half-life is 290 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{79}$Cu: Half-life is 188 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{80}$Cu: Half-life is 100 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{81}$Cu: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Zinc (Zn)
- Atomic Number: 30
- Symbol: Zn
- Isotopes:
- $^{54}$Zn: Half-life is 1.3 ms, decays via proton emission and β+ (positron emission).
- $^{55}$Zn: Half-life is 10 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{56}$Zn: Half-life is 35 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission) and proton emission.
- $^{57}$Zn: Half-life is 38 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{58}$Zn: Half-life is 84 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{59}$Zn: Half-life is 182.0 ms, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{60}$Zn: Half-life is 2.38 min, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{61}$Zn: Half-life is 40.8 s, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{62}$Zn: Half-life is 9.186 h, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{63}$Zn: Half-life is 38.47 min, decays via β+ (positron emission).
- $^{64}$Zn: Stable.
- $^{65}$Zn: Half-life is 244.26 d, decays via β+ (positron emission) and electron capture.
- $^{66}$Zn: Stable.
- $^{67}$Zn: Stable.
- $^{68}$Zn: Stable.
- $^{69}$Zn: Half-life is 56.4 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{70}$Zn: Stable.
- $^{71}$Zn: Half-life is 2.44 min, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{72}$Zn: Half-life is 46.5 h, decays via β− (beta decay).
- $^{73}$Zn: Half-life is 23.5 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{74}$Zn: Half-life is 9.5 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{75}$Zn: Half-life is 10.2 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{76}$Zn: Half-life is 5.7 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{77}$Zn: Half-life is 2.08 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{78}$Zn: Half-life is 1.47 s, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{79}$Zn: Half-life is 995 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{80}$Zn: Half-life is 545 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{81}$Zn: Half-life is 290 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{82}$Zn: Half-life is 190 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
- $^{83}$Zn: Half-life is 110 ms, decays via β− (beta decay) and neutron emission.
Key terms in plain language
Open a term for a concise explanation of language used on this page.
VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol carries phone calls over an IP network instead of a traditional analog phone line. Call quality depends on network stability, latency, and traffic management.
Unified Communications (UCaaS)
A cloud-based combination of business calling, messaging, meetings, presence, and collaboration tools managed as one communications service.
SIP Trunking
A service that connects a business phone system to the public telephone network using Internet Protocol, replacing or supplementing traditional phone lines.
Bandwidth
The amount of data a connection can carry in a given time, usually measured in Mbps or Gbps. More bandwidth supports more users, devices, and simultaneous applications.
Latency
The time it takes data to travel between two points. Lower latency improves voice, video meetings, cloud applications, gaming, and other real-time services.
Service-Level Agreement (SLA)
A provider’s written commitment covering service targets such as availability, response time, repair time, and sometimes financial credits when commitments are missed.