(Z = 1 → 118, Strict IUPAC Stable Definition)
| Element (Z) | Isotopes Known | Stable | Unstable | Longest-Lived / Notable Isotope | Notable Uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H (1) | 7 | 2 | 5 | ³H (12.3 y) | Nuclear fusion, tracers |
| He (2) | 9 | 2 | 7 | ⁸He (119 ms) | Cryogenics, shielding |
| Li (3) | 11 | 2 | 9 | ¹¹Li (8.6 ms) | Nuclear halo studies |
| Be (4) | 12 | 1 | 11 | ¹⁰Be (1.39 My) | Cosmic ray dating |
| B (5) | 13 | 2 | 11 | ¹⁰B, ¹¹B stable | Neutron capture, reactors |
| C (6) | 15 | 2 | 13 | ¹⁴C (5730 y) | Radiocarbon dating |
| N (7) | 16 | 2 | 14 | ¹³N (10 min) | PET scans |
| O (8) | 17 | 3 | 14 | ¹⁵O (122 s) | Medical imaging |
| F (9) | 18 | 1 | 17 | ¹⁸F (110 min) | PET scans |
| Ne (10) | 19 | 3 | 16 | ²⁰Ne, ²²Ne stable | Lighting, cryogenics |
| Na (11) | 20 | 1 | 19 | ²²Na (2.60 y) | PET calibration, positron source |
| Mg (12) | 22 | 3 | 19 | ²⁸Mg (20.9 h) | Metabolic tracer |
| Al (13) | 22 | 1 | 21 | ²⁶Al (7.17×10⁵ y) | Cosmochemistry, meteoritics |
| Si (14) | 23 | 3 | 20 | ³²Si (153 y) | Environmental tracing |
| P (15) | 23 | 1 | 22 | ³²P (14.3 d) | DNA labeling, radiobiology |
| S (16) | 24 | 4 | 20 | ³⁵S (87.5 d) | Biochemical tracer |
| Cl (17) | 24 | 2 | 22 | ³⁶Cl (3.01×10⁵ y) | Hydrology & exposure dating |
| Ar (18) | 24 | 3 | 21 | ³⁹Ar (269 y) | Groundwater & ice dating |
| K (19) | 24 | 2 | 22 | ⁴⁰K (1.25×10⁹ y) | K–Ar & ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronology |
| Ca (20) | 24 | 6 | 18 | ⁴¹Ca (9.94×10⁴ y) | Bone/calcium kinetics |
| Sc (21) | 25 | 1 | 24 | ⁴⁶Sc (83.8 d) | Industrial/NDT tracer |
| Ti (22) | 26 | 5 | 21 | ⁴⁴Ti (≈59 y) | Supernova remnant studies |
| V (23) | 26 | 1 | 25 | ⁴⁸V (15.97 d) | PET/tracer research |
| Cr (24) | 26 | 4 | 22 | ⁵¹Cr (27.7 d) | RBC labeling, renal tests |
| Mn (25) | 26 | 1 | 25 | ⁵⁴Mn (312 d) | Metallurgy, tracer |
| Fe (26) | 28 | 4 | 24 | ⁶⁰Fe (2.6 My) | Astrophysics; hematology |
| Co (27) | 29 | 1 | 28 | ⁶⁰Co (5.27 y) | Radiotherapy, sterilization |
| Ni (28) | 31 | 5 | 26 | ⁶³Ni (~100 y) | Betavoltaics, corrosion studies |
| Cu (29) | 29 | 2 | 27 | ⁶⁴Cu (12.7 h) | PET/therapy (Cu-64) |
| Zn (30) | 30 | 5 | 25 | ⁶⁵Zn (244 d) | Nutrition & tracer work |
| Ga (31) | 31 | 2 | 29 | ⁶⁷Ga (3.26 d) | SPECT imaging |
| Ge (32) | 32 | 5 | 27 | ⁶⁸Ge (271 d → ⁶⁸Ga) | PET generator |
| As (33) | 33 | 1 | 32 | ⁷⁴As (17.8 d) | Tracer research |
| Se (34) | 30 | 6 | 24 | ⁷⁵Se (120 d) | Radiography, enzyme studies |
| Br (35) | 31 | 2 | 29 | ⁸²Br (35.3 h) | Hydrology/industrial tracers |
| Kr (36) | 32 | 6 | 26 | ⁸⁵Kr (10.8 y) | Atmospheric tracing |
| Rb (37) | 32 | 1 | 31 | ⁸⁷Rb (4.88×10¹⁰ y) | Rb–Sr geochronology |
| Sr (38) | 34 | 4 | 30 | ⁹⁰Sr (28.9 y) | Fission product, radiotherapy tracer |
| Y (39) | 32 | 1 | 31 | ⁹⁰Y (64 h) | Radiotherapy (β⁻ source) |
| Zr (40) | 34 | 5 | 29 | ⁹³Zr (1.53 My) | Reactor materials, waste tracing |
| Nb (41) | 34 | 1 | 33 | ⁹²Nb (3.5×10⁷ y) | Astrophysics, cosmochemistry |
| Mo (42) | 35 | 7 | 28 | ⁹⁹Mo (66 h → ⁹⁹ᵐTc) | Medical isotope generator |
| Tc (43) | 36 | 0 | 36 | ⁹⁸Tc (4.2 My) | First man-made element, diagnostic scans |
| Ru (44) | 37 | 7 | 30 | ¹⁰⁶Ru (373 d) | Fission product, tracer |
| Rh (45) | 35 | 1 | 34 | ¹⁰²Rh (207 d) | Catalysts, neutron capture |
| Pd (46) | 36 | 6 | 30 | ¹⁰⁷Pd (6.5 My) | Dating, hydrogen storage research |
| Ag (47) | 38 | 2 | 36 | ¹¹⁰ᵐAg (250 d) | Industrial tracers, radiography |
| Cd (48) | 39 | 8 | 31 | ¹¹³Cd stable; ¹¹⁵Cd (53 h) | Control rods, Q-value studies |
| In (49) | 39 | 2 | 37 | ¹¹⁵In (4.4×10¹⁴ y) | Electronics, nuclear studies |
| Sn (50) | 40 | 10 | 30 | ¹²⁶Sn (2.3×10⁵ y) | Long-lived fission product |
| Sb (51) | 36 | 2 | 34 | ¹²⁵Sb (2.76 y) | Industrial tracers |
| Te (52) | 38 | 8 | 30 | ¹³⁰Te (8×10²⁰ y, 2β decay) | Double-beta decay studies |
| I (53) | 37 | 1 | 36 | ¹²⁹I (1.57×10⁷ y) | Hydrology, dating, thyroid |
| Xe (54) | 40 | 9 | 31 | ¹³¹Xe (stable) / ¹³³Xe (5.3 d) | Lighting, medical imaging |
| Cs (55) | 39 | 1 | 38 | ¹³⁷Cs (30.2 y) | Radiotherapy, environmental tracer |
| Ba (56) | 40 | 7 | 33 | ¹³³Ba (10.5 y) | Calibration standards |
| La (57) | 39 | 1 | 38 | ¹³⁸La (1.05×10¹¹ y) | Scintillators, nuclear medicine |
| Ce (58) | 40 | 4 | 36 | ¹⁴⁴Ce (285 d) | Reactor fission product |
| Pr (59) | 39 | 1 | 38 | ¹⁴³Pr (13.6 d) | Magnets, alloys |
| Nd (60) | 41 | 5 | 36 | ¹⁵⁰Nd (7×10¹⁸ y, 2β) | Lasers, magnets |
| Pm (61) | 39 | 0 | 39 | ¹⁴⁵Pm (17.7 y) | Nuclear batteries, luminescence |
| Sm (62) | 41 | 7 | 34 | ¹⁵¹Sm (90 y) | Neutron absorbers, cancer therapy |
| Eu (63) | 40 | 2 | 38 | ¹⁵²Eu (13.5 y) | Calibration sources, neutron capture |
| Gd (64) | 41 | 7 | 34 | ¹⁵²Gd (1.08×10¹⁴ y) | MRI contrast, control rods |
| Tb (65) | 39 | 1 | 38 | ¹⁶⁰Tb (72.3 d) | Imaging tracers |
| Dy (66) | 40 | 7 | 33 | ¹⁶⁶Dy (81.6 h) | Magnets, neutron absorbers |
| Ho (67) | 39 | 1 | 38 | ¹⁶⁶Ho (26.8 h) | Medical research, magnets |
| Er (68) | 40 | 6 | 34 | ¹⁶⁹Er (9.4 d) | Fiber optics, lasers |
| Tm (69) | 39 | 1 | 38 | ¹⁷⁰Tm (128 d) | Portable X-ray sources |
| Yb (70) | 41 | 7 | 34 | ¹⁶⁹Yb (32 d) | Atomic clocks, lasers |
| Lu (71) | 40 | 1 | 39 | ¹⁷⁶Lu (3.78×10¹⁰ y) | PET scans, cancer therapy |
| Hf (72) | 36 | 5 | 31 | ¹⁸²Hf (8.9 My) | Geochronology, control rods |
| Ta (73) | 37 | 1 | 36 | ¹⁸⁰ᵐTa (>10¹⁵ y, isomeric) | Nuclear structure studies |
| W (74) | 35 | 5 | 30 | ¹⁸⁰W (1.8×10¹⁸ y) | Industrial alloys, geochronology |
| Re (75) | 39 | 1 | 38 | ¹⁸⁷Re (4.12×10¹⁰ y) | Rhenium–osmium dating |
| Os (76) | 35 | 7 | 28 | ¹⁸⁶Os (2×10¹⁵ y) | Geochronology, catalysts |
| Ir (77) | 34 | 2 | 32 | ¹⁹²Ir (73.8 d) | Industrial radiography, brachytherapy |
| Pt (78) | 35 | 6 | 29 | ¹⁹⁰Pt (6.5×10¹¹ y) | Catalysts, geochemistry |
| Au (79) | 36 | 1 | 35 | ¹⁹⁸Au (2.7 d) | Cancer therapy, tracers |
| Hg (80) | 38 | 7 | 31 | ¹⁹⁷Hg (2.7 d) | Dental, lighting, neutron capture |
| Tl (81) | 39 | 2 | 37 | ²⁰⁴Tl (3.8 y) | Radiotracer, toxicology |
| Pb (82) | 43 | 4 | 39 | ²⁰⁸Pb (stable) / ²⁰⁹Pb (3.25 h) | Shielding, batteries, dating |
| Bi (83) | 41 | 0 | 41 | ²⁰⁹Bi (1.9×10¹⁹ y, α) | Radiotherapy seeds, neutron capture |
| Po (84) | 42 | 0 | 42 | ²¹⁰Po (138 d) | α source, RTGs (rare) |
| At (85) | 39 | 0 | 39 | ²¹⁰At (8.1 h) | Targeted α therapy |
| Rn (86) | 39 | 0 | 39 | ²²²Rn (3.82 d) | Environmental tracer, health hazard |
| Fr (87) | 34 | 0 | 34 | ²²³Fr (22 min) | Research only |
| Ra (88) | 34 | 0 | 34 | ²²⁶Ra (1,600 y) | Radiotherapy, luminous paints (historical) |
| Ac (89) | 33 | 0 | 33 | ²²⁷Ac (21.8 y) | Cancer therapy (targeted α therapy) |
| Th (90) | 31 | 0 | 31 | ²³²Th (1.4×10¹⁰ y) | Thorium fuel cycle, dating |
| Pa (91) | 29 | 0 | 29 | ²³¹Pa (3.28×10⁴ y) | Geochronology (U–Th–Pa series) |
| U (92) | 28 | 0 | 28 | ²³⁸U (4.47 By) | Dating, reactors, weapons |
| Np (93) | 20 | 0 | 20 | ²³⁷Np (2.14 My) | RTGs, waste studies |
| Pu (94) | 20 | 0 | 20 | ²⁴⁴Pu (80 My, extinct) | Weapons, fuel, RTGs |
| Am (95) | 17 | 0 | 17 | ²⁴³Am (7.37×10³ y) | Smoke detectors, gauges |
| Cm (96) | 19 | 0 | 19 | ²⁴⁸Cm (3.48×10⁵ y) | Neutron sources |
| Bk (97) | 21 | 0 | 21 | ²⁴⁷Bk (1.4×10³ y) | SH element targets |
| Cf (98) | 20 | 0 | 20 | ²⁵¹Cf (898 y) | Neutron source (²⁵²Cf) |
| Es (99) | 18 | 0 | 18 | ²⁵²Es (1.3 y) | Irradiation research |
| Fm (100) | 19 | 0 | 19 | ²⁵⁷Fm (100 d) | Nuclear studies |
| Md (101) | 16 | 0 | 16 | ²⁶⁰Md (31.8 d) | Tracer studies |
| No (102) | 13 | 0 | 13 | ²⁶⁰No (107 min) | Chemistry studies |
| Lr (103) | 16 | 0 | 16 | ²⁶⁶Lr (11 h) | Longest-lived Lr |
| Rf (104) | 18 | 0 | 18 | ²⁶⁸Rf (1 h) | Chemical studies |
| Db (105) | 16 | 0 | 16 | ²⁶⁸Db (29 h) | Longest-lived Db |
| Sg (106) | 14 | 0 | 14 | ²⁷¹Sg (2.4 min) | Research |
| Bh (107) | 15 | 0 | 15 | ²⁷¹Bh (1.5 min) | Research |
| Hs (108) | 15 | 0 | 15 | ²⁷⁰Hs (22 s) | Research |
| Mt (109) | 13 | 0 | 13 | ²⁷⁸Mt (4.5 s) | Research |
| Ds (110) | 15 | 0 | 15 | ²⁸¹Ds (9.6 s) | Research |
| Rg (111) | 11 | 0 | 11 | ²⁸²Rg (2.1 min) | Research |
| Cn (112) | 9 | 0 | 9 | ²⁸⁵Cn (29 s) | Chemistry |
| Nh (113) | 9 | 0 | 9 | ²⁸⁶Nh (20 s) | Chemistry |
| Fl (114) | 6 | 0 | 6 | ²⁹⁰Fl (19 s) | Chemistry |
| Mc (115) | 4 | 0 | 4 | ²⁹⁰Mc (0.8 s) | Chemistry |
| Lv (116) | 4 | 0 | 4 | ²⁹³Lv (60 ms) | Research |
| Ts (117) | 2 | 0 | 2 | ²⁹⁴Ts (78 ms) | Research |
| Og (118) | 1 | 0 | 1 | ²⁹⁴Og (0.89 ms) | Research |
Totals
- Total elements: 118
- Total isotopes known: 3269
- Total stable (strict IUPAC): 272
- Total unstable (computed): 2997
Isotope Master Summary (Z = 1 → 118) – SolveForce Communications
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📊 Isotope Summary Table (Z = 1 → 118) – SolveForce Communications