Here is the next batch of elements, from 61 to 70, with all their known isotopes, their half-lives, and decay modes. Please note that Promethium (Pm) has no stable isotopes; all of its isotopes are radioactive.

Promethium (Pm)

  • Atomic Number: 61
  • Symbol: Pm
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{132}$Pm: Half-life is 6.5 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{133}$Pm: Half-life is 10 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{134}$Pm: Half-life is 22 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{135}$Pm: Half-life is 49 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{136}$Pm: Half-life is 1.1 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{137}$Pm: Half-life is 2.4 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{138}$Pm: Half-life is 1.3 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{139}$Pm: Half-life is 4.0 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{140}$Pm: Half-life is 9.2 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{141}$Pm: Half-life is 20.75 min, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{142}$Pm: Half-life is 40.5 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{143}$Pm: Half-life is 265 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{144}$Pm: Half-life is 360 d, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{145}$Pm: Half-life is 17.7 y, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{146}$Pm: Half-life is 5.53 y, decays via Beta Decay, Positron Emission, and Electron Capture.
    • $^{147}$Pm: Half-life is 2.6234 y, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{148}$Pm: Half-life is 5.37 d, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{149}$Pm: Half-life is 53.08 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{150}$Pm: Half-life is 2.68 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{151}$Pm: Half-life is 28.4 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{152}$Pm: Half-life is 7.5 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{153}$Pm: Half-life is 5.2 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{154}$Pm: Half-life is 1.7 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{155}$Pm: Half-life is 41.5 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{156}$Pm: Half-life is 26.7 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{157}$Pm: Half-life is 10.5 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{158}$Pm: Half-life is 4.0 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{159}$Pm: Half-life is 1.4 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.

Samarium (Sm)

  • Atomic Number: 62
  • Symbol: Sm
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{133}$Sm: Half-life is 2.9 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{134}$Sm: Half-life is 10.5 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{135}$Sm: Half-life is 9.5 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{136}$Sm: Half-life is 47 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{137}$Sm: Half-life is 45 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{138}$Sm: Half-life is 3.1 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{139}$Sm: Half-life is 2.57 min, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{140}$Sm: Half-life is 14.82 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{141}$Sm: Half-life is 10.2 min, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{142}$Sm: Half-life is 72.5 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{143}$Sm: Half-life is 8.75 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{144}$Sm: Stable.
    • $^{145}$Sm: Half-life is 340 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{146}$Sm: Half-life is 1.03 x 10⁸ y, decays via Alpha Decay.
    • $^{147}$Sm: Stable.
    • $^{148}$Sm: Stable.
    • $^{149}$Sm: Stable.
    • $^{150}$Sm: Stable.
    • $^{151}$Sm: Half-life is 90 y, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{152}$Sm: Stable.
    • $^{153}$Sm: Half-life is 46.284 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{154}$Sm: Stable.
    • $^{155}$Sm: Half-life is 22.1 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{156}$Sm: Half-life is 10.3 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{157}$Sm: Half-life is 5.5 min, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.

Europium (Eu)

  • Atomic Number: 63
  • Symbol: Eu
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{138}$Eu: Half-life is 12.1 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{139}$Eu: Half-life is 17.9 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{140}$Eu: Half-life is 1.5 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{141}$Eu: Half-life is 4.0 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{142}$Eu: Half-life is 1.22 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{143}$Eu: Half-life is 2.59 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{144}$Eu: Half-life is 10.2 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{145}$Eu: Half-life is 5.93 d, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{146}$Eu: Half-life is 4.61 d, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{147}$Eu: Half-life is 24 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{148}$Eu: Half-life is 54.5 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{149}$Eu: Half-life is 93.1 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{150}$Eu: Half-life is 36.9 y, decays via Positron Emission, Electron Capture, and Beta Decay.
    • $^{151}$Eu: Stable.
    • $^{152}$Eu: Half-life is 13.516 y, decays via Electron Capture and Beta Decay.
    • $^{153}$Eu: Stable.
    • $^{154}$Eu: Half-life is 8.59 y, decays via Beta Decay and Electron Capture.
    • $^{155}$Eu: Half-life is 4.76 y, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{156}$Eu: Half-life is 15.19 d, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{157}$Eu: Half-life is 15.18 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{158}$Eu: Half-life is 45.9 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{159}$Eu: Half-life is 18.1 min, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{160}$Eu: Half-life is 38 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{161}$Eu: Half-life is 26 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.

Gadolinium (Gd)

  • Atomic Number: 64
  • Symbol: Gd
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{141}$Gd: Half-life is 3.6 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{142}$Gd: Half-life is 1.2 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{143}$Gd: Half-life is 3.0 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{144}$Gd: Half-life is 4.49 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{145}$Gd: Half-life is 23.0 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{146}$Gd: Half-life is 48.3 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{147}$Gd: Half-life is 38.1 h, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{148}$Gd: Half-life is 74.6 y, decays via Alpha Decay.
    • $^{149}$Gd: Half-life is 9.28 d, decays via Electron Capture and Positron Emission.
    • $^{150}$Gd: Half-life is 1.79 x 10⁶ y, decays via Alpha Decay.
    • $^{151}$Gd: Half-life is 120 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{152}$Gd: Stable.
    • $^{153}$Gd: Half-life is 241.6 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{154}$Gd: Stable.
    • $^{155}$Gd: Stable.
    • $^{156}$Gd: Stable.
    • $^{157}$Gd: Stable.
    • $^{158}$Gd: Stable.
    • $^{159}$Gd: Half-life is 18.48 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{160}$Gd: Stable.
    • $^{161}$Gd: Half-life is 3.64 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{162}$Gd: Half-life is 8.0 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{163}$Gd: Half-life is 3.9 min, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{164}$Gd: Half-life is 45 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{165}$Gd: Half-life is 22 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.

Terbium (Tb)

  • Atomic Number: 65
  • Symbol: Tb
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{144}$Tb: Half-life is 4.25 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{145}$Tb: Half-life is 29.5 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{146}$Tb: Half-life is 23 s, decays via Positron Emission and Alpha Decay.
    • $^{147}$Tb: Half-life is 1.6 min, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{148}$Tb: Half-life is 60 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{149}$Tb: Half-life is 4.16 h, decays via Positron Emission and Alpha Decay.
    • $^{150}$Tb: Half-life is 3.1 h, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{151}$Tb: Half-life is 17.6 h, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{152}$Tb: Half-life is 17.5 h, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{153}$Tb: Half-life is 2.34 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{154}$Tb: Half-life is 21.5 h, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{155}$Tb: Half-life is 5.32 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{156}$Tb: Half-life is 5.35 d, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{157}$Tb: Half-life is 71 y, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{158}$Tb: Half-life is 180 y, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{159}$Tb: Stable.
    • $^{160}$Tb: Half-life is 72.3 d, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{161}$Tb: Half-life is 6.89 d, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{162}$Tb: Half-life is 7.6 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{163}$Tb: Half-life is 19.5 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{164}$Tb: Half-life is 3.0 min, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.

Dysprosium (Dy)

  • Atomic Number: 66
  • Symbol: Dy
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{146}$Dy: Half-life is 34 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{147}$Dy: Half-life is 47 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{148}$Dy: Half-life is 3.1 min, decays via Positron Emission and Alpha Decay.
    • $^{149}$Dy: Half-life is 4.2 min, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{150}$Dy: Half-life is 7.2 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{151}$Dy: Half-life is 17.9 min, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{152}$Dy: Half-life is 2.38 h, decays via Alpha Decay.
    • $^{153}$Dy: Half-life is 6.2 h, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{154}$Dy: Half-life is 3.0 x 10⁶ y, decays via Alpha Decay.
    • $^{155}$Dy: Half-life is 9.9 h, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{156}$Dy: Stable.
    • $^{157}$Dy: Half-life is 8.08 h, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{158}$Dy: Stable.
    • $^{159}$Dy: Half-life is 144 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{160}$Dy: Stable.
    • $^{161}$Dy: Stable.
    • $^{162}$Dy: Stable.
    • $^{163}$Dy: Stable.
    • $^{164}$Dy: Stable.
    • $^{165}$Dy: Half-life is 2.33 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{166}$Dy: Half-life is 81.6 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{167}$Dy: Half-life is 6.2 min, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{168}$Dy: Half-life is 3.0 min, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.

Holmium (Ho)

  • Atomic Number: 67
  • Symbol: Ho
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{148}$Ho: Half-life is 2.2 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{149}$Ho: Half-life is 21 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{150}$Ho: Half-life is 1.8 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{151}$Ho: Half-life is 35.2 s, decays via Positron Emission and Alpha Decay.
    • $^{152}$Ho: Half-life is 149 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{153}$Ho: Half-life is 9.3 min, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{154}$Ho: Half-life is 3.1 min, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{155}$Ho: Half-life is 48 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{156}$Ho: Half-life is 56 min, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{157}$Ho: Half-life is 12.6 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{158}$Ho: Half-life is 22 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{159}$Ho: Half-life is 33 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{160}$Ho: Half-life is 25.6 min, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{161}$Ho: Half-life is 2.48 h, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{162}$Ho: Half-life is 15 min, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{163}$Ho: Half-life is 4570 y, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{164}$Ho: Half-life is 29 min, decays via Positron Emission, Electron Capture, and Beta Decay.
    • $^{165}$Ho: Stable.
    • $^{166}$Ho: Half-life is 26.8 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{167}$Ho: Half-life is 3.05 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{168}$Ho: Half-life is 2.97 min, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.

Erbium (Er)

  • Atomic Number: 68
  • Symbol: Er
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{150}$Er: Half-life is 1.2 s, decays via Alpha Decay and Positron Emission.
    • $^{151}$Er: Half-life is 10.3 s, decays via Alpha Decay and Positron Emission.
    • $^{152}$Er: Half-life is 10.3 s, decays via Alpha Decay and Positron Emission.
    • $^{153}$Er: Half-life is 36.4 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{154}$Er: Half-life is 3.73 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{155}$Er: Half-life is 5.3 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{156}$Er: Half-life is 19.5 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{157}$Er: Half-life is 18.0 min, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{158}$Er: Half-life is 2.29 h, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{159}$Er: Half-life is 36 min, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{160}$Er: Half-life is 28.58 h, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{161}$Er: Half-life is 3.21 h, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{162}$Er: Stable.
    • $^{163}$Er: Half-life is 75.1 min, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{164}$Er: Stable.
    • $^{165}$Er: Half-life is 10.36 h, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{166}$Er: Stable.
    • $^{167}$Er: Stable.
    • $^{168}$Er: Stable.
    • $^{169}$Er: Half-life is 9.4 d, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{170}$Er: Stable.
    • $^{171}$Er: Half-life is 7.51 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{172}$Er: Half-life is 49.3 h, decays via Beta Decay.

Thulium (Tm)

  • Atomic Number: 69
  • Symbol: Tm
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{152}$Tm: Half-life is 5.2 s, decays via Positron Emission and Alpha Decay.
    • $^{153}$Tm: Half-life is 1.48 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{154}$Tm: Half-life is 8.5 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{155}$Tm: Half-life is 21.6 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{156}$Tm: Half-life is 1.6 min, decays via Positron Emission and Alpha Decay.
    • $^{157}$Tm: Half-life is 3.6 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{158}$Tm: Half-life is 4.0 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{159}$Tm: Half-life is 9.1 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{160}$Tm: Half-life is 9.4 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{161}$Tm: Half-life is 16.5 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{162}$Tm: Half-life is 21.7 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{163}$Tm: Half-life is 1.81 h, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{164}$Tm: Half-life is 2.0 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{165}$Tm: Half-life is 30.06 h, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{166}$Tm: Half-life is 7.7 h, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{167}$Tm: Half-life is 9.25 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{168}$Tm: Half-life is 93.1 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{169}$Tm: Stable.
    • $^{170}$Tm: Half-life is 128.6 d, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{171}$Tm: Half-life is 1.92 y, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{172}$Tm: Half-life is 63.6 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{173}$Tm: Half-life is 2.5 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{174}$Tm: Half-life is 5.4 min, decays via Beta Decay.

Ytterbium (Yb)

  • Atomic Number: 70
  • Symbol: Yb
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{151}$Yb: Half-life is 1.6 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{152}$Yb: Half-life is 3.1 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{153}$Yb: Half-life is 10.3 s, decays via Positron Emission and Alpha Decay.
    • $^{154}$Yb: Half-life is 43 s, decays via Positron Emission and Alpha Decay.
    • $^{155}$Yb: Half-life is 1.79 min, decays via Positron Emission and Alpha Decay.
    • $^{156}$Yb: Half-life is 26.1 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{157}$Yb: Half-life is 38.6 s, decays via Positron Emission and Alpha Decay.
    • $^{158}$Yb: Half-life is 4.0 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{159}$Yb: Half-life is 1.48 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{160}$Yb: Half-life is 4.8 min, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{161}$Yb: Half-life is 4.2 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{162}$Yb: Half-life is 19.3 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{163}$Yb: Half-life is 11.05 min, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{164}$Yb: Half-life is 2.45 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{165}$Yb: Half-life is 9.9 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{166}$Yb: Half-life is 56.7 h, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{167}$Yb: Half-life is 17.5 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{168}$Yb: Stable.
    • $^{169}$Yb: Half-life is 32.018 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{170}$Yb: Stable.
    • $^{171}$Yb: Stable.
    • $^{172}$Yb: Stable.
    • $^{173}$Yb: Stable.
    • $^{174}$Yb: Stable.
    • $^{175}$Yb: Half-life is 4.185 d, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{176}$Yb: Stable.
    • $^{177}$Yb: Half-life is 1.9 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{178}$Yb: Half-life is 74 min, decays via Beta Decay.

Next batch: Elements 71-80.

Lutetium (Lu) – Mercury (Hg) – SolveForce Communications

Key terms in plain language

Open a term for a concise explanation of language used on this page.

VoIP

Voice over Internet Protocol carries phone calls over an IP network instead of a traditional analog phone line. Call quality depends on network stability, latency, and traffic management.

Unified Communications (UCaaS)

A cloud-based combination of business calling, messaging, meetings, presence, and collaboration tools managed as one communications service.

SIP Trunking

A service that connects a business phone system to the public telephone network using Internet Protocol, replacing or supplementing traditional phone lines.

Bandwidth

The amount of data a connection can carry in a given time, usually measured in Mbps or Gbps. More bandwidth supports more users, devices, and simultaneous applications.

Latency

The time it takes data to travel between two points. Lower latency improves voice, video meetings, cloud applications, gaming, and other real-time services.

Service-Level Agreement (SLA)

A provider’s written commitment covering service targets such as availability, response time, repair time, and sometimes financial credits when commitments are missed.