Electromagnetic radiation is a type of energy that travels through the air and other materials at the speed of light. It includes visible light, infrared radiation, ultraviolet rays, x-rays, and gamma rays.

All matter is made up of atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller particles called protons and electrons. Protons have a positive charge while electrons have a negative charge. When an atom has more protons than electrons it is said to be positively charged. If there are more electrons than protons within an atom, then it is negatively charged. Electrons orbit around the nucleus which contains the protons in much the same way that planets orbit around the sun at different levels or shells.

The electromagnetic force acts between particles with electric charges. The strength of this force increases as either (or both) of these charges increase; like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract each other. The electromagnetic force also extends indefinitely; there are no known limits to how far this attractive or repulsive force can act between two charged objects.

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