Carrier Sensing Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) is a media access control method used most often in Ethernet networks. It uses carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) to listen for other transmissions before sending, and collision detection (CD) to detect and recover from collisions when two devices attempt to transmit at the same time.
The CSMA/CD algorithm is simple but effective. When a device has data to send, it first listens for a clear channel. If the channel is clear, it transmits its data; if not, it waits until the channel is clear and then retries transmission up to a certain number of times before giving up and reporting an error. If two devices transmit at the same time, they will collide; each will wait a random amount of time before retrying transmission. This waiting period ensures that subsequent collisions are less likely because each device will be using different parts of the bandwidth available on the network.
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