Sodium (Na)
- Atomic Number: 11
- Symbol: Na
- Isotopes:
- $^{18}$Na: Half-life is > 200 ns, decays via Proton Emission.
- $^{19}$Na: Half-life is 42.1 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
- $^{20}$Na: Half-life is 447.9 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{21}$Na: Half-life is 22.49 s, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{22}$Na: Half-life is 2.602 years, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
- $^{23}$Na: Stable.
- $^{24}$Na: Half-life is 14.959 h, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{25}$Na: Half-life is 59.1 s, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{26}$Na: Half-life is 1.0712 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{27}$Na: Half-life is 301 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{28}$Na: Half-life is 30.5 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{29}$Na: Half-life is 43.3 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{30}$Na: Half-life is 53.7 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{31}$Na: Half-life is 17.0 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{32}$Na: Half-life is 8.2 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{33}$Na: Half-life is 11.4 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{34}$Na: Half-life is 5.5 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{35}$Na: Half-life is 1.5 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{36}$Na: Half-life is 2.5 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{37}$Na: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
Magnesium (Mg)
- Atomic Number: 12
- Symbol: Mg
- Isotopes:
- $^{20}$Mg: Half-life is 91.4 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{21}$Mg: Half-life is 122 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{22}$Mg: Half-life is 3.84 s, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{23}$Mg: Half-life is 11.317 s, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{24}$Mg: Stable.
- $^{25}$Mg: Stable.
- $^{26}$Mg: Stable.
- $^{27}$Mg: Half-life is 9.458 min, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{28}$Mg: Half-life is 20.91 h, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{29}$Mg: Half-life is 1.30 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{30}$Mg: Half-life is 335 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{31}$Mg: Half-life is 230 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{32}$Mg: Half-life is 105 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{33}$Mg: Half-life is 90.5 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{34}$Mg: Half-life is 20 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{35}$Mg: Half-life is < 260 ns, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{36}$Mg: Half-life is < 210 ns, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
Aluminum (Al)
- Atomic Number: 13
- Symbol: Al
- Isotopes:
- $^{22}$Al: Half-life is 91.1 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
- $^{23}$Al: Half-life is 470 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{24}$Al: Half-life is 2.053 s, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{25}$Al: Half-life is 7.183 s, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{26}$Al: Half-life is 7.17 x 10⁵ years, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
- $^{27}$Al: Stable.
- $^{28}$Al: Half-life is 2.24 min, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{29}$Al: Half-life is 6.56 min, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{30}$Al: Half-life is 3.60 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{31}$Al: Half-life is 644 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{32}$Al: Half-life is 31.0 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{33}$Al: Half-life is 41.7 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{34}$Al: Half-life is 56.3 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{35}$Al: Half-life is 38.6 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{36}$Al: Half-life is 34.1 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{37}$Al: Half-life is 10.7 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{38}$Al: Half-life is 9.0 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{39}$Al: Half-life is 7.6 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{40}$Al: Half-life is < 260 ns, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
Silicon (Si)
- Atomic Number: 14
- Symbol: Si
- Isotopes:
- $^{22}$Si: Half-life is 29 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
- $^{23}$Si: Half-life is 42.3 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
- $^{24}$Si: Half-life is 140 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{25}$Si: Half-life is 220 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{26}$Si: Half-life is 2.23 s, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{27}$Si: Half-life is 4.16 s, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{28}$Si: Stable.
- $^{29}$Si: Stable.
- $^{30}$Si: Stable.
- $^{31}$Si: Half-life is 2.62 h, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{32}$Si: Half-life is 153 years, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{33}$Si: Half-life is 6.18 s, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{34}$Si: Half-life is 2.77 s, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{35}$Si: Half-life is 780 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{36}$Si: Half-life is 450 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{37}$Si: Half-life is 90 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{38}$Si: Half-life is 62 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{39}$Si: Half-life is 41 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{40}$Si: Half-life is 30 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{41}$Si: Half-life is 23 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{42}$Si: Half-life is 16 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
Phosphorus (P)
- Atomic Number: 15
- Symbol: P
- Isotopes:
- $^{26}$P: Half-life is 43.7 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
- $^{27}$P: Half-life is 260 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
- $^{28}$P: Half-life is 270.3 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{29}$P: Half-life is 4.14 s, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{30}$P: Half-life is 2.498 min, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{31}$P: Stable.
- $^{32}$P: Half-life is 14.268 d, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{33}$P: Half-life is 25.34 d, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{34}$P: Half-life is 12.43 s, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{35}$P: Half-life is 47.3 s, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{36}$P: Half-life is 5.9 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{37}$P: Half-life is 2.31 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{38}$P: Half-life is 640 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{39}$P: Half-life is 280 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{40}$P: Half-life is 88 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{41}$P: Half-life is 60 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{42}$P: Half-life is 48 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{43}$P: Half-life is 36 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{44}$P: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
Sulfur (S)
- Atomic Number: 16
- Symbol: S
- Isotopes:
- $^{26}$S: Half-life is 1.8 x 10⁻²¹ s, decays via Proton Emission.
- $^{27}$S: Half-life is 24 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
- $^{28}$S: Half-life is 125 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{29}$S: Half-life is 187 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{30}$S: Half-life is 1.178 s, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{31}$S: Half-life is 2.572 s, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{32}$S: Stable.
- $^{33}$S: Stable.
- $^{34}$S: Stable.
- $^{35}$S: Half-life is 87.51 d, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{36}$S: Stable.
- $^{37}$S: Half-life is 5.05 min, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{38}$S: Half-life is 2.84 min, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{39}$S: Half-life is 11.5 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{40}$S: Half-life is 8.8 s, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{41}$S: Half-life is 1.99 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{42}$S: Half-life is 1.01 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{43}$S: Half-life is 260 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{44}$S: Half-life is 100 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{45}$S: Half-life is 68 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{46}$S: Half-life is 18 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
Chlorine (Cl)
- Atomic Number: 17
- Symbol: Cl
- Isotopes:
- $^{28}$Cl: Half-life is > 30 ns, decays via Proton Emission.
- $^{29}$Cl: Half-life is 2.1 x 10⁻²¹ s, decays via Proton Emission.
- $^{30}$Cl: Half-life is 2.3 x 10⁻²¹ s, decays via Proton Emission.
- $^{31}$Cl: Half-life is 150 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{32}$Cl: Half-life is 298 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{33}$Cl: Half-life is 2.511 s, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{34}$Cl: Half-life is 1.526 s, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{35}$Cl: Stable.
- $^{36}$Cl: Half-life is 3.01 x 10⁵ years, decays via Beta Decay and Electron Capture.
- $^{37}$Cl: Stable.
- $^{38}$Cl: Half-life is 37.24 min, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{39}$Cl: Half-life is 55.6 min, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{40}$Cl: Half-life is 1.35 min, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{41}$Cl: Half-life is 38.4 s, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{42}$Cl: Half-life is 6.8 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{43}$Cl: Half-life is 3.5 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{44}$Cl: Half-life is 560 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{45}$Cl: Half-life is 400 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{46}$Cl: Half-life is 230 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{47}$Cl: Half-life is 100 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{48}$Cl: Half-life is 60 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{49}$Cl: Half-life is 40 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
Argon (Ar)
- Atomic Number: 18
- Symbol: Ar
- Isotopes:
- $^{30}$Ar: Half-life is 2.4 x 10⁻²² s, decays via Proton Emission.
- $^{31}$Ar: Half-life is 15 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
- $^{32}$Ar: Half-life is 98 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{33}$Ar: Half-life is 173.0 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{34}$Ar: Half-life is 844.5 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{35}$Ar: Half-life is 1.775 s, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{36}$Ar: Stable.
- $^{37}$Ar: Half-life is 35.04 d, decays via Electron Capture.
- $^{38}$Ar: Stable.
- $^{39}$Ar: Half-life is 269 years, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{40}$Ar: Stable.
- $^{41}$Ar: Half-life is 1.82 h, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{42}$Ar: Half-life is 32.9 years, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{43}$Ar: Half-life is 5.37 min, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{44}$Ar: Half-life is 11.87 min, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{45}$Ar: Half-life is 21.49 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{46}$Ar: Half-life is 8.4 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{47}$Ar: Half-life is 2.5 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{48}$Ar: Half-life is 430 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{49}$Ar: Half-life is 230 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{50}$Ar: Half-life is 100 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{51}$Ar: Half-life is 60 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
Potassium (K)
- Atomic Number: 19
- Symbol: K
- Isotopes:
- $^{34}$K: Half-life is 1.6 x 10⁻²¹ s, decays via Proton Emission.
- $^{35}$K: Half-life is 1.83 x 10⁻²⁰ s, decays via Proton Emission and Positron Emission.
- $^{36}$K: Half-life is 344 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{37}$K: Half-life is 1.226 s, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{38}$K: Half-life is 7.636 min, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{39}$K: Stable.
- $^{40}$K: Half-life is 1.248 x 10⁹ years, decays via Beta Decay, Electron Capture, and Positron Emission.
- $^{41}$K: Stable.
- $^{42}$K: Half-life is 12.36 h, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{43}$K: Half-life is 22.3 h, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{44}$K: Half-life is 22.13 min, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{45}$K: Half-life is 17.3 min, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{46}$K: Half-life is 105 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{47}$K: Half-life is 28.5 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{48}$K: Half-life is 6.8 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{49}$K: Half-life is 1.26 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{50}$K: Half-life is 470 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{51}$K: Half-life is 300 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{52}$K: Half-life is 110 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{53}$K: Half-life is 35 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{54}$K: Half-life is 18 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
Calcium (Ca)
- Atomic Number: 20
- Symbol: Ca
- Isotopes:
- $^{35}$Ca: Half-life is 25.7 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
- $^{36}$Ca: Half-life is 102 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{37}$Ca: Half-life is 181.1 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{38}$Ca: Half-life is 439.6 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{39}$Ca: Half-life is 859.6 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
- $^{40}$Ca: Stable.
- $^{41}$Ca: Half-life is 1.02 x 10⁵ years, decays via Electron Capture.
- $^{42}$Ca: Stable.
- $^{43}$Ca: Stable.
- $^{44}$Ca: Stable.
- $^{45}$Ca: Half-life is 162.6 d, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{46}$Ca: Stable.
- $^{47}$Ca: Half-life is 4.536 d, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{48}$Ca: Stable.
- $^{49}$Ca: Half-life is 8.718 min, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{50}$Ca: Half-life is 13.9 s, decays via Beta Decay.
- $^{51}$Ca: Half-life is 10.0 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{52}$Ca: Half-life is 4.6 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{53}$Ca: Half-life is 1.1 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{54}$Ca: Half-life is 600 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{55}$Ca: Half-life is 180 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{56}$Ca: Half-life is 100 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{57}$Ca: Half-life is 40 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{58}$Ca: Half-life is 30 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{59}$Ca: Half-life is 20 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
- $^{60}$Ca: Half-life is < 160 ns, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
Next batch: Elements 21-30.
Key terms in plain language
Open a term for a concise explanation of language used on this page.
VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol carries phone calls over an IP network instead of a traditional analog phone line. Call quality depends on network stability, latency, and traffic management.
Unified Communications (UCaaS)
A cloud-based combination of business calling, messaging, meetings, presence, and collaboration tools managed as one communications service.
SIP Trunking
A service that connects a business phone system to the public telephone network using Internet Protocol, replacing or supplementing traditional phone lines.
Bandwidth
The amount of data a connection can carry in a given time, usually measured in Mbps or Gbps. More bandwidth supports more users, devices, and simultaneous applications.
Latency
The time it takes data to travel between two points. Lower latency improves voice, video meetings, cloud applications, gaming, and other real-time services.
Service-Level Agreement (SLA)
A provider’s written commitment covering service targets such as availability, response time, repair time, and sometimes financial credits when commitments are missed.