Complete Periodic Table — Fully Populated (118 Elements)

Z	Symbol	Name	Category	Block	State	Etymology	Morphemes	Semantic Role	Nuclear Ref	Discovery
1	H	Hydrogen	Reactive nonmetal	s	Gas	Greek ‘hydro’ (water) + ‘gen’ (creator)	Greek	Covalent framework/oxidation states	1H,2H stable; 3H radioactive	1766 Cavendish
2	He	Helium	Noble gas	s	Gas	Greek ‘helios’ (sun)	Greek	Inert/closed shell; lighting/cryogenics	3He,4He stable	1868 Janssen/Lockyer
3	Li	Lithium	Alkali metal	s	Solid	Greek ‘lithos’ (stone)	Greek	Electropositive donor; strong reducing agent	6Li,7Li stable	1817 Arfvedson
4	Be	Beryllium	Alkaline earth metal	s	Solid	From mineral beryl (Greek ‘beryllos’)	From	Divalent structural/catalytic ion	9Be stable	1798 Vauquelin
5	B	Boron	Metalloid	p	Solid	From ‘borax’ (Arabic ‘buraq’ via Persian)	From	Semiconducting border; amphoteric	10B,11B stable	1808 Davy et al.
6	C	Carbon	Reactive nonmetal	p	Solid	Latin ‘carbo’ (coal)	Latin	Covalent framework/oxidation states	12C,13C stable; 14C dating	Ancient
7	N	Nitrogen	Reactive nonmetal	p	Gas	Greek ‘nitron’ + ‘gen’	Greek	Covalent framework/oxidation states	14N,15N stable	1772 Rutherford
8	O	Oxygen	Reactive nonmetal	p	Gas	Greek ‘oxys’ + ‘gen’	Greek	Covalent framework/oxidation states	16O,17O,18O stable	1774 Priestley/Scheele
9	F	Fluorine	Halogen	p	Gas	Latin ‘fluere’ (to flow)	Latin	Salt-forming, highly electronegative oxidizer	19F stable	1886 Moissan
10	Ne	Neon	Noble gas	p	Gas	Greek ‘neos’ (new)	Greek	Inert/closed shell; lighting/cryogenics	20–22Ne stable	1898 Ramsay/Travers
11	Na	Sodium	Alkali metal	s	Solid	From soda; Latin ‘natrium’	From	Electropositive donor; strong reducing agent	Stable isotopes present	1807 Davy
12	Mg	Magnesium	Alkaline earth metal	s	Solid	From Magnesia (Greece)	From	Divalent structural/catalytic ion	Stable isotopes present	1808 Davy
13	Al	Aluminum	Post-transition metal	p	Solid	Latin ‘alumen’ (alum)	Latin	Soft/heavy p-metal; alloys/shielding	Stable isotopes present	1825 Ørsted/Wöhler
14	Si	Silicon	Metalloid	p	Solid	Latin ‘silex’ (flint) + -on	Latin	Semiconducting border; amphoteric	Stable isotopes present	1823 Berzelius
15	P	Phosphorus	Reactive nonmetal	p	Solid	Greek ‘phosphoros’ (light-bearer)	Greek	Covalent framework/oxidation states	Stable isotopes present	1669 Brand
16	S	Sulfur	Reactive nonmetal	p	Solid	Latin ‘sulphur’ (brimstone)	Latin	Covalent framework/oxidation states	Stable isotopes present	Ancient
17	Cl	Chlorine	Halogen	p	Gas	Greek ‘chloros’ (green-yellow)	Greek	Salt-forming, highly electronegative oxidizer	Stable isotopes present	1774 Scheele
18	Ar	Argon	Noble gas	p	Gas	Greek ‘argos’ (idle)	Greek	Inert/closed shell; lighting/cryogenics	Stable isotopes present	1894 Ramsay/Strutt
19	K	Potassium	Alkali metal	s	Solid	From potash; Latin ‘kalium’	From	Electropositive donor; strong reducing agent	Stable isotopes present	1807 Davy
20	Ca	Calcium	Alkaline earth metal	s	Solid	Latin ‘calx’ (lime)	Latin	Divalent structural/catalytic ion	Stable isotopes present	1808 Davy
21	Sc	Scandium	Transition metal	d	Solid	From Scandia (Scandinavia)	From	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1879 Nilson
22	Ti	Titanium	Transition metal	d	Solid	Named after the Titans	Named	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1791 Gregor
23	V	Vanadium	Transition metal	d	Solid	Vanadis (Freyja)	Vanadis	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1830 Sefström
24	Cr	Chromium	Transition metal	d	Solid	Greek ‘chroma’ (color)	Greek	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1797 Vauquelin
25	Mn	Manganese	Transition metal	d	Solid	From ‘magnesia nigra’	From	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1774 Gahn
26	Fe	Iron	Transition metal	d	Solid	Latin ‘ferrum’	Latin	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	Ancient
27	Co	Cobalt	Transition metal	d	Solid	German ‘kobold’ (goblin)	German	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1735 Brandt
28	Ni	Nickel	Transition metal	d	Solid	From ‘kupfernickel’ (false copper)	From	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1751 Cronstedt
29	Cu	Copper	Transition metal	d	Solid	From ‘cuprum’ (Cyprus)	From	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	Ancient
30	Zn	Zinc	Transition metal	d	Solid	German ‘zinke’ (prong)	German	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	Ancient
31	Ga	Gallium	Post-transition metal	p	Solid	Latin ‘Gallia’ (France)	Latin	Soft/heavy p-metal; alloys/shielding	Stable isotopes present	1875 de Boisbaudran
32	Ge	Germanium	Metalloid	p	Solid	Named after Germany	Named	Semiconducting border; amphoteric	Stable isotopes present	1886 Winkler
33	As	Arsenic	Metalloid	p	Solid	Greek ‘arsenikon’ (orpiment)	Greek	Semiconducting border; amphoteric	Stable isotopes present	Ancient
34	Se	Selenium	Reactive nonmetal	p	Solid	Greek ‘selene’ (moon)	Greek	Covalent framework/oxidation states	Stable isotopes present	1817 Berzelius
35	Br	Bromine	Halogen	p	Liquid	Greek ‘bromos’ (stench)	Greek	Salt-forming, highly electronegative oxidizer	Stable isotopes present	1826 Balard
36	Kr	Krypton	Noble gas	p	Gas	Greek ‘kryptos’ (hidden)	Greek	Inert/closed shell; lighting/cryogenics	Stable isotopes present	1898 Ramsay/Travers
37	Rb	Rubidium	Alkali metal	s	Solid	Latin ‘rubidus’ (deep red)	Latin	Electropositive donor; strong reducing agent	Stable isotopes present	1861 Bunsen/Kirchhoff
38	Sr	Strontium	Alkaline earth metal	s	Solid	Strontian (Scotland)	Strontian	Divalent structural/catalytic ion	Stable isotopes present	1790 Crawford
39	Y	Yttrium	Transition metal	d	Solid	Ytterby (Sweden)	Ytterby	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1794 Gadolin
40	Zr	Zirconium	Transition metal	d	Solid	From zircon (Arabic/Persian origin)	From	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1789 Klaproth
41	Nb	Niobium	Transition metal	d	Solid	Niobe (mythology)	Niobe	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1801 Hatchett
42	Mo	Molybdenum	Transition metal	d	Solid	Greek ‘molybdos’ (lead)	Greek	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1778 Scheele
43	Tc	Technetium	Transition metal	d	Solid	Greek ‘technetos’ (artificial)	Greek	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	No stable isotopes	1937 Perrier/Segre
44	Ru	Ruthenium	Transition metal	d	Solid	Ruthenia (Russia)	Ruthenia	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1844 Claus
45	Rh	Rhodium	Transition metal	d	Solid	Greek ‘rhodon’ (rose)	Greek	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1803 Wollaston
46	Pd	Palladium	Transition metal	d	Solid	Asteroid Pallas	Asteroid	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1803 Wollaston
47	Ag	Silver	Transition metal	d	Solid	Latin ‘argentum’	Latin	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	Ancient
48	Cd	Cadmium	Transition metal	d	Solid	Greek ‘kadmeia’ (calamine)	Greek	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1817 Stromeyer
49	In	Indium	Post-transition metal	p	Solid	Indigo spectral line	Indigo	Soft/heavy p-metal; alloys/shielding	Stable isotopes present	1863 Reich/Richter
50	Sn	Tin	Post-transition metal	p	Solid	Latin ‘stannum’	Latin	Soft/heavy p-metal; alloys/shielding	Stable isotopes present	Ancient
51	Sb	Antimony	Metalloid	p	Solid	Latin ‘stibium’	Latin	Semiconducting border; amphoteric	Stable isotopes present	Ancient
52	Te	Tellurium	Metalloid	p	Solid	Latin ‘tellus’ (earth)	Latin	Semiconducting border; amphoteric	Stable isotopes present	1782 Müller
53	I	Iodine	Halogen	p	Solid	Greek ‘ioeides’ (violet-like)	Greek	Salt-forming, highly electronegative oxidizer	Stable isotopes present	1811 Courtois
54	Xe	Xenon	Noble gas	p	Gas	Greek ‘xenos’ (strange)	Greek	Inert/closed shell; lighting/cryogenics	Stable isotopes present	1898 Ramsay/Travers
55	Cs	Cesium	Alkali metal	s	Solid	Latin ‘caesius’ (sky-blue)	Latin	Electropositive donor; strong reducing agent	Stable isotopes present	1860 Bunsen/Kirchhoff
56	Ba	Barium	Alkaline earth metal	s	Solid	Greek ‘barys’ (heavy)	Greek	Divalent structural/catalytic ion	Stable isotopes present	1808 Davy
57	La	Lanthanum	Lanthanide	f	Solid	Greek ‘lanthanein’ (to lie hidden)	Greek	4f rare earth; magnetic/optical/phosphor	Stable isotopes present	1839 Mosander
58	Ce	Cerium	Lanthanide	f	Solid	Ceres (asteroid)	Ceres	4f rare earth; magnetic/optical/phosphor	Stable isotopes present	1803 Hisinger/Klaproth
59	Pr	Praseodymium	Lanthanide	f	Solid	Greek ‘prasios didymos’ (green twin)	Greek	4f rare earth; magnetic/optical/phosphor	Stable isotopes present	1885 von Welsbach
60	Nd	Neodymium	Lanthanide	f	Solid	Greek ‘neos didymos’ (new twin)	Greek	4f rare earth; magnetic/optical/phosphor	Stable isotopes present	1885 von Welsbach
61	Pm	Promethium	Lanthanide	f	Solid	Prometheus (myth)	Prometheus	4f rare earth; magnetic/optical/phosphor	No stable isotopes	1945 (ORNL)
62	Sm	Samarium	Lanthanide	f	Solid	From samarskite mineral	From	4f rare earth; magnetic/optical/phosphor	Stable isotopes present	1879 Lecoq
63	Eu	Europium	Lanthanide	f	Solid	Europe	Europe	4f rare earth; magnetic/optical/phosphor	Stable isotopes present	1901 Demarçay
64	Gd	Gadolinium	Lanthanide	f	Solid	Johan Gadolin	Johan	4f rare earth; magnetic/optical/phosphor	Stable isotopes present	1880 Marignac
65	Tb	Terbium	Lanthanide	f	Solid	Ytterby (Sweden)	Ytterby	4f rare earth; magnetic/optical/phosphor	Stable isotopes present	1843 Mosander
66	Dy	Dysprosium	Lanthanide	f	Solid	Greek ‘dysprositos’ (hard to get)	Greek	4f rare earth; magnetic/optical/phosphor	Stable isotopes present	1886 Lecoq
67	Ho	Holmium	Lanthanide	f	Solid	Holmia (Stockholm)	Holmia	4f rare earth; magnetic/optical/phosphor	Stable isotopes present	1878 Cleve
68	Er	Erbium	Lanthanide	f	Solid	Ytterby (Sweden)	Ytterby	4f rare earth; magnetic/optical/phosphor	Stable isotopes present	1842 Mosander
69	Tm	Thulium	Lanthanide	f	Solid	Thule (mythic north)	Thule	4f rare earth; magnetic/optical/phosphor	Stable isotopes present	1879 Cleve
70	Yb	Ytterbium	Lanthanide	f	Solid	Ytterby (Sweden)	Ytterby	4f rare earth; magnetic/optical/phosphor	Stable isotopes present	1878 Marignac
71	Lu	Lutetium	Lanthanide	f	Solid	Lutetia (Paris)	Lutetia	4f rare earth; magnetic/optical/phosphor	Stable isotopes present	1907 Urbain
72	Hf	Hafnium	Transition metal	d	Solid	Hafnia (Copenhagen)	Hafnia	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1923 Coster/Hevesy
73	Ta	Tantalum	Transition metal	d	Solid	Tantalus (mythology)	Tantalus	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1802 Ekeberg
74	W	Tungsten	Transition metal	d	Solid	Swedish ‘tung sten’ (heavy stone)	Swedish	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1781–83 Scheele/Elhuyar
75	Re	Rhenium	Transition metal	d	Solid	Rhenus (Rhine)	Rhenus	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1925 Noddack
76	Os	Osmium	Transition metal	d	Solid	Greek ‘osme’ (smell)	Greek	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1803 Tennant
77	Ir	Iridium	Transition metal	d	Solid	Latin ‘iris’ (rainbow)	Latin	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	1803 Tennant
78	Pt	Platinum	Transition metal	d	Solid	Spanish ‘platina’ (little silver)	Spanish	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	18th c.
79	Au	Gold	Transition metal	d	Solid	Latin ‘aurum’	Latin	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	Ancient
80	Hg	Mercury	Transition metal	d	Liquid	Roman Mercury; Latin ‘hydrargyrum’	Roman	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	Stable isotopes present	Ancient
81	Tl	Thallium	Post-transition metal	p	Solid	Greek ‘thallos’ (green shoot)	Greek	Soft/heavy p-metal; alloys/shielding	Stable isotopes present	1861 Crookes
82	Pb	Lead	Post-transition metal	p	Solid	Latin ‘plumbum’	Latin	Soft/heavy p-metal; alloys/shielding	Stable isotopes present	Ancient
83	Bi	Bismuth	Post-transition metal	p	Solid	German ‘Wismut’	German	Soft/heavy p-metal; alloys/shielding	Stable isotopes present	18th c.
84	Po	Polonium	Post-transition metal	p	Solid	Named after Poland	Named	Soft/heavy p-metal; alloys/shielding	No stable isotopes	1898 Curie
85	At	Astatine	Halogen	p	Solid	Greek ‘astatos’ (unstable)	Greek	Salt-forming, highly electronegative oxidizer	No stable isotopes	1940 Corson/MacKenzie/Segrè
86	Rn	Radon	Noble gas	p	Gas	From radium + suffix ‘-on’	From	Inert/closed shell; lighting/cryogenics	No stable isotopes	1900 Dorn
87	Fr	Francium	Alkali metal	s	Solid	Named after France	Named	Electropositive donor; strong reducing agent	No stable isotopes	1939 Perey
88	Ra	Radium	Alkaline earth metal	s	Solid	Latin ‘radius’ (ray)	Latin	Divalent structural/catalytic ion	No stable isotopes	1898 Curie
89	Ac	Actinium	Actinide	f	Solid	Greek ‘aktis’ (ray)	Greek	5f radioactive; nuclear fuel/targets	No stable isotopes	1899 Debierne
90	Th	Thorium	Actinide	f	Solid	Norse god Thor	Norse	5f radioactive; nuclear fuel/targets	No stable isotopes	1829 Berzelius
91	Pa	Protactinium	Actinide	f	Solid	Greek ‘protos’ (before) + actinium	Greek	5f radioactive; nuclear fuel/targets	No stable isotopes	1913 Hahn/Meitner
92	U	Uranium	Actinide	f	Solid	Uranus (planet)	Uranus	5f radioactive; nuclear fuel/targets	No stable isotopes	1789 Klaproth
93	Np	Neptunium	Actinide	f	Solid	Neptune (planet)	Neptune	5f radioactive; nuclear fuel/targets	No stable isotopes	1940 McMillan/Abelson
94	Pu	Plutonium	Actinide	f	Solid	Pluto (planet)	Pluto	5f radioactive; nuclear fuel/targets	No stable isotopes	1940 Seaborg
95	Am	Americium	Actinide	f	Solid	America	America	5f radioactive; nuclear fuel/targets	No stable isotopes	1944 Seaborg
96	Cm	Curium	Actinide	f	Solid	Curie (scientists)	Curie	5f radioactive; nuclear fuel/targets	No stable isotopes	1944 Seaborg
97	Bk	Berkelium	Actinide	f	Solid	Berkeley (California)	Berkeley	5f radioactive; nuclear fuel/targets	No stable isotopes	1949 Seaborg
98	Cf	Californium	Actinide	f	Solid	California	California	5f radioactive; nuclear fuel/targets	No stable isotopes	1950 Seaborg
99	Es	Einsteinium	Actinide	f	Solid	Albert Einstein	Albert	5f radioactive; nuclear fuel/targets	No stable isotopes	1952 (H-bomb debris)
100	Fm	Fermium	Actinide	f	Solid	Enrico Fermi	Enrico	5f radioactive; nuclear fuel/targets	No stable isotopes	1952 (H-bomb debris)
101	Md	Mendelevium	Actinide	f	Solid	Dmitri Mendeleev	Dmitri	5f radioactive; nuclear fuel/targets	No stable isotopes	1955 Seaborg
102	No	Nobelium	Actinide	f	Solid	Alfred Nobel	Alfred	5f radioactive; nuclear fuel/targets	No stable isotopes	1958 JINR
103	Lr	Lawrencium	Actinide	f	Solid	Ernest Lawrence	Ernest	5f radioactive; nuclear fuel/targets	No stable isotopes	1961 Ghiorso
104	Rf	Rutherfordium	Element	d	Solid	Ernest Rutherford	Ernest	Element	No stable isotopes	1969 Dubna/LLNL
105	Db	Dubnium	Element	d	Solid	Dubna (Russia)	Dubna	Element	No stable isotopes	1967 Dubna
106	Sg	Seaborgium	Element	d	Solid	Glenn Seaborg	Glenn	Element	No stable isotopes	1974 LLNL
107	Bh	Bohrium	Element	d	Solid	Niels Bohr	Niels	Element	No stable isotopes	1981 Darmstadt
108	Hs	Hassium	Element	d	Solid	State of Hesse (Germany)	State	Element	No stable isotopes	1984 Darmstadt
109	Mt	Meitnerium	Element	d	Solid	Lise Meitner	Lise	Element	No stable isotopes	1982 Darmstadt
110	Ds	Darmstadtium	Element	d	Solid	Darmstadt (Germany)	Darmstadt	Element	No stable isotopes	1994 Darmstadt
111	Rg	Roentgenium	Transition metal	d	Solid	Wilhelm Röntgen	Wilhelm	Variable valence catalyst/conductor	No stable isotopes	1994 Darmstadt
112	Cn	Copernicium	Post-transition metal	d	Solid	Nicolaus Copernicus	Nicolaus	Soft/heavy p-metal; alloys/shielding	No stable isotopes	1996 Darmstadt
113	Nh	Nihonium	Post-transition metal	p	Solid	Japan (Nihon)	Japan	Soft/heavy p-metal; alloys/shielding	No stable isotopes	2003 RIKEN
114	Fl	Flerovium	Post-transition metal	p	Solid	Flerov Laboratory (Dubna)	Flerov	Soft/heavy p-metal; alloys/shielding	No stable isotopes	1998 Dubna
115	Mc	Moscovium	Post-transition metal	p	Solid	Moscow (oblast)	Moscow	Soft/heavy p-metal; alloys/shielding	No stable isotopes	2003 Dubna/LLNL
116	Lv	Livermorium	Post-transition metal	p	Solid	Lawrence Livermore	Lawrence	Soft/heavy p-metal; alloys/shielding	No stable isotopes	2000 Dubna/LLNL
117	Ts	Tennessine	Halogen	p	Solid	Tennessee (USA)	Tennessee	Salt-forming, highly electronegative oxidizer	No stable isotopes	2010 JINR/ORNL
118	Og	Oganesson	Noble gas	p	Solid	Yuri Oganessian	Yuri	Inert/closed shell; lighting/cryogenics	No stable isotopes	2002 JINR/LLNL

Codon Synchronization Chapter – SolveForce Communications

Logos Etymon Semantic Elements (118)

Logos Etymon Semantic Table of the Elements

Logos Codex Synchronization: Elements ↔ Codons