ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter): a device that converts an analog signal to a digital representation.
Amplifier: A device that increases the amplitude of an electronic signal.
Amplitude Modulation (AM): A method of transmitting information by varying the amplitude of a carrier wave.
Analog: A type of electronic signal that can take on any value within a specific range.
Antenna: A device that converts electrical energy into electromagnetic waves and vice versa.
Bandwidth: The range of frequencies occupied by a signal or circuit.
Capacitor: A passive device that stores electric charge.
Circuit: A closed path through which electric current flows.
Crystal oscillator: A type of oscillator that uses the mechanical resonance of a quartz crystal to generate a precise frequency.
DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter): a device that converts a digital signal to an analog representation.
Decoupling capacitor: A capacitor used to suppress unwanted high-frequency noise in a circuit.
Digital Signal Processing (DSP): The use of digital processing techniques to manipulate and analyze analog signals.
Digital: An electronic signal that can take on only discrete values, such as 0 or 1.
Diode: A two-terminal electronic component that allows current to flow in only one direction.
EMI (Electromagnetic Interference): Unwanted electromagnetic energy that can disrupt the operation of electronic devices.
Encryption: The process of converting plaintext into coded or unreadable form to prevent unauthorized access.
FET (Field-Effect Transistor): a transistor that uses an electric field to control the current flow.
Flip-flop: a type of circuit that can store a state.
Frequency Modulation (FM): A method of transmitting information by varying carrier wave frequency.
Gain: The ratio of output to input in an amplifier or other circuit.
IC (Integrated Circuit): A set of electronic circuits on a small flat piece of semiconductor material that can perform various functions such as amplification, oscillation, and switching.
IGBT (Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor): a type of transistor that combines the features of a FET and a bipolar junction transistor.
Inductor: A passive device that stores energy in a magnetic field.
Logic family: A group of electronic logic gates or devices that use a similar technology.
Logic gates: fundamental building blocks of digital logic.
Microcontroller: A compact integrated circuit that contains a processor, memory, and peripheral interfaces for controlling electronic devices.
Microprocessor: A compact integrated circuit that contains a central processing unit (CPU) and other components needed for a computer or other device to function.
Modem: A device that modulates and demodulates signals for communication over a telephone or other communication line.
MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor FET): a type of FET with a metal gate electrode separated from the semiconductor by an oxide insulating layer.
Op-Amp (Operational Amplifier): a type of amplifier with high voltage gain and low output impedance.
Oscillator: A circuit that generates a repetitive electronic signal.
PCB (Printed Circuit Board): A board made of insulating material with conductive pathways printed on it to connect electronic components.
Phase Modulation (PM): A method of transmitting information by varying the phase of a carrier wave.
PN Junction: a junction between p-type and n-type semiconductors
Power supply: A device that converts electrical energy from one form to another, such as AC to DC.
Pulse-width modulation (PWM): A method of controlling an analog circuit by adjusting the width of pulses.
Resistor: A passive device that resists the flow of electric current in a circuit.
RF (Radio Frequency): The range of frequencies used for radio communication and other applications.
RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification): A method of identifying and tracking objects using radio waves.
Sampling: The process of measuring the value of a signal at regular intervals.
Schottky diode: a diode with low forward voltage drop and fast switching.
Semiconductor: A material with electrical conductivity between a conductor and an insulator.
Signal: A representation of a quantity, such as a voltage or current, varies with time or space.
Synchronization: The process of coordinating the timing of events in a circuit or system.
Transceiver: A device that can transmit and receive signals.
Transistor: A three-terminal electronic component that can be used to amplify or switch electronic signals.
Transistor-transistor logic (TTL): A digital logic that uses transistors to switch between the logic levels of 0 and 1.
Waveform: The shape of an electrical signal over time.
