Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol used by computers to map an IP address to a physical address, such as a MAC address. ARP is used on Ethernet networks and other network types that support hardware addresses.
When a computer sends an IP packet to another computer on the same network, it first checks its ARP table to see if it has an entry for the destination IP address. If so, it will send the packet directly to the destination’s MAC address. If not, it will broadcast an ARP request onto the network asking for the MAC address of the machine with that IP address. The machine with that IP address will respond with its MACaddress, and then both machines will update their ARP tables accordingly. From then on, they can communicate directly with each other without having to go through this process again.
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