Fiber optics is a technology that uses thin, flexible strands of glass or plastic to transmit light. The light signals can carry information, which makes fiber optics an important part of communications systems. Fiber optics is also used in medical imaging and lighting applications.

Fiber optic cables are made up of many tiny glass or plastic fibers. Each fiber is about the width of a human hair. The fibers are arranged in a bundle, and they are surrounded by a protective coating. Light travels through the fibers by bouncing off the walls at an angle so that it reflects from one side to the other without leaving the cable core material itself. This process is called total internal reflection (TIR).

The amount of data that can be transmitted using fiber optics depends on several factors including:

-the number of individual fibers in the cable 
-the type(s) of modulation used 
-the bandwidth (or range of frequencies) carried by each individual fiber 

Multimode step-index optical fiber has lower bandwidth than single mode optical fiber but can support much longer distances due to its larger core diameter which allows for many different paths for light rays to take while still remaining within the narrow confines of the core itself.

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