The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a computer communications protocol for initiating, maintaining, and terminating real-time sessions that include voice, video, and messaging applications. SIP is based on request/response transactions, in an equivalent manner to the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). A SIP transaction consists of a request that invokes a particular method or function on the server and at least one response.

SIP was designed to be independent of the underlying transport layer protocols. It can run over Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), or any other transport layer protocol. For this reason, SIP is often referred to as being application-layer agnostic.

While most popular VoIP services today use SIP as their signaling protocol, there are many other protocols available including H.323 and Skype Connect which are proprietary protocols used by specific vendors.

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