A hub network, also known as a star network, is a type of network topology where all devices are connected to a central hub or switch. In this topology, each device communicates directly with the central hub, which then manages the data traffic and forwards it to the appropriate destination. Hub networks are commonly used in Ethernet LAN (Local Area Network) setups.
Key characteristics of a hub network include:
- Centralized Connectivity: The central hub serves as a focal point for all communication in the network. It is responsible for routing data between devices and managing data flow.
- Point-to-Point Communication: Devices in a hub network communicate directly with the hub, which then facilitates communication between devices by forwarding data to the intended recipient.
- Easy to Manage: Hub networks are relatively simple to set up and manage. Adding or removing devices typically involves connecting or disconnecting them from the hub.
- Scalability Limitations: Hub networks can become congested if too many devices are connected to the hub, leading to reduced performance. As more devices are added, the hub’s capacity may become a bottleneck.
- Single Point of Failure: The central hub is a single point of failure. If the hub malfunctions, the entire network can be affected.
- Isolation of Devices: Devices in a hub network are not directly connected to each other. Communication between devices has to go through the central hub.
- Collision Domain: In Ethernet hub networks, all devices share the same collision domain. This means that if two devices try to transmit data at the same time, a collision can occur, leading to data loss. This limitation is mitigated in modern networks by using switches, which create separate collision domains.
- Limited Security: Hub networks offer limited security because all data transmitted through the network is visible to all connected devices.
Hub networks were commonly used in the past when Ethernet technology was less advanced and switches were not as prevalent. However, with the advent of switch-based networks that offer better performance, scalability, and security, hub networks have become less common. Switches are able to create separate collision domains for devices, enhancing network efficiency and reliability.