The word communication originates from Latin roots meaning “to share” or “to make something common.” Etymologically, communication signifies the exchange of information, thoughts, or ideas between individuals or groups, often with the intent of creating understanding.
Etymological Breakdown:
1. Latin: communicatio
- Meaning: “sharing,” “imparting,” “communication”
- From:
- com- = “together” or “with”
- munus = “gift,” “service,” or “duty”
Communicatio in Latin referred to the act of sharing something with others, particularly the exchange of gifts, ideas, or information.
2. Latin Verb: communicare
- Meaning: “to share,” “to make common,” “to communicate”
- From com- (together) + munus (gift or service)
- Communicare meant to make something common among others or to share something, whether it was material goods or information.
3. Old French: comunication
- Borrowed directly from Latin communicatio
- Used to describe the act of exchanging ideas, information, or goods between people, or the process of making something accessible or shared with others.
4. Middle English: communication (14th century)
- Derived from Old French comunication and Latin communicatio
- Initially used to refer to:
- Verbal exchange of ideas
- The process of making something common or accessible to others through speech, writing, or behavior
Literal Meaning:
Communication = “The act of sharing or exchanging information”
→ The exchange of thoughts, ideas, data, or messages between individuals or groups in order to create understanding or coordinate action.
Expanded Usage:
1. Verbal / Spoken Communication:
- Speech or conversation in which ideas, feelings, or information are shared (e.g., “A clear communication of ideas in the meeting”)
- Public speaking: The act of conveying information or ideas to a large audience (e.g., “political communication”)
2. Written Communication:
- Writing to share or exchange information (e.g., “email communication,” “written reports”)
- Literary communication: The use of written words to convey meaning or tell stories (e.g., “books, articles, letters”)
3. Non-verbal Communication:
- Body language: Conveying information through gestures, posture, or facial expressions
- Sign language: A formal system of communication using gestures and visual signs to express meaning
4. Digital / Technological Communication:
- Communication via technology: The exchange of information through electronic devices such as email, text messages, social media, and video calls
- Telecommunication: The transmission of information over long distances through electronic means (e.g., “telephone communication,” “satellite communication”)
5. Interpersonal / Social Communication:
- Social interaction: Exchanging information, ideas, or emotions with others (e.g., “communication in relationships,” “group discussions”)
- Conflict resolution: Using communication to resolve disagreements or reach understanding
6. Mass Communication:
- Media or broadcasting: Communicating with a large audience through television, radio, or the internet (e.g., “news communication,” “advertisement communication”)
- Public relations: The management of communication between an organization and its public (e.g., “PR communication strategies”)
7. Philosophical or Intellectual Communication:
- Sharing knowledge: The process of conveying abstract or complex concepts (e.g., “academic communication,” “philosophical discourse”)
- Rhetorical communication: The use of language to persuade or influence an audience (e.g., “political speeches,” “debates”)
Related Words and Cognates:
| Word | Root Origin | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Communicate | Latin communicare | The act of sharing or imparting information |
| Community | Latin communis | A group of people sharing common interests or goals |
| Commune | Latin communis | A place or group where resources or ideas are shared |
| Common | Latin communis | Shared by all or most people, ordinary or usual |
| Communication | Latin communicatio | The process or act of exchanging information |
Metaphorical Insight:
Communication is the bridge between individual minds, the means by which ideas and thoughts are transferred and shared, forming the basis for understanding, cooperation, and connection. It allows for the exchange of meanings, transforming internal thoughts into shared knowledge. Whether through speech, writing, technology, or non-verbal cues, communication is the foundation of social interaction and collective progress.