Common Local Exchange Carrier Terminology – SolveForce Fiber Internet, Cloud Computing & Telecommunications

5G (Fifth Generation): A new wireless communication standard that is designed to provide faster speeds, lower latency, and increased capacity for cellular networks.
ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation): A type of PCM that uses a smaller number of bits per sample and differential encoding to reduce the bandwidth required to transmit audio signals.
AIN (Advanced Intelligent Network): A type of telecommunications network that uses intelligent signaling to provide advanced services, such as call forwarding and caller ID.
ALI (Automatic Location Identification): A service that automatically provides the location of a telephone caller to the PSAP, so that emergency services can be dispatched to the correct location.
AMR (Adaptive Multi-Rate): A speech codec that is designed for use in mobile communication systems, commonly used in GSM and 3G cellular networks.
AMR-WB (Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband): A speech codec that is designed for use in 3G cellular networks and it is a wideband codec.
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode): A cell-based networking technology that is used to transport high-bandwidth data, such as video and audio, over digital networks.
Bandwidth: The amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given period of time, typically measured in bits per second (bps).
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): A protocol that is used to route traffic between different autonomous systems (AS) in the Internet.
BRI (Basic Rate Interface): A type of ISDN service that provides a lower-bandwidth connection and fewer channels than a primary rate interface (PRI)
Bullet Point List All Local Exchange Carrier Terminology and Related Definitions.
CALEA (Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act): A U.S federal law that requires telecommunications companies to design their networks and services in a way that makes it easier for law enforcement agencies to conduct surveillance with a court order.
CAP (Carrier Access Provider) : A carrier that provides access to its network to other telecommunications companies, allowing them to offer services to their customers.
Carrier Identification Code (CIC): a code assigned to a carrier by the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA) to identify the carrier responsible for a specific telephone number or service.
Carrier-of-Last-Resort (COLR): A telecommunications carrier that is required to provide service to customers in a specific area, typically in areas that are not served by other carriers.
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access): A wireless communication technology that is used in some 2G and 3G cellular networks, it uses spread-spectrum techniques to allow multiple users to share the same frequency band simultaneously.
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access): A wireless communication technology that uses spread-spectrum techniques to allow multiple users to share the same frequency band simultaneously.
CLEC-C (Competitive Local Exchange Carrier – Commercial): A CLEC that provide telephone services to commercial customers
CLEC-P (Competitive Local Exchange Carrier – Provider): A CLEC that provide telephone services to residential customers
CLLI (Common Language Location Identifier): A code that is used to identify a specific location in a telecommunications network, such as a central office or a remote terminal.
CNAM (Caller ID Name): The name associated with a phone number that is displayed on the caller ID of the person receiving the call.
CNIS (Caller ID Number Identification Service) : A service that allows the caller ID name and number to be displayed on the phone of the person receiving the call.
CODEC (COder/DECoder): A device or software that is used to compress and decompress digital audio and video data for transmission or storage.
Competitive Local Exchange Carrier (CLEC): A LEC that competes with ILECs for local phone service customers.
CPE (Customer Premises Equipment) : The equipment, such as a telephone or router, that is located on the customer’s premises and used to access the telecommunications network.
CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing): A technology that allows multiple optical signals to be transmitted over a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths of light for each signal, but with less frequency channels than DWDM.
DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications): A standard for wireless communication that is used for cordless phones and other applications.
Dedicated Access: A method of connecting calls between different telecommunications networks, typically involving a dedicated connection between the networks.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): A protocol used to assign IP addresses and other network settings to devices on a network automatically.
DNS (Domain Name System): A hierarchical and decentralized naming system for devices and services connected to a network, such as the internet.
DS0: A digital signal with a capacity of 64 kbps, commonly used for voice or low-speed data transmissions.
DS1: A digital signal with a capacity of 1.544 Mbps, commonly used for high-speed data transmissions or to carry multiple DS0 signals.
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): A technology that uses existing copper telephone lines to provide high-speed internet access.
Duplex: A communication technology that allows data to be transmitted in both directions simultaneously.
DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing): A technology that allows multiple optical signals to be transmitted over a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths of light for each signal.
E911 (Enhanced 911): An enhanced version of the traditional 911 emergency call service that includes the caller’s location information.
E-911: An enhanced version of 911 service that includes location information from the caller, regardless of whether the call is made from a landline or a mobile device.
ECC (Emergency Call Center): A call center that is dedicated to handling emergency calls, such as 911 calls.
Echo Cancellation: A technique used to remove any echo that is present in a voice or audio transmission, typically caused by a delay in the transmission path.
EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol): A Cisco proprietary routing protocol that uses advanced metrics to calculate the best path to a destination network.
E-NNI (Ethernet Network-to-Network Interface): A type of interface used to interconnect different providers’ Ethernet networks, allowing them to exchange traffic.
eSIM (Embedded SIM): A SIM card that is embedded into a device, typically a smartphone, it allows the device to be connected to a cellular network without the need for a physical SIM card.
ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute): An independent, not-for-profit organization that develops and publishes telecommunications standards for Europe.
EVRC (Enhanced Variable Rate Codec): A speech codec that is designed for use in CDMA2000 cellular networks and it is a low-bitrate codec.
FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing): A wireless communication technology that uses different frequency bands for the uplink and downlink.
FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access): A wireless communication technology that divides the frequency band into multiple channels and assigns a specific channel to each user.
Firewall: A security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules and policies.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol): A protocol used to transfer files between devices on a network or over the internet.
FTTB (Fiber to the Building): A technology that provides high-speed internet access by running a fiber-optic cable to a central location within a multi-tenant building, such as an apartment building or office complex, and then using existing copper or coaxial cables to connect to individual customers.
FTTN (Fiber to the Node): A technology that provides high-speed internet access by running a fiber-optic cable to a central location, such as a street cabinet, and then using existing copper telephone lines to connect to individual customers.
FTTP (Fiber to the Premises): A technology that provides high-speed internet access by running a fiber-optic cable directly to the customer’s premises.
G.711: A standard for Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) audio codecs, used in traditional PSTN and VoIP communication for uncompressed voice data.
G.722: A standard for wideband audio codecs, used in VoIP communication for high-quality voice data.
G.723: A standard for low-bitrate audio codecs, used in VoIP communication for low-bandwidth voice data.
G.726: A standard for audio codecs that uses Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) method, used in VoIP communication for low-bandwidth voice data.
G.728: A standard for low-delay audio codecs, used in VoIP communication for low-latency voice data.
G.729: A standard for audio codecs that uses Conjugate Structure Algebraic-Code-Excited Linear Prediction (CS-ACELP) method, used in VoIP communication for low-bandwidth and low-latency voice data.
GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation): A protocol that encapsulates one network protocol within another, allowing a variety of network protocols to be transmitted over another network protocol.
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications): A digital mobile communication standard that is widely used in Europe, Asia, and other parts of the world.
H.248 (Megaco/H.248): A standard protocol used to control multimedia gateways in a network and it is based on the MGCP and MEGACO protocols.
H.323: A suite of protocols used for real-time audio, video, and data communications over IP networks, commonly used for video conferencing and VoIP calls.
HD (Half Duplex): A communication technology that allows data to be transmitted in both directions, but not simultaneously.
HFC (Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial): A technology that uses a combination of fiber-optic and coaxial cables to provide high-speed internet access.
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure): A version of the HTTP protocol that is used to transmit data securely over the internet, typically used for online transactions and other sensitive information.
IDS (Intrusion Detection System): A security system that monitors network traffic and analyzes it for signs of suspicious activity, such as unauthorized access or malware.
ILBC (Internet Low Bitrate Codec): An open-source voice codec that is designed for low-bandwidth and low-latency communication, commonly used in VoIP and web conferencing applications.
IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity): A unique number that is assigned to each mobile device and is used to identify it in the network.
IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity): A unique number that is assigned to each mobile subscriber and is used to identify and authenticate them in the network.
Incumbent LEC (ILEC): A LEC that was providing service in a specific area before the Telecommunications Act of 1996, which deregulated the telecommunications industry.
Interconnection: The process by which different telecommunications companies connect their networks to allow for the transfer of calls and data between them.
International roaming: The ability of a mobile device to connect to different networks while traveling abroad.
Interoperability: The ability of different systems, devices, or applications to work together and exchange information seamlessly.
IoT (Internet of Things): A network of interconnected devices that are able to collect and share data, it allows everyday objects to be connected to the internet and to each other.
IP (Internet Protocol): The protocol used to route and deliver data over a network, such as the internet.
IPS (Intrusion Prevention System): A security system that monitors network traffic and analyzes it for signs of suspicious activity, and then takes action to block or prevent the activity.
IPSec (Internet Protocol Security): A protocol suite that provides authentication and encryption of IP packets.
IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4): The fourth version of the Internet Protocol, which uses 32-bit addresses.
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6): The sixth version of the Internet Protocol, which uses 128-bit addresses and is intended to replace IPv4 due to the IPv4 address depletion.
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network): A set of communication standards for simultaneously transmitting voice, video, and data over digital telephone lines or optical fibers.
IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System): A routing protocol that is used in large service provider networks and it supports both IP and ISO protocols.
ITU (International Telecommunication Union): A specialized agency of the United Nations that is responsible for coordinating telecommunication operations and services throughout the world.
IXC (Interexchange Carrier): A telecommunications company that provides long-distance service, connecting customers to other telephone exchanges outside of their local area.
Jitter: The variation in delay of packet arrival in a network, it can cause audio and video to become choppy and can cause communication problems.
L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol): A protocol used to support virtual private networks (VPNs) and it allows the use of a carrier protocol, such as IP, to carry the traffic of multiple virtual connections.
LAN (Local Area Network): A network that connects devices within a small geographic area, such as a home, office, or building.
LATA (Local Access and Transport Area): A geographic region defined by the FCC for the purpose of regulating the provision of telephone service, typically consisting of one or more MSAs.
Latency: The time it takes for a packet of data to be transmitted from one end of a network to the other, it can cause delays in audio and video communication.
LD-CELP (Low-Delay Code Excited Linear Prediction): A speech codec that is designed for use in low-delay communication, such as satellite and mobile communication systems.
LEC (Local Exchange Carrier): A telecommunications company that provides local telephone service to a specific geographic area.
LEC Terminology Definitions
LEC-C (Local Exchange Carrier – Commercial) : A LEC that provide telephone services to commercial customers
LECM (Local Exchange Carrier Monitoring): The process of monitoring the performance of LECs to ensure compliance with regulations and service quality standards.
LEC-P (Local Exchange Carrier – Provider) : A LEC that provide telephone services to residential customers
LEC-R (Local Exchange Carrier – Reseller) : A LEC that resells telephone services provided by other LECs.
LIDB (Line Information Database): A database that stores information about telephone numbers, including the name and address associated with the number, and is used for caller ID and other services.
LNP (Local Number Portability): The ability of customers to retain their phone number when switching to a different telecommunications provider.
Local Exchange Carrier (LEC): A telecommunications company that provides local phone service to a specific geographic area.
Local Loop: The physical connection between a customer’s premise and the nearest central office switch.
LRN (Location Routing Number): A unique number assigned to each central office switch in a telecommunications network, used to route calls and data.
LTE (Long-Term Evolution): A 4G wireless communication standard that is designed to increase the capacity and speed of cellular networks.
M2M (Machine-to-Machine): Communication between devices or machines, it allows devices to communicate with each other without human intervention.
MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol): A protocol used to control voice gateways and IP-PBXs in a VoIP network.
MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output): A wireless communication technology that uses multiple antennas to transmit and receive signals, increasing the capacity and reliability of the wireless link.
MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service): A service that allows users to send and receive multimedia messages, such as images, videos, and audio recordings, over a cellular network.
MNO branding: The branding and marketing of mobile services provided by a mobile network operator (MNO)
MNO business model: A business model in which a company owns and operates a wireless communication network and provides mobile services to customers.
MNO customer base: The customers of a mobile network operator (MNO)
MNO differentiation: The ways in which a mobile network operator (MNO) differentiates its services from those of other operators.
MNO infrastructure: The physical and technical infrastructure that is owned and operated by a mobile network operator (MNO) for the provision of mobile services.
MNO market: The market for mobile network operators (MNOs)
MNO pricing: The pricing of mobile services provided by a mobile network operator (MNO)
MNO regulation: The regulation of mobile network operators (MNOs) by government or regulatory bodies.
MNO services: Mobile services provided by a mobile network operator (MNO)
MNO spectrum: The radio frequency spectrum that is allocated to mobile network operators (MNOs) for the provision of mobile services.
MNO strategy: The strategy of a mobile network operator (MNO) for providing mobile services and competing in the market.
Mobile Network Operator (MNO): A company that owns and operates a wireless communication network, it provides mobile services such as voice, data, and messaging to customers.
Mobile virtual network operator (MVNO): A company that provides mobile services but does not own the network infrastructure, it leases network capacity from a traditional mobile network operator.
MOS (Mean Opinion Score): A measure of the perceived quality of a speech or audio transmission, rated on a scale from 1 to 5, with 5 being the best quality.
MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching): A type of data-carrying technique for high-performance telecommunications networks that directs data from one network node to the next based on short path labels rather than long network addresses.
MSA (Metropolitan Statistical Area): A geographic region that is defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for use in the collection, tabulation, and presentation of federal statistics.
MSAG (Master Street Address Guide) : A database that contains information about street addresses, including the correct spelling of the street name, the type of street (e.g. street, avenue, etc.), and the range of addresses on the street. It is used to validate and standardize addresses for emergency services and other applications.
MSC (Mobile Switching Center): A system that is responsible for switching and routing calls between mobile devices and networks.
MVNO agreement: An agreement between a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) and a traditional mobile network operator (MNO) that allows the MVNO to provide mobile services using the MNO’s network.
MVNO branding: The branding and marketing of mobile services provided by a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO)
MVNO business model: A business model in which a company provides mobile services without owning the network infrastructure, they lease network capacity from a traditional mobile network operator.
MVNO customer base: The customers of a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO)
MVNO differentiation: The ways in which a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) differentiates its services from those of a traditional mobile network operator (MNO).
MVNO market: The market for mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs)
MVNO pricing: The pricing of mobile services provided by a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO)
MVNO regulation: The regulation of mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) by government or regulatory bodies.
MVNO services: Mobile services provided by a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO)
MVNO strategy: The strategy of a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) for providing mobile services and competing in the market.
NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT): A Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology that is designed for IoT devices that require low data rates and long battery life.
NECA (National Exchange Carrier Association): A non-profit organization that represents LECs and IXCs in the United States, and is responsible for the administration of the Federal-State Joint Board on Universal Service and other regulatory matters.
NENA (National Emergency Number Association): A professional organization that represents the interests of those involved in the emergency services sector of the telecommunications industry, including 911 centers and Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs).
NFV (Network Function Virtualization): A technology that allows network functions, such as routers, firewalls, and load balancers, to be implemented in software running on standard servers, rather than in dedicated hardware devices.
Noise Reduction: A technique used to reduce background noise in a voice or audio transmission, typically caused by interference or other external factors.
NPA (Numbering Plan Area): A geographic region in the North American Numbering Plan that is assigned a specific three-digit code, also known as an area code.
NPA-NXX: The Numbering Plan Area (NPA) and the Central Office Code (NXX) used in the North American Numbering Plan to identify specific telephone exchanges.
NTP (Network Time Protocol): A protocol used to synchronize the clocks of devices on a network to a reference time source.
NXX: The three-digit code following the NPA code in a telephone number that identifies the specific central office switch that serves the number.
NXX-X (NXX Exchange): The three-digit code and an additional digit following the NPA code in a telephone number that identifies the specific central office switch and the type of service that serves the number.
OCN (Operating Company Number): An identification number assigned to a telecommunications carrier by the FCC to identify the carrier that is responsible for a specific telephone number or service.
OCN (Operating Company Number): An identification number assigned to a telecommunications carrier by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to identify the carrier that is responsible for a particular telephone number or service.
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing): A method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies. It is used in many wireless communication standards, such as Wi-Fi, 4G, and 5G, to increase the capacity and reliability of the wireless link.
Opus: An open-source, royalty-free audio codec that is designed for high-quality and low-latency communication, commonly used in VoIP, web conferencing, and online gaming applications.
OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model: a conceptual framework that is used to describe the functions of a networking or telecommunication system, it consists of 7 layers, which include physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers.
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First): A routing protocol that calculates the shortest path to a destination network.
Packet Loss: The number of packets that are not successfully transmitted or received in a network, it can cause audio and video to become choppy and can cause communication problems.
PCM (Pulse Code Modulation): A digital representation of an analog signal in which the magnitude of the signal is sampled regularly at uniform intervals and then quantized to a series of digital values.
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PON (Passive Optical Network): A type of fiber-optic access network that uses unpowered optical splitters to connect multiple customers to a single optical fiber.
POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service): Refers to the traditional analog telephone service that has been used for many years, and that is still available in many areas.
PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol): A communications protocol used to establish a direct connection between two nodes over a serial link or other network.
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol): A protocol used to support virtual private networks (VPNs) and it allows the use of a carrier protocol, such as IP, to carry the traffic of a single virtual connection.
PRI (Primary Rate Interface): A type of ISDN service that provides a higher-bandwidth connection and more channels than a basic rate interface (BRI)
PSAP (Public Safety Answering Point): An emergency call center that receives 911 calls and dispatches emergency services.
PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network): The traditional circuit-switched telephone network that carries voice and fax traffic.
PTT (Push-to-Talk): A feature that allows users to initiate a voice call by pressing a button or key, commonly used in walkie-talkie and two-way radio communication.
QoS (Quality of Service): A set of technologies and techniques used to manage and prioritize network traffic to ensure that certain types of traffic receive preferential treatment over others.
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service): A networking protocol that is used to manage user authentication, authorization, and accounting for network access.
RCS (Rich Communication Services): A set of features that enhances traditional SMS and MMS services, such as group chat, file sharing, and video calling.
RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol): A protocol used to remotely access and control a computer’s desktop over a network.
Resale: The practice of a CLEC purchasing wholesale access to an ILEC’s network and then reselling it to customers as a retail service.
RIP (Routing Information Protocol): A distance-vector routing protocol that distributes routing information within a single autonomous system (AS) in a IP network.
Roaming agreement: A formal agreement between two or more mobile network operators that allows their customers to use each other’s networks while roaming.
Roaming bundle: A package of services that is offered at a discounted rate for roaming customers.
Roaming charge: Additional charges that may apply when a mobile device is used on a foreign network.
Roaming management: The process of managing and monitoring the usage of roaming services, typically done by a mobile network operator or an enterprise IT department.
Roaming optimization: Techniques used to improve the performance, quality, and cost-effectiveness of roaming services, typically done by a mobile network operator or a third-party provider.
Roaming partner: A mobile network operator with whom another operator has a roaming agreement.
Roaming policy: The rules and regulations that govern the use of roaming services, typically set by a mobile network operator or a regulatory authority.
Roaming profile: The settings and configurations applied to a mobile device when connected to a foreign network.
Roaming rate: The rate that applies to the usage of services on a foreign network.
Roaming: The ability of a mobile device to connect automatically to different networks while maintaining the same service and phone number.
Ronald Legarski LEC: Local Exchange Carrier at SolveForce.
RTCP (Real-time Transport Control Protocol): A protocol used in conjunction with RTP to control and monitor real-time media sessions.
RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol): A protocol used to transmit real-time data, such as audio and video, over a network.
RTP/SAVPF (Real-time Transport Protocol/ Secure RTP Profile): A protocol used to secure media streams in RTP.
RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol): A protocol to control multimedia data streaming over a network, typically for streaming video and audio.
SCCP (Skinny Call Control Protocol): A Cisco proprietary protocol used to control IP phones and other devices in a VoIP network.
SD (Simplex): A communication technology that allows data to be transmitted in only one direction.
SDN (Software-Defined Networking): A network architecture that uses software to control network devices’ configuration and operation rather than manually configuring them.
SIM (Subscriber Identity Module): A small card that contains a unique identification number, security information, and storage for contacts and other data, used in GSM and other cellular networks to identify and authenticate a subscriber.
SIM card cloning: The unauthorized duplication of a SIM card, typically done for fraudulent purposes.
SIM card disposal: The process of safely disposing of SIM cards that are no longer in use, typically done to protect against data breaches or other security threats.
SIM card fraud: The use of fraudulent or stolen SIM cards for unauthorized access to a mobile network or for other malicious purposes.
SIM card lock: A security feature that prevents a SIM card from being used in other devices.
SIM card management: The process of managing and maintaining SIM cards, typically done by a mobile network operator or an enterprise IT department.
SIM card personalization: The process of customizing a SIM card with specific settings and configurations, typically done by a mobile network operator or a third-party provider.
SIM card provisioning: The process of configuring and activating a SIM card, typically done by a mobile network operator or a third-party provider.
SIM card registration: The process of registering a SIM card with a mobile network operator is typically done when a SIM card is first activated or inserted into a new device.
SIM card replacement: The process of replacing a lost, stolen, or damaged SIM card, typically done by a mobile network operator or a third-party provider.
SIM card security: Measures taken to protect SIM cards from unauthorized access, data breaches, or other security threats.
SIM card swap: The unauthorized replacement of a SIM card, typically done for fraudulent purposes.
SIM card unlock: The process of removing a SIM card lock, typically done by a mobile network operator or a third-party provider.
SIM card: A small card that contains a unique identification number, security information, and storage for contacts and other data, used in GSM and other cellular networks to identify and authenticate a subscriber.
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol): A protocol used to establish, modify, and terminate multimedia sessions such as voice and video calls over IP networks.
SIP-Trunk: A technology that allows Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phone systems to connect with the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) via Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
SMS (Short Message Service): A service that allows users to send and receive text messages of up to 160 characters in length over a cellular network.
SMS aggregator: A company that provides SMS gateway services to other businesses, typically on a large scale.
SMS Firewall: A system used to monitor and control SMS traffic in a network, typically used to prevent spam, fraud, or other malicious activities.
SMS gateway API: An application programming interface that allows developers to integrate SMS gateway functionality into their own applications or systems.
SMS gateway hardware: A specialized device that provides SMS gateway functionality, typically used for high-volume or real-time applications.
SMS gateway integration: The process of integrating SMS gateway functionality into other systems or applications, typically achieved through the use of APIs or middleware.
SMS gateway monitoring: The performance and status of SMS gateway systems and networks, typically used for troubleshooting and optimization purposes.
SMS gateway platform: A platform that provides a suite of tools and services for managing and integrating SMS gateway functionality, typically used by SMS aggregators or enterprise customers.
SMS gateway redundancy: The ability of SMS gateway systems to continue operating in case of a failure or outage, typically achieved through the use of multiple systems or data centers.
SMS gateway scalability: The ability of SMS gateway systems to handle an increasing volume of SMS messages without a decrease in performance, typically achieved through the use of load balancing or cloud-based technologies.
SMS gateway security: Measures taken to protect SMS gateway systems and networks from unauthorized access, data breaches, or other security threats.
SMS gateway service: A service provided by a third-party company that allows users to send and receive SMS messages through a web interface or an API.
SMS gateway software: An application that provides SMS gateway functionality, typically running on a server or a cloud-based platform.
SMS gateway: A system that allows other networks or applications to send and receive SMS messages through a cellular network.
SMS hub: A system that routes SMS messages between networks and SMS gateways.
SMSC (Short Message Service Center): A system that is responsible for routing and delivering SMS messages between mobile devices and networks.
SMSC connector: A system that connects an SMSC to other networks or systems, typically used for routing or interworking purposes.
SMSC emulator: A system that emulates the functionality of an SMSC, typically used for testing or development purposes.
SMSC gateway: A system that connects an SMSC to other networks or systems, typically used for routing or interworking purposes.
SMSC load balancer: A system that distributes the load of SMS messages across multiple SMSCs.
SMSC proxy: A system that acts as an intermediary between an SMS gateway and an SMSC, typically used for security or routing purposes.
SMSC router: A system that routes SMS messages between SMSCs.
SMSC simulator: A system that simulates the functionality of an SMSC, typically used for testing or development purposes.
SMSC transcoder: A system that converts SMS messages between different formats or protocols, typically used for interworking between different networks or systems.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): A protocol used to send and receive email messages over the internet.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): A protocol used to manage and monitor network devices, such as routers, switches, and servers.
SONET (Synchronous Optical Network): A standard for transmitting digital signals over optical fiber using TDM.
SONET (Synchronous Optical Network): A standard for transmitting digital signals over optical fiber using time-division multiplexing (TDM).
Speex: An open-source, royalty-free audio codec designed for low-bandwidth and low-latency communication, commonly used in VoIP, web conferencing, and online gaming applications.
SS7 (Signaling System 7): A signaling protocol that is used in the PSTN to set up, manage, and terminate telephone calls.
SSH (Secure Shell): A network protocol used to securely log into a remote device and execute commands on that device.
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer): A security protocol that establishes an encrypted link between a web server and a browser.
Switched Access: A method of connecting calls between different telecommunications networks, typically involving the use of a central office switch.
T1 (T-1): A telecommunications circuit that uses DS1 signaling to transmit data at a rate of 1.544 Mbps.
T-1: A telecommunications circuit that uses DS1 signaling to transmit data at a rate of 1.544 Mbps.
T3 (T-3): A telecommunications circuit that uses DS3 signaling to transmit data at a rate of 44.736 Mbps.
T-3: A telecommunications circuit that uses DS3 signaling to transmit data at a rate of 44.736 Mbps.
TACACS (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System): A security protocol that is used to manage user authentication and authorization for network access.
Tandem Switch: A switch that connects multiple central office switches in a telecommunications network.
TDM (Time Division Multiplexing): A method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the channel into time slots and allocating each signal to a different time slot.
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access): A wireless communication technology that divides the time into multiple slots and assigns a specific slot to each user.
Telnet: A protocol used to remotely access and manage network devices, such as routers and servers, using a command-line interface.
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol): A simplified version of FTP that is used to transfer files between devices on a local network.
Title II: The section of the Communications Act of 1934 regulates common carriers, including telephone companies, and is used to enforce regulations on LECs and IXCs.
Title III: The section of the Communications Act of 1934 that regulates radio and television broadcasters and cable television systems.
Title VI: The section of the Communications Act of 1934 that regulates all interstate and foreign communications by wire and radio, including the regulation of internet service providers (ISPs).
TLS (Transport Layer Security): A security protocol that is used to establish an encrypted link between a web server and a browser.
TRS (Telecommunications Relay Service): A service that allows people who are deaf, hard of hearing, or speech-impaired to communicate with people who can hear over the telephone.
UNE (Unbundled Network Element): The ILEC must make a telecommunications network component available to CLECs at a regulated rate.
USF (Universal Service Fund): A fund established by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to ensure that all Americans have access to affordable telecommunications services, including telephone service and broadband internet access.
USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data): A protocol that sends text-based messages between a mobile phone and an application or service provider.
VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network): A logical grouping of network devices that are not physically connected to the same network segment but are configured to act as if they were.
VNC (Virtual Network Computing): A remote access and control protocol that allows users to remotely access and control a computer’s desktop over a network.
Voice Quality: The overall sound quality of a voice or audio transmission, including factors such as clarity, volume, and naturalness.
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol): A technology that allows voice traffic to be transmitted over a data network like the Internet.
VoLTE (Voice over Long-Term Evolution): A technology that allows voice calls to be transmitted over a 4G LTE data network, providing high-definition voice quality and faster call setup times.
VPLS (Virtual Private LAN Service): A type of MPLS-based VPN that allows multiple sites to be connected as if they were on the same LAN.
VPN (Virtual Private Network): A private network created over a public network, such as the internet, and is used to securely connect remote devices and networks.
WAN (Wide Area Network): A network that connects devices over a large geographic area, such as a city, state, or country.
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network): A type of LAN that uses wireless technology, such as Wi-Fi, to connect devices.

This concludes the list of Local Exchange Carrier Terminology and related definitions. I hope it helps you understand the various technical terms and technologies used in telecommunications. Let me know if there’s anything else that you need help with.