Types of Electrical Motors, Terminology and their relative definitions:
- AC motor – A type of motor that runs on alternating current (AC) power.
- Armature – The rotating part of a DC motor that carries the current.
- Back-EMF – The voltage generated in a motor as it rotates, which opposes the applied voltage.
- Brushless DC motor – A type of DC motor that uses electronic commutation instead of brushes.
- Commutator – A component in a DC motor that reverses the current in the rotor coils to maintain rotation.
- DC motor – A type of motor that runs on direct current (DC) power.
- Efficiency – The ratio of output power to input power in a motor, typically measured as a percentage.
- Field – The part of a motor that generates the magnetic field.
- Ground fault – A type of electrical fault where the current in a motor flows through the ground instead of the intended path.
- Induction motor – A type of AC motor that uses electromagnetic induction to generate torque.
- Inertia – The resistance of a mechanical system to changes in its motion.
- Load – The mechanical system that a motor is connected to and drives.
- Motor – A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
- Motor air gap – The small space between the stator and rotor of a motor.
- Motor Axial flux motor – A type of Permanent Magnet motor where the rotor and stator are arranged in an axial configuration, resulting in a compact and high-torque design.
- Motor base speed – The minimum speed at which a motor can operate without losing torque or stalling.
- Motor bearing – The mechanical components that support the rotor and allow it to rotate smoothly.
- Motor brake – A mechanical or electrical component that stops the rotation of the motor.
- Motor breakdown torque – The maximum torque that a motor can produce before it fails.
- Motor brushless DC motors – A type of DC motor that uses electronic commutation instead of brushes, which results in higher efficiency and longer life.
- Motor brushless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (BLDC) – A type of motor that uses electronic commutation instead of brushes and Permanent magnets to generate the excitation of the stator field.
- Motor brushless servo motors – A type of servo motor that uses electronic commutation instead of brushes, resulting in higher efficiency and longer life.
- Motor cage rotor – A type of rotor design that uses conductive bars or “cages” to form the rotor in a motor, typically used in induction motors.
- Motor constant current – The current output of a motor that remains constant over a range of speed.
- Motor constant power – The power output of a motor that remains constant over a range of speed.
- Motor constant torque – The torque output of a motor that remains constant over a range of speed.
- Motor controller – An electronic device that controls the speed, torque, and direction of a motor.
- Motor cooling – The process of removing heat generated by the motor to maintain a safe operating temperature.
- Motor coreless motor – A type of motor that doesn’t have a laminated iron core in its rotor or stator, typically used in micro-motors.
- Motor coreless servo motors – A type of servo motor that doesn’t have a laminated iron core in its rotor or stator, typically used in micro-motors and precision positioning systems.
- Motor coupling – The mechanical component that connects the motor to the load and transmit the torque.
- Motor current control – A method of controlling the speed and torque of a motor by adjusting the current flowing through the windings.
- Motor current controller – A control system that regulates the current flowing through the windings of a motor to control its speed and torque.
- Motor current-source inverter (CSI) – A type of inverter used to control the speed and torque of an AC motor by manipulating the current supplied to the motor.
- Motor d-axis current – The current flowing through the d-axis winding of a motor, which is related to the torque produced by the motor.
- Motor Direct Drive Linear Motor – A type of linear motor that connects the load directly to the rotor, eliminating the need for gears or other mechanical transmission components.
- Motor direct drive motor – A type of motor that connects the load directly to the rotor of the motor, eliminating the need for gears or other mechanical transmission components.
- Motor direct torque control – A method of controlling the torque of a motor by directly measuring the torque and flux rather than the stator current.
- Motor drive – An electronic device that converts the input power to the motor into a form that the motor can use.
- Motor duty cycle – The pattern of operation of a motor, including the duration and frequency of start, stop, and running.
- Motor eddy current brake – A type of braking system that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert kinetic energy into heat and slow down the motor.
- Motor efficiency class – An international standard that classifies the efficiency of motors based on their performance and energy consumption.
- Motor enclosure – The housing that surrounds the motor and protect it from dust, debris, moisture, and other environmental factors.
- Motor energy efficiency – The ratio of the output power to the input power of a motor, typically measured as a percentage.
- Motor field weakening control – A method of controlling the speed of a motor by reducing the stator flux and increase the rotor speed.
- Motor field-orientation – The process of aligning the rotor flux vector with the d-axis to achieve maximum torque control in a motor.
- Motor field-oriented control (FOC) – A method of controlling the torque and speed of a motor by manipulating the stator current, typically used in AC motors.
- Motor field-weakening – The process of decreasing the stator flux in a motor to increase its speed beyond the base speed.
- Motor flux – The flow of the magnetic field within a motor.
- Motor flux control – A method of controlling the speed and torque of a motor by adjusting the flux produced by the stator.
- Motor flux observer – A mathematical algorithm used to estimate the flux in a motor without the use of sensors.
- Motor flux weakening control – A method of controlling the speed of a motor by reducing the stator flux and increasing the rotor speed, typically used in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM).
- Motor frame – The structural component that holds the different parts of the motor together.
- Motor harmonic distortion – The deviation of the current waveform from a pure sine wave, caused by the non-linear loads and can affect the power quality and efficiency of the motor.
- Motor Hybrid Excitation Permanent Magnet (Hex-PM) – A type of Permanent Magnet motor that uses both permanent magnets and external field excitation to generate the magnetic field in the stator, resulting in improved efficiency and power density.
- Motor Hybrid Linear Motor – A type of linear motor that combines the features of both Permanent magnet and Linear induction motors.
- Motor hybrid motor – A type of motor that combines the features of both AC and DC motors, typically used in electric vehicles.
- Motor hybrid stepper motor – A stepper motor that combines the features of both variable reluctance stepper motors and permanent magnet stepper motors.
- Motor hybrid stepper motor – A stepper motor that combines the features of both variable reluctance stepper motors and permanent magnet stepper motors.
- Motor insulation – The material that surrounds and protect the motor winding from damage.
- Motor Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) – A type of Permanent magnet motor where the magnets are embedded inside the rotor, resulting in a high power-to-weight ratio.
- Motor Interior Permanent Magnet with concentrated windings (IPM-CW) – A type of Permanent magnet motor with concentrated windings in stator and rotor resulting in high power density and improved thermal performance.
- Motor Ironless Linear Motor – A type of linear motor that doesn’t have a laminated iron core in its rotor or stator, resulting in lower inertia and higher precision.
- Motor Ironless motor – A type of coreless motor, where the rotor and stator have no iron core, resulting in lower inertia and higher precision.
- Motor Linear Actuator – An actuator that provides linear motion, typically used in precision positioning systems and industrial automation.
- Motor linear actuator – An actuator that provides linear motion, typically used in precision positioning systems.
- Motor Linear Coreless Motor – A type of linear motor that doesn’t have a laminated iron core in its rotor or stator, resulting in lower inertia and higher precision.
- Motor Linear Eddy Current Brake – A type of linear braking system that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert kinetic energy into heat and slow down the motion of the motor.
- Motor Linear Hybrid Excitation Permanent Magnet (Hex-PM) – A type of Permanent Magnet linear motor that uses both permanent magnets and external field excitation to generate the magnetic field in the stator, resulting in improved efficiency and power density.
- Motor Linear Hybrid Motor – A type of linear motor that combines the features of both AC and DC linear motors, typically used in precision positioning systems and industrial automation.
- Motor Linear Induction Motor (LIM) – A type of linear motor that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to generate linear motion, typically used in high-speed transportation systems.
- Motor Linear Interior Permanent Magnet with concentrated windings (IPM-CW) – A type of Permanent magnet linear motor with concentrated windings in stator and rotor resulting in high power density and improved thermal performance.
- Motor linear motor – A type of motor that provides linear motion instead of rotary motion, typically used in precision positioning systems.
- Motor Linear Permanent Magnet Motor (LPM) – A type of linear motor that uses permanent magnets to generate the magnetic field and produce linear motion.
- Motor Linear Servo Motor – A type of linear motor that uses feedback control to accurately position the load and achieve high precision.
- Motor linear stepper motor – A stepper motor that provides linear motion instead of rotary motion, typically used in precision positioning systems.
- Motor Linear Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet with slotted stator and concentrated windings (SPMSM-CW) – A type of Permanent magnet linear motor with slotted stator and concentrated windings resulting in high power density and improved thermal performance.
- Motor Linear Switched Reluctance Motor (LSRM) – A type of linear motor that uses the principle of magnetic reluctance to generate linear motion and is controlled by switching the stator windings on and off.
- Motor Linear Switched Reluctance Motor (LSRM) – A type of linear motor that uses the principle of magnetic reluctance to generate linear motion and is controlled by switching the stator windings on and off.
- Motor Linear Synchronous Motor (LSM) – A type of linear motor that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to generate linear motion and is controlled by adjusting the stator current.
- Motor Linear Torque Density – The ratio of torque output to the volume or weight of a linear motor, used to measure the performance of a linear motor.
- Motor Linear Torque Ripple – The fluctuation of the torque output of a linear motor caused by variations in the stator current and rotor position.
- Motor Linear Voice Coil Motor – A type of linear motor that uses the Lorentz force law to generate linear motion and is typically used in precision positioning systems.
- Motor load test – The process of measuring the performance of a motor by applying a load to it and measuring the current, voltage, and power.
- Motor load torque – The torque required to overcome the resistance of the load on the motor.
- Motor locked rotor torque – The torque that a motor produces when it is not rotating, also known as stall torque.
- Motor maintenance – The regular inspection and upkeep of a motor to ensure proper operation and extend its lifespan.
- Motor nameplate – The label attached to the motor that provides information such as the manufacturer, model number, power rating, voltage, and current.
- Motor observer-based control – A control method that uses mathematical algorithms to estimate the internal states of a motor and control its operation.
- Motor Permanent Magnet excited Synchronous Motor – A type of motor that uses Permanent magnets to generate the excitation of the stator field.
- Motor phase – The number of separate electrical circuits in a motor, typically single phase or three phase.
- Motor power cable – The cable that connects the power supply to the motor.
- Motor power factor – The ratio of the real power used by a motor to the apparent power supplied to it.
- Motor power quality – The measure of the voltage, current, and frequency of the power supply that affects the performance of a motor.
- Motor power rating – The maximum power that a motor is capable of producing, typically measured in watts or horsepower.
- Motor protection – A set of devices, such as thermal overload relays, that protect a motor from damage caused by overloading, overheating, and other conditions.
- Motor protection class – The international standard that classifies the degree of protection provided by a motor’s enclosure against various environmental factors.
- Motor pulse-width modulation (PWM) – A technique used to control the speed and torque of a motor by adjusting the width of the pulses of the power supply.
- Motor q-axis current – The current flowing through the q-axis winding of a motor, which is related to the speed of the motor.
- Motor Radial flux motor – A type of Permanent Magnet motor where the rotor and stator are arranged in a radial configuration, resulting in a robust and low-cost design.
- Motor regenerative braking – A method of braking in which the kinetic energy of the motor is converted back to electrical energy and fed back to the power source.
- Motor reluctance motor – A type of motor that uses the principle of magnetic reluctance to generate torque, typically used in stepper motors.
- Motor reluctance rotor – The rotor in a reluctance motor that is designed to minimize the reluctance and maximize the torque.
- Motor reluctance stator – The stator in a reluctance motor that is designed to create a magnetic field that interacts with the rotor to produce torque.
- Motor reluctance torque – The torque produced by a reluctance motor due to the alignment of the rotor and stator magnetic fields.
- Motor rotor flux – The flux produced by the rotor in a motor.
- Motor rotor inductance – The inductance of the rotor windings in a motor, which can affect the performance and efficiency of the motor.
- Motor rotor position – The angular position of the rotor in relation to the stator.
- Motor rotor position estimation – The process of determining the position of the rotor in a motor using sensorless control techniques.
- Motor rotor reactance – The reactance of the rotor windings in a motor, which can affect the performance and efficiency of the motor.
- Motor rotor resistance – The resistance of the rotor windings in a motor, which can affect the performance and efficiency of the motor.
- Motor rotor time constant – The time it takes for the rotor’s flux to reach 63.2% of its final value after a step change in the rotor current.
- Motor running torque – The torque that a motor produces when it is running at its rated speed.
- Motor sensorless control – A method of controlling the speed and torque of a motor without the use of sensors, typically used in brushless DC motors.
- Motor shaft – The rotating component of the motor that transmits the mechanical power to the load.
- Motor shaft power – The power that the motor’s shaft is able to transmit to the load.
- Motor slip energy recovery – A method of recovering the energy lost due to slip in an induction motor by feeding the generated back-EMF back to the power source.
- Motor slip ring – A component in a wound rotor motor that allows the transfer of power to the rotor windings.
- Motor slip speed – The difference between the synchronous speed of a motor and its actual speed.
- Motor speed control – A method of controlling the speed of a motor by adjusting the voltage, frequency, or torque of the power supply.
- Motor squirrel cage rotor – A type of rotor design that uses conductive bars or “cages” to form the rotor in a motor, typically used in induction motors.
- Motor starter – An electronic device that controls the starting and stopping of a motor.
- Motor starter box – A type of enclosure that houses the motor starter and other control components, typically used in industrial applications.
- Motor starter control circuit – The circuit that controls the starting and stopping of a motor, including the use of contactors, relays, and other components.
- Motor starting current – The high current that flows into the motor when it starts, which can be many times higher than the normal running current.
- Motor stator flux – The flux produced by the stator in a motor.
- Motor stator inductance – The inductance of the stator windings in a motor, which can affect the performance and efficiency of the motor.
- Motor stator reactance – The reactance of the stator windings in a motor, which can affect the performance and efficiency of the motor.
- Motor stator resistance – The resistance of the stator windings in a motor, which can affect the performance and efficiency of the motor.
- Motor Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet (SMPM) – A type of Permanent magnet motor where the magnets are attached to the surface of the rotor, resulting in higher torque density and improved thermal performance.
- Motor Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet with slotted stator (SPMSM) – A type of Permanent magnet motor where the magnets are attached to the surface of the rotor and the stator has slotted cores, resulting in a high power-to-weight ratio and improved thermal performance.
- Motor Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet with slotted stator and concentrated windings (SPMSM-CW) – A type of Permanent magnet motor with slotted stator and concentrated windings resulting in high power density and improved thermal performance.
- Motor switched reluctance motor (SRM) – A type of motor that uses the principle of magnetic reluctance to generate torque and is controlled by switching the stator windings on and off.
- Motor Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) – A type of motor that uses the principle of magnetic reluctance to generate torque and is controlled by switching the stator windings on and off.
- Motor synchronizing – The process of matching the speed and phase of a motor with the power supply to achieve smooth and stable operation.
- Motor synchronous speed – The speed at which the rotor of a synchronous motor rotates when it is in perfect synchronism with the stator’s field.
- Motor terminal box – The enclosure that houses the terminals for connecting the power supply to the motor.
- Motor thermal model – A mathematical model that predicts the temperature of a motor based on its operating conditions and environment.
- Motor thermal protection – A system that monitors the temperature of a motor and automatically shut it off to prevent overheating.
- Motor torque constant – The ratio of the torque produced by a motor to the current flowing through its windings.
- Motor torque control – A method of controlling the torque output of a motor by adjusting the voltage or frequency of the power supply.
- Motor torque controller – A control system that regulates the torque produced by a motor to control its speed and power output.
- Motor torque density – The ratio of torque output to the volume or weight of a motor, used to measure the performance of a motor.
- Motor Torque ripple – The fluctuation in torque output of a motor caused by variations in the stator current and rotor position.
- Motor torque ripple – The fluctuation of the torque output of a motor caused by the variations in the stator current and rotor position.
- Motor transient state – The temporary condition of a motor when it is starting or stopping, characterized by high current and voltage fluctuations.
- Motor vector control – A control method that uses advanced algorithms to optimize the performance of a motor by adjusting the voltage and frequency of the power supply.
- Motor vector control algorithm – A set of mathematical equations used to control the speed and torque of a motor in vector control systems.
- Motor vector drive – An electronic drive that controls the speed and torque of a motor using vector control techniques.
- Motor vector sensorless control – A method of controlling the speed and torque of a motor without the use of sensors, typically used in brushless DC motors.
- Motor vibration analysis – The process of measuring the vibration of a motor to detect issues such as bearing wear, misalignment, or imbalance.
- Motor voice coil motor – A type of linear motor, typically used in precision positioning systems, that uses the Lorentz force law to generate motion.
- Motor winding – The coils of wire that are used to generate the magnetic field in a motor.
- Motor winding resistance – The resistance of the motor’s windings, which can affect the efficiency and performance of the motor.
- Motor wound rotor – A type of rotor design that uses windings on the rotor to form the rotor in a motor, typically used in synchronous motors.
- Overheating – The condition when a motor becomes too hot due to high current or high ambient temperature.
- Overload – The condition when a motor is required to produce more torque or power than it is rated for.
- Permanent magnet (PM) motor – A type of motor that uses permanent magnets to generate the magnetic field instead of windings.
- Permanent split capacitor (PSC) motor – A type of motor that uses a single capacitor to generate the magnetic field, which results in energy savings and high efficiency.
- Power – The rate at which energy is transferred by a motor, typically measured in watts (W) or horsepower (hp).
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- Rotor – The rotating part of a motor that is connected to the load.
- Servo motor – A type of motor that is used to control the position of a mechanical system with high precision.
- Short circuit – The condition when the electrical current in a motor bypasses the normal path and flows through an unintended path.
- Slip – The difference between the synchronous speed of a motor and its actual speed, typically measured as a percentage.
- Speed – The rotational speed of a motor, typically measured in revolutions per minute (RPM).
- Stator – The stationary part of a motor that contains the coils and magnets.
- Stepper motor – A type of motor that can rotate in precise increments, typically used in positioning systems.
- Synchronous motor – A type of AC motor that runs at a constant speed, synchronized with the frequency of the power supply.
- Torque – The rotational force produced by a motor.
- Vibration – The oscillation of a mechanical system at a specific frequency.
In summary, these are some of the key terminologies and definitions related to electrical motors. These terms cover a wide range of topics, including motor design, control, operation, and performance. Understanding these terms is important for anyone working with motors, from engineers and technicians to maintenance personnel.