- ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter): a device that converts an analog signal to a digital representation.
- Amplifier: A device that increases the amplitude of an electronic signal.
- Amplitude Modulation (AM): A method of transmitting information by varying the amplitude of a carrier wave.
- Analog: A type of electronic signal that can take on any value within a specific range.
- Antenna: A device that converts electrical energy into electromagnetic waves and vice versa.
- Bandwidth: The range of frequencies occupied by a signal or circuit.
- Capacitor: A passive device that stores electric charge.
- Circuit: A closed path through which electric current flows.
- Crystal oscillator: A type of oscillator that uses the mechanical resonance of a quartz crystal to generate a precise frequency.
- DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter): a device that converts a digital signal to an analog representation.
- Decoupling capacitor: A capacitor used to suppress unwanted high-frequency noise in a circuit.
- Digital Signal Processing (DSP): The use of digital processing techniques to manipulate and analyze analog signals.
- Digital: An electronic signal that can take on only discrete values, such as 0 or 1.
- Diode: A two-terminal electronic component that allows current to flow in only one direction.
- EMI (Electromagnetic Interference): Unwanted electromagnetic energy that can disrupt the operation of electronic devices.
- Encryption: The process of converting plaintext into coded or unreadable form to prevent unauthorized access.
- FET (Field-Effect Transistor): a transistor that uses an electric field to control the current flow.
- Flip-flop: a type of circuit that can store a state.
- Frequency Modulation (FM): A method of transmitting information by varying carrier wave frequency.
- Gain: The ratio of output to input in an amplifier or other circuit.
- IC (Integrated Circuit): A set of electronic circuits on a small flat piece of semiconductor material that can perform various functions such as amplification, oscillation, and switching.
- IGBT (Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor): a type of transistor that combines the features of a FET and a bipolar junction transistor.
- Inductor: A passive device that stores energy in a magnetic field.
- Logic family: A group of electronic logic gates or devices that use a similar technology.
- Logic gates: fundamental building blocks of digital logic.
- Microcontroller: A compact integrated circuit that contains a processor, memory, and peripheral interfaces for controlling electronic devices.
- Microprocessor: A compact integrated circuit that contains a central processing unit (CPU) and other components needed for a computer or other device to function.
- Modem: A device that modulates and demodulates signals for communication over a telephone or other communication line.
- MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor FET): a type of FET with a metal gate electrode separated from the semiconductor by an oxide insulating layer.
- Op-Amp (Operational Amplifier): a type of amplifier with high voltage gain and low output impedance.
- Oscillator: A circuit that generates a repetitive electronic signal.
- PCB (Printed Circuit Board): A board made of insulating material with conductive pathways printed on it to connect electronic components.
- Phase Modulation (PM): A method of transmitting information by varying the phase of a carrier wave.
- PN Junction: a junction between p-type and n-type semiconductors
- Power supply: A device that converts electrical energy from one form to another, such as AC to DC.
- Pulse-width modulation (PWM): A method of controlling an analog circuit by adjusting the width of pulses.
- Resistor: A passive device that resists the flow of electric current in a circuit.
- RF (Radio Frequency): The range of frequencies used for radio communication and other applications.
- RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification): A method of identifying and tracking objects using radio waves.
- Sampling: The process of measuring the value of a signal at regular intervals.
- Schottky diode: a diode with low forward voltage drop and fast switching.
- Semiconductor: A material with electrical conductivity between a conductor and an insulator.
- Signal: A representation of a quantity, such as a voltage or current, varies with time or space.
- Synchronization: The process of coordinating the timing of events in a circuit or system.
- Transceiver: A device that can transmit and receive signals.
- Transistor: A three-terminal electronic component that can be used to amplify or switch electronic signals.
- Transistor-transistor logic (TTL): A digital logic that uses transistors to switch between the logic levels of 0 and 1.
- Waveform: The shape of an electrical signal over time.