The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) is a widely used library classification system that categorizes books, documents, and other materials into subject-based classes. Developed by Melvil Dewey in the late 19th century, the DDC is designed to help libraries organize their collections and facilitate efficient retrieval of materials by users. It remains one of the most common classification systems used in libraries worldwide.
Here are key aspects and features of the Dewey Decimal Classification:
Key Aspects of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC):
- Hierarchical Structure: The DDC employs a hierarchical structure, dividing knowledge into ten major classes, each assigned a numeric range. These major classes are further subdivided into divisions, sections, and subclasses, allowing for increasingly specific categorization.
- Numeric Notation: Each subject category in the DDC is represented by a unique numeric notation. The numbers are structured hierarchically, with more digits indicating greater specificity. For example, “500” represents the general class of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, while “530” represents Physics.
- Decimal Point: The decimal point in the notation system is a critical feature, allowing for finer granularity within a subject. For instance, “530.2” might represent Classical Mechanics, while “530.24” might specify Fluid Mechanics.
- Abridged and Full Editions: Libraries can choose between abridged and full editions of the DDC based on the size and needs of their collections. The abridged edition condenses the system for smaller libraries, while the full edition provides more detailed classification options.
- Revisions and Updates: The DDC is periodically updated and revised to reflect changes in knowledge and emerging subject areas. Libraries and institutions using the system receive updated editions to keep their collections current.
- Universal Applicability: The DDC is versatile and can be applied to a wide range of materials, from books and journals to audiovisual materials and digital resources.
Major Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification:
- 000 – Computer Science, Information, and General Works
- 100 – Philosophy and Psychology
- 200 – Religion
- 300 – Social Sciences
- 400 – Language
- 500 – Natural Sciences and Mathematics
- 600 – Technology (Applied Sciences)
- 700 – Arts and Recreation
- 800 – Literature
- 900 – History and Geography
Within each major class, there are further divisions and subdivisions that provide increasing specificity. For example, the class “500” (Natural Sciences and Mathematics) includes divisions like “510 Mathematics,” “520 Astronomy,” and so on.
The Dewey Decimal Classification system remains a valuable tool for libraries, researchers, and students, allowing them to locate and organize information effectively. While it has evolved over the years to adapt to new fields of knowledge, its core structure and principles have endured, making it a foundational system in library science.