In particle physics, the strong interaction is the mechanism responsible for the strong nuclear force (also called the strong force or nuclear strong force), and is one of the four known fundamental interactions, with the others being electromagnetism, gravity, and weak interaction. The strong interaction binds quarks together to form hadrons such as protons and neutrons. In addition, it governs interactions between these hadrons that are responsible for most of their observed properties – including mass, spin & color charge.
At ordinary energies (i.e., at energies much lower than that characteristic of a typical hadron’s rest mass), nucleons appear to interact via an approximately inverse-square distance-dependent potential; in other words, objects experience a stronger attractive force when they are closer together. This behavior arises from a more fundamental point-like exchange process where energy & momentum are conserved in each individual scattering event but not necessarily on larger length scales or over longer periods of time.
On very small length scales (i) there is evidence that this potential does flatten out somewhat so that at extremely short distances it becomes effectively constant; and (ii) Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD) predicts that as quarks get closer together their effective masses increase due to self-interactions within gluon fields – an effect which also serves to reduce attractions at very short range.
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