The Medium Access Control (MAC) is a sublayer of the data link layer that controls how a computer on a network gains access to the medium and permission to transmit. It defines when and how long each computer can use the medium. The MAC sublayer is responsible for collision detection and avoidance, flow control, error control, media access control, and channel allocation.

The MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to each network interface for communication on the physical network segment. MAC addresses are used as hardware addresses by Ethernet or Wi-Fi devices. A MAC address consists of six bytes, with three bytes usually representing the manufacturer ID number followed by three bytes that represent the device’s serial number within that manufacturer’s product line.

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