The hertz, or cycles per second, is the unit of measurement for frequency. It is named after the German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, who was the first to produce electromagnetic waves in a laboratory setting. The hertz has become the standard unit of measurement for frequency in many fields, including radio and sound waves.

One hertz means that an event repeats once per second. For example, if a tuning fork vibrates at 440 Hz (440 vibrations per second), then it produces a note with a pitch of A above middle C on the piano (the A4 note). Higher frequencies are higher pitches; lower frequencies are lower pitches. The highest frequency that most humans can hear is about 20 kHz; however, everyone has a different genetic makeup.

The range of human hearing that has been studied extends from about 20 Hz up to 20 kHz—a range of ten octaves—but our ears are most sensitive to sounds between 2 kHz and 5 kHz.

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