Common Radio Terminology – SolveForce Fiber Internet, Cloud Computing & Telecommunications

5G (Fifth Generation): The latest generation of wireless communication standards for cellular networks, typically provides even higher data rates and lower latency than 4G, and is expected to enable new use cases such as machine-to-machine communication, the Internet of Things and industrial automation.
ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter): A device that converts an analog signal, such as a radio wave, into a digital signal, typically used in radio receivers to convert the incoming analog signal into a form that can be processed by a digital circuit.
AGC (Automatic Gain Control): A circuit that automatically adjusts the gain of a radio signal to maintain a constant output level, typically used in radio receivers to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio.
AIS (Automatic Identification System): A system that uses VHF radio transmissions to exchange navigation and vessel information, typically used for maritime navigation and safety.
ALC (Automatic Level Control): A circuit that automatically adjusts the level of a radio signal to maintain a constant output power, typically used in radio transmitters to optimize the efficiency of the transmission.
AM (Amplitude Modulation): A method of modulation where the amplitude of a radio wave is varied to carry the information.
Amplifier: A device that increases the amplitude of a radio signal, typically used in radio transmitters and receivers to increase the power and sensitivity of the signal.
Amplitude: The strength or intensity of a radio wave, measured in decibels (dB).
Antenna Array 2D Radiation Pattern: The graphical representation of the radiation pattern of an antenna in two dimensions, typically used to visualize the directionality and sidelobe level of the antenna.
Antenna Array 3D Radiation Pattern: The graphical representation of the radiation pattern of an antenna in three dimensions, typically used to visualize the directionality and sidelobe level of the antenna.
Antenna Array 5G Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems, typically high-frequency, high-gain and wideband.
Antenna Array Active Antenna: An antenna that contains active electronic components such as amplifiers and phase shifters, typically used to increase the gain, directivity, and reconfigurability of the antenna.
Antenna Array Active Antenna: An antenna that includes active electronic components such as amplifiers and phase shifters to improve the performance and efficiency of the antenna.
Antenna Array Adaptive Antenna: An antenna that can adapt its radiation pattern and other characteristics to optimize its performance for specific applications or environments, typically achieved by using advanced signal processing algorithms.
Antenna Array Adaptive Antenna: The use of advanced signal processing algorithms to adjust the radiation pattern, frequency, or polarization of the antenna based on the surrounding environment, typically used to improve the performance and efficiency of wireless systems.
Antenna Array Adaptive Array: An antenna array that uses advanced signal processing algorithms to adjust the radiation pattern, frequency, or polarization based on the surrounding environment, typically used to improve the performance and efficiency of wireless systems.
Antenna Array Aperture: A type of antenna array that uses an aperture to collect the radiated energy, typically used for satellite and microwave communication systems.
Antenna Array Applications: The various fields and industries that use antennas, such as telecommunications, broadcasting, navigation, radar, remote sensing, and scientific research.
Antenna Array Array Factor: A mathematical expression that describes the radiation pattern of an antenna array, typically determined by the amplitude and phase of the individual antenna elements and the array configuration.
Antenna Array Azimuth Pattern: The graphical representation of the radiation pattern of an antenna in the azimuth plane, typically used to visualize the directionality and sidelobe level of the antenna in the horizontal direction.
Antenna Array Bandwidth: The range of frequencies over which the antenna can operate, typically used to determine the versatility of the antenna.
Antenna Array Beamforming Antenna: The use of advanced signal processing algorithms to steer the radiation pattern of the antenna in a specific direction, typically used to improve the range and capacity of wireless systems.
Antenna Array Beamforming/Steering Algorithms: The method used to control the phase and amplitude of the individual elements in an antenna array to create a specific radiation pattern or beam, typically used for beamforming and beamsteering. Some common algorithms include the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR), least mean square (LMS) and recursive least squares (RLS).
Antenna Array Beamforming: The process of adjusting the amplitude and phase of the individual antenna elements to steer the radiation pattern of an antenna array in a specific direction, typically used to improve the range and capacity of wireless systems.
Antenna Array Beamforming: The process of controlling the phase and amplitude of the individual elements in an antenna array to create a specific radiation pattern or beam, typically used to increase the gain and directivity of the array.
Antenna Array Beamsteering: The process of controlling the phase and amplitude of the individual elements in an antenna array to steer the beam in a specific direction, typically used to track a moving target or to increase the coverage area of the array.
Antenna Array Bi-directional Antenna: An antenna that is designed to transmit and receive signals in both directions, typically used in applications such as mobile base stations and satellite communication systems.
Antenna Array Bluetooth Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in Bluetooth wireless communication systems, typically low-power, low-cost, and small in size.
Antenna Array Boresight: The direction of maximum gain of an antenna, typically used as a reference for measuring and aligning the radiation pattern of the antenna.
Antenna Array Calibration: The process of measuring and adjusting the individual antenna elements’ amplitude and phase, typically done to improve the performance and mutual coupling of the antenna array.
Antenna Array Calibration: The process of measuring and adjusting the parameters of an antenna array, such as the phase and amplitude of the individual elements, to optimize the performance of the array.
Antenna Array Channel Equalization: The process of compensating for the distortion caused by the wireless communication channel, typically used to improve the performance of wireless systems.
Antenna Array Channel Estimation: The process of estimating the characteristics of the wireless communication channel, such as the path loss, fading, and multipath, typically used to improve the performance of wireless systems.
Antenna Array Cognitive Radio: A type of wireless communication system that uses advanced signal processing algorithms and machine learning techniques to adapt its communication parameters to the changing environment and to opportunistically use the available spectrum, typically used for spectrum sensing and dynamic spectrum allocation.
Antenna Array Connectors: The connectors used to connect antennas to transmission lines and other components, typically chosen based on factors such as frequency, power handling, and durability.
Antenna Array Demodulation: The process of separating the individual signals from an antenna array, typically done using advanced signal processing algorithms.
Antenna Array Dipole Antenna: A simple antenna that consists of two metal rods or wires, typically used in applications such as amateur radio and wireless local area networks.
Antenna Array Directivity: The ability of the antenna to focus the radiated energy in a specific direction, typically measured in dB and used to determine the gain of the antenna.
Antenna Array Diversity Antenna: The use of multiple antennas at the same location to improve the reliability and performance of wireless systems, typically achieved by using different types of antennas such as space, polarization, and frequency diversity.
Antenna Array Diversity Array: An antenna array that uses multiple antennas at the same location to improve the reliability and performance of wireless systems, typically achieved by using different types of antennas such as space, polarization, and frequency diversity.
Antenna Array Diversity: A technique that uses multiple antennas to improve the quality and reliability of a radio communication system, typically used to reduce the effects of fading and interference by selecting the best signal among multiple antennas.
Antenna Array EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power): The measure of the total power radiated by an antenna in all directions, typically used to determine the maximum range and coverage of an antenna.
Antenna Array Elevation Pattern: The graphical representation of the radiation pattern of an antenna in the elevation plane, typically used to visualize the directionality and sidelobe level of the antenna in the vertical direction.
Antenna Array ERP (Effective Radiated Power): The measure of the total power radiated by an antenna in a specific direction, typically used to determine the gain of an antenna.
Antenna Array F/B Ratio (Front-to-Back Ratio): The ratio of the power radiated in the front direction to the power radiated in the back direction, typically used to measure the directivity and sidelobe level of the antenna.
Antenna Array F/R Ratio (Front-to-Rear Ratio): The ratio of the power radiated in the front direction to the power radiated in the rear direction, typically used to measure the directivity and sidelobe level of the antenna.
Antenna Array Fabrication: The process of building and manufacturing antennas, typically achieved by using different techniques such as wire bonding, soldering, welding, 3D printing, and photolithography.
Antenna Array Factor: The mathematical representation of the radiation pattern of an antenna array, typically used to predict the performance of the antenna array.
Antenna Array Far Field: The region of the electromagnetic field radiated by the antenna far away from it, typically where the radiation pattern can be accurately measured and predicted.
Antenna Array Feed Network: The network of elements that connects the individual antenna elements to the transmitter or receiver, typically used to adjust the amplitude and phase of the individual elements to control the radiation pattern and sidelobe level of the antenna array.
Antenna Array Frequency Hopping Antenna: The ability to change the operating frequency of the antenna quickly to avoid interference and improve the security of wireless systems.
Antenna Array Frequency Hopping Array: An antenna array that can change its operating frequency quickly to avoid interference and improve the security of wireless systems.
Antenna Array Fresnel Zone: The region around the line of sight between the transmitter and receiver, typically where the electromagnetic waves can be affected by the refraction and diffraction and can cause fading and multipath effects.
Antenna Array Gain: The ability of the antenna to amplify the radiated energy, typically measured in dB and used to determine the directivity of the antenna.
Antenna Array GPS (Global Positioning System) Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in GPS navigation systems, typically low-power, low-cost, and small in size.
Antenna Array Helix Antenna: An antenna that is shaped like a helix, typically used in applications such as satellite communication and radar systems.
Antenna Array Holographic Antenna: The use of holographic techniques to create complex and multi-functional antenna patterns, typically used in advanced communication systems and radars.
Antenna Array HPBW (Half-Power Beamwidth): The angular width of the radiation pattern where the power is half of the maximum, typically used to measure the directivity of the antenna.
Antenna Array Hybrid Beamforming Antenna: The use of both digital and analog beamforming techniques to improve the performance and flexibility of wireless systems.
Antenna Array Hybrid Beamforming Array: An antenna array that uses both digital and analog beamforming techniques to improve the performance and flexibility of wireless systems.
Antenna Array Impedance: The electrical resistance of an antenna, typically measured in ohms and used to match the impedance of the antenna to the transmission line to ensure maximum power transfer.
Antenna Array Installation: The process of mounting and positioning antennas in a specific location, typically achieved by using different techniques such as pole mounting, wall mounting, and tripod mounting.
Antenna Array Interference Cancellation Antenna: The use of advanced signal processing algorithms to cancel the interference caused by other wireless systems, typically used to improve the performance and reliability of wireless systems.
Antenna Array Interference Cancellation Array: An antenna array that uses advanced signal processing algorithms to cancel the interference caused by other wireless systems, typically used to improve the performance and reliability of wireless systems.
Antenna Array Interference Cancellation: A technique used to reduce the effect of interference on the signals received by an antenna array, typically achieved by using advanced signal processing algorithms and spatial filtering.
Antenna Array IoT (Internet of Things) Actuator Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in IoT actuator devices, typically low-power, low-cost, and small in size.
Antenna Array IoT (Internet of Things) Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in Internet of Things (IoT) devices and applications, typically low-power, low-cost and small in size.
Antenna Array IoT (Internet of Things) Application Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in specific
Antenna Array IoT (Internet of Things) Gateway Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in IoT gateway devices, typically high-gain, and wideband.
Antenna Array IoT (Internet of Things) Sensor Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in IoT sensor devices, typically low-power, low-cost, and small in size.
Antenna Array Leaky Wave Antenna: A type of antenna that uses a leaky waveguide to generate a radiation pattern, typically used for satellite and microwave communication systems.
Antenna Array Lens Antenna: An antenna that uses a lens to focus the electromagnetic waves to improve the directivity and gain of the antenna.
Antenna Array Lens Array: An antenna array that uses a lens to focus the electromagnetic waves to improve the directivity and gain of the array.
Antenna Array Lens: A type of antenna array that uses a lens to focus the radiated energy, typically used for microwave and millimeter wave communication systems.
Antenna Array Log-Periodic Antenna: An antenna that is designed to cover a wide frequency range by using a logarithmically tapered array of elements, typically used in applications such as television and radio broadcast.
Antenna Array Loop Antenna: A simple antenna that consists of a loop of wire or metal, typically used in applications such as amateur radio and radio direction finding.
Antenna Array LoRa (Long Range) Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in LoRa wireless communication systems, typically low-power, low-cost, and long-range.
Antenna Array LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in LoRaWAN wireless communication systems, typically low-power, low-cost, and long-range.
Antenna Array LOS (Line of Sight): The direct path between the transmitter and receiver, typically where the electromagnetic waves can travel without being affected by the refraction and diffraction.
Antenna Array LPWAN (Low-Power Wide-Area Network) Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in LPWAN wireless communication systems, typically low-power, low-cost, and long-range.
Antenna Array Maintenance: The process of checking, cleaning, and repairing antennas, typically done to ensure the performance and longevity of the antenna.
Antenna Array Materials: The materials used to construct antennas, such as metal, plastic, ceramics, and composites, typically chosen based on factors such as cost, weight, durability, and performance.
Antenna Array Metasurface: A thin layer of artificial materials that can manipulate the electromagnetic waves in a controlled way, typically used for beamforming and beamsteering.
Antenna Array Microstrip Antenna: An antenna that is printed on a thin substrate, typically used in applications such as mobile communication, GPS, and satellite systems.
Antenna Array Microstrip: A type of antenna array that is made up of a large number of microstrip antennas, typically used for low-cost and low-profile applications.
Antenna Array MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) Antenna: The use of multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver to improve the data rate and reliability of wireless systems, typically achieved by using spatial multiplexing and beamforming techniques.
Antenna Array MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) Array: An antenna array that uses multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver to improve the data rate and reliability of wireless systems, typically achieved by using spatial multiplexing and beamforming techniques.
Antenna Array MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output): A technique used to increase the capacity and reliability of wireless communication systems by using multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver, typically used in wireless communication systems that use the spatial domain to increase the data rate.
Antenna Array MIMO-CDMA (Multiple Input Multiple Output-Code Division Multiple Access): A wireless communication technique that uses multiple antennas and CDMA to increase the capacity and reliability of wireless communication systems.
Antenna Array MIMO-FDMA (Multiple Input Multiple Output-Frequency Division Multiple Access): A wireless communication technique that uses multiple antennas and FDMA to increase the capacity and reliability of wireless communication systems.
Antenna Array MIMO-OFDM (Multiple Input Multiple Output-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing): A wireless communication technique that uses multiple antennas and OFDM to increase the capacity and reliability of wireless communication systems.
Antenna Array MIMO-SDMA (Multiple Input Multiple Output-Space Division Multiple Access): A wireless communication technique that uses multiple antennas and SDMA to increase the capacity and reliability of wireless communication systems.
Antenna Array MIMO-TDMA (Multiple Input Multiple Output-Time Division Multiple Access): A wireless communication technique that uses multiple antennas and TDMA to increase the capacity and reliability of wireless communication systems.
Antenna Array mmWave Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless communication systems, typically high-frequency, high-gain and small in size.
Antenna Array Mobile Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in mobile devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops, typically low-power, low-cost, and small in size.
Antenna Array Modeling and Simulation: The process of designing and simulating the performance of antennas using computer software, typically used to optimize the design of antennas and predict their performance in different environments.
Antenna Array Monopole Antenna: A simple antenna that consists of a single metal rod or wire, typically used in applications such as mobile communication and GPS systems.
Antenna Array Mutual Admittance: The effect of the electrical admittance of the individual antenna elements on each other, typically caused by the close proximity of the elements and can be reduced by using advanced array design techniques.
Antenna Array Mutual Capacitance: The effect of the mutual capacitance between the individual antenna elements on each other, typically caused by the close proximity of the elements and can be reduced by using advanced array design techniques.
Antenna Array Mutual Conductance: The effect of the mutual conductance between the individual antenna elements on each other, typically caused by the close proximity of the elements and can be reduced by using advanced array design techniques.
Antenna Array Mutual Coupling: The effect of the electromagnetic fields between the individual antenna elements on each other, typically caused by the close proximity of the elements and can affect the radiation pattern and sidelobe level of the antenna array.
Antenna Array Mutual Coupling: The effect of the electromagnetic fields of the individual antenna elements on each other, typically caused by the close proximity of the elements and can be reduced by using advanced array design techniques.
Antenna Array Mutual Impedance: The effect of the electrical impedance of the individual antenna elements on each other, typically caused by the close proximity of the elements and can be reduced by using advanced array design techniques.
Antenna Array Mutual Inductance: The effect of the mutual inductance between the individual antenna elements on each other, typically caused by the close proximity of the elements and can be reduced by using advanced array design techniques.
Antenna Array Near Field: The region of the electromagnetic field radiated by the antenna close to it, typically where the radiation pattern can be affected by the physical structure of the antenna and the environment.
Antenna Array NFC (Near Field Communication) Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in NFC wireless communication systems, typically low-power, low-cost, and small in size.
Antenna Array Non-Radiating Sources: The use of non-radiating sources, such as near-field sources, to create complex and multi-functional antenna patterns, typically used in advanced communication systems and radars.
Antenna Array Null Steering: The process of steering the radiation pattern of an antenna array to create nulls or areas of low radiation in specific directions, typically used to reduce interference and improve the performance of wireless systems.
Antenna Array Omni-directional Antenna: An antenna that is designed to radiate and receive signals in all directions, typically used in applications such as wireless local area networks and mobile communication systems.
Antenna Array Optimization: The process of improving the performance of antennas by adjusting the design parameters, typically done using optimization algorithms and computer simulations.
Antenna Array Packaging: The process of protecting and enclosing antennas, typically achieved by using different materials such as plastic, metal, and ceramics.
Antenna Array Passive Antenna: An antenna that does not contain active electronic components, typically used for low-cost and low-power applications.
Antenna Array Passive Antenna: An antenna that does not include active electronic components and relies on the passive properties of the materials and design to radiate and receive electromagnetic waves.
Antenna Array patch Antenna: An antenna that consists of a patch of metal or conductor on a substrate, typically used in applications such as mobile communication and GPS systems.
Antenna Array Phased Array Antenna: A type of antenna array that uses a large number of small antennas and phase shifters to steer the beam, typically used for radar and wireless communication systems.
Antenna Array Phased Array Antenna: An antenna that uses multiple individual antenna elements and phase shifters to steer the radiation pattern in a specific direction.
Antenna Array Phased Array: An antenna array that uses multiple individual antenna elements and phase shifters to steer the radiation pattern in a specific direction.
Antenna Array PIFA (Planar Inverted-F Antenna) : A planar antenna that is shaped like an inverted-F, typically used in applications such as mobile communication and GPS systems.
Antenna Array Planar Antenna: An antenna that is designed to be mounted on a flat surface, typically used in applications such as mobile communication and GPS systems.
Antenna Array Polarization Pattern: The graphical representation of the polarization of the radiation pattern of an antenna, typically used to visualize the linear, circular, or elliptical polarization of the antenna.
Antenna Array Polarization: The orientation of the electric field in the radiated wave, typically linear, circular, or elliptical, and used to determine the directionality of the antenna.
Antenna Array Radiation Efficiency: The fraction of the input power that is radiated by the antenna, typically used to measure the performance of the antenna.
Antenna Array RCS (Radar Cross Section): The measure of the ability of an object to reflect radar waves, typically used to determine the stealthiness of an object and can be reduced by using advanced antenna array design techniques.
Antenna Array Reconfigurability: The ability of an antenna to change its radiation pattern, frequency, or polarization, typically achieved by using advanced signal processing algorithms and reconfigurable components.
Antenna Array Reconfigurable Antenna: An antenna that can change its radiation pattern and other characteristics in response to changing conditions, typically achieved by using reconfigurable antenna elements or phase shifters.
Antenna Array Reconfigurable Antenna: An antenna that can change its radiation pattern, frequency, or polarization through electronic or mechanical means.
Antenna Array Reconfigurable Array: An antenna array that can change its radiation pattern, frequency, or polarization through electronic or mechanical means.
Antenna Array Reconfigurable Metamaterial: The use of metamaterials, which are artificially engineered materials with special electromagnetic properties, in reconfigurable antennas to change their radiation pattern, frequency, or polarization.
Antenna Array Recycling: The process of properly disposing of antennas, typically done to ensure that the materials used in the antenna are recycled or disposed of in an environmentally-friendly manner.
Antenna Array Reflectarray: A type of antenna that uses a reflecting surface to steer the beam, typically used for satellite and microwave communication systems.
Antenna Array Reflector Antenna: An antenna that uses a reflector to redirect the electromagnetic waves to improve the directivity and gain of the antenna.
Antenna Array Reflector Array: An antenna array that uses a reflector to redirect the electromagnetic waves to improve the directivity and gain of the array.
Antenna Array Reflector: A type of antenna array that uses a reflecting surface to focus the radiated energy, typically used for satellite and microwave communication systems.
Antenna Array Regulations: The rules and guidelines set by international and national organizations for the design, testing, and use of antennas, typically used to ensure the safety, security, and compatibility of different antenna systems.
Antenna Array Research and Development: The process of studying, designing and developing new antenna technologies, typically done to improve the performance, efficiency and functionality of the antenna.
Antenna Array Resonant Frequency: The frequency at which the antenna is most efficient, typically determined by the physical dimensions and material properties of the antenna.
Antenna Array Return Loss: The ratio of the power reflected back to the power transmitted, typically used to measure the impedance match of the antenna to the transmission line.
Antenna Array RF (Radio Frequency) Safety: The process of ensuring that the radio frequency (RF) energy emitted by antennas does not exceed the safe limits, typically done to protect the health of people and the environment.
Antenna Array RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in RFID wireless communication systems, typically low-power, low-cost, and small in size.
Antenna Array SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar): A radar system that uses synthetic aperture to improve resolution, typically used for imaging and mapping applications.
Antenna Array Satellite Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in satellite communication systems, typically high-gain, high-frequency, and capable of operating in a wide range of frequencies.
Antenna Array Self-Interference Cancellation Antenna: The use of advanced signal processing algorithms to cancel the interference caused by the same wireless system, typically used in Full-Duplex systems.
Antenna Array Self-Interference Cancellation Array: An antenna array that uses advanced signal processing algorithms to cancel the interference caused by the same wireless system, typically used in Full-Duplex systems.
Antenna Array Sidelobe: A lobe of the radiation pattern that is not the main lobe, typically caused by the interference of the individual antenna elements and can be reduced by using advanced array design techniques.
Antenna Array Sigfox Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in Sigfox wireless communication systems, typically low-power, low-cost, and long-range.
Antenna Array Simulation: The process of simulating the performance of antennas using computer software, typically used to predict the performance of antennas in different environments and to optimize the design of antennas.
Antenna Array Slot Antenna: An antenna that consists of a slot in a metal surface, typically used in applications such as radar and wireless local area networks.
Antenna Array Smart Antenna Security: The process of securing the wireless communication systems that use smart antennas, typically done to protect the system from unauthorized access, interference, and jamming.
Antenna Array Smart Antenna Systems: A system that uses advanced signal processing algorithms and multiple antennas to improve the performance of wireless communication systems, typically used for beamforming, beamsteering, interference cancellation, and MIMO systems.
Antenna Array Smart Antenna: An antenna array that uses advanced signal processing algorithms to adjust the radiation pattern, frequency, or polarization based on the surrounding environment, typically used to improve the performance and efficiency of wireless systems.
Antenna Array Smart Antenna: An antenna that can change its radiation pattern in response to changing conditions, typically achieved by using reconfigurable antenna elements or phase shifters, and can adapt to the communication environment.
Antenna Array Smart Surface: A surface that is covered with a large number of small antennas, typically used to create a large and reconfigurable antenna array for wireless communication systems.
Antenna Array Spatial modulation: The use of multiple antenna elements to modulate the information in the spatial domain, typically used in MIMO (multiple input multiple output) systems to increase data rate and reliability.
Antenna Array Spiral Antenna: An antenna that is shaped like a spiral, typically used in applications such as wireless local area networks and satellite communication systems.
Antenna Array Spread Spectrum Antenna: The use of spread spectrum techniques to spread the signal over a wide frequency band to improve the security and capacity of wireless systems.
Antenna Array Spread Spectrum Array: An antenna array that uses spread spectrum techniques to spread the signal over a wide frequency band to improve the security and capacity of wireless systems.
Antenna Array Standards: The guidelines and specifications set by international and national organizations for the design, testing, and use of antennas, typically used to ensure the compatibility and interoperability of different antenna systems.
Antenna Array Synthesis: The process of designing and creating the radiation pattern of an antenna array, typically achieved by adjusting the shape, size, and orientation of the individual antenna elements and the array configuration.
Antenna Array Synthesis: The process of designing and optimizing the radiation pattern, sidelobe level, and mutual coupling of an antenna array, typically done using optimization algorithms and computer simulations.
Antenna Array Synthetic Aperture Sonar: A sonar system that uses synthetic aperture to improve resolution, typically used for imaging and mapping applications.
Antenna Array Synthetic Aperture: A technique used in radar and sonar systems to improve resolution by combining data from multiple antennas, typically achieved by moving the antenna or platform, and processing the data to create a synthetic aperture.
Antenna Array Taper: The distribution of the individual antenna element’s amplitude and phase, typically used to control the radiation pattern and sidelobe level of the antenna array.
Antenna Array Terahertz Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in terahertz (THz) wireless communication systems, typically high-frequency, high-gain and small in size.
Antenna Array Test and Measurement: The process of measuring and testing the performance of antennas, typically achieved by using specialized test equipment such as network analyzers, spectrum analyzers, and antenna measurement systems.
Antenna Array Transparent Antenna: An antenna that is designed to be integrated into windows, screens, or other transparent surfaces, typically used in applications such as smart buildings and vehicles.
Antenna Array Uni-directional Antenna: An antenna that is designed to radiate and receive signals in a specific direction, typically used in applications such as long-range wireless communication and radar systems.
Antenna Array VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio): The ratio of the maximum to minimum voltage on a transmission line, typically used to measure the impedance match of the antenna to the transmission line.
Antenna Array WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in WiFi wireless communication systems, typically low-power, low-cost, and small in size.
Antenna Array WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in WiMAX wireless communication systems, typically high-gain, high-frequency, and capable of operating in a wide range of frequencies.
Antenna Array Yagi Antenna: A uni-directional antenna that uses a reflector and multiple directors to focus the electromagnetic waves in a specific direction, typically used in applications such as television and radio broadcast.
Antenna Array Zigbee Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in Zigbee wireless communication systems, typically low-power, low-cost, and small in size.
Antenna Array Zigbee Smart Energy Profile Antenna: An antenna that is designed for use in Zigbee Smart Energy Profile wireless communication systems, typically low-power, low-cost, and small in size.
Antenna Array: A group of antennas that are used together to achieve a specific radiation pattern or gain, typically used to improve the directionality or gain of a radio communication system.
Antenna Array: An antenna that uses multiple individual antenna elements to improve the performance and flexibility of the antenna.
Antenna Bandwidth: The range of frequencies over which an antenna can effectively transmit or receive radio waves, typically measured in hertz (Hz) or megahertz (MHz).
Antenna Cross-Polarization: The measure of the amount of radio energy that is transmitted or received by an antenna in a polarization other than the intended polarization, typically measured in decibels (dB) and used to determine the immunity of a radio system to interference.
Antenna Directivity: The measure of the ability of an antenna to transmit or receive radio waves in a specific direction, typically measured in decibels (dB) and used to determine the directionality of an antenna system.
Antenna Diversity: A technique that uses multiple antennas to improve the quality and reliability of a radio communication system, typically used to reduce the effects of fading and interference.
Antenna Efficiency: The ratio of the power actually radiated by an antenna to the power supplied to it, typically measured as a percentage.
Antenna Front-to-Back Ratio: The measure of the ratio of the power radiated by an antenna in the forward direction to the power radiated in the opposite direction, typically measured in decibels (dB) and used to determine the directionality of an antenna system.
Antenna Gain: A measure of the ability of an antenna to transmit or receive radio waves, typically measured in decibels (dB).
Antenna Impedance: The measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to the current when a voltage is applied, typically measured in ohms (Ω).
Antenna Isolation: The degree to which an antenna or radio system is isolated from other antennas or radio systems, typically measured in decibels (dB) and used to prevent interference between different systems.
Antenna Matching: The process of adjusting the impedance of an antenna or radio system to optimize the power transfer between the antenna and the radio, typically achieved by using a matching network or device such as an impedance transformer.
Antenna Mutual Coupling: The interaction between two or more antennas, typically measured in decibels (dB) and used to determine the effect of one antenna on the performance of another antenna.
Antenna Noise Figure: The measure of the amount of noise added to a signal by an antenna or radio system, typically measured in decibels (dB) and used to determine the signal-to-noise ratio of a radio receiver.
Antenna Noise Temperature: The measure of the amount of noise generated by an antenna, typically measured in kelvins (K) and used to determine the sensitivity of a radio receiver.
Antenna Pattern Multiplication: The process of combining the radiation patterns of multiple antennas to improve the overall performance of a radio system, typically used to increase the gain or directivity of the system.
Antenna Pattern Reconfigurability: The ability of an antenna to change its radiation pattern in response to changing conditions, typically achieved by using reconfigurable antenna elements or phase shifters.
Antenna Pattern Synthesis: The process of designing and creating the radiation pattern of an antenna, typically achieved by adjusting the shape, size, and orientation of the antenna elements.
Antenna Polarization: The orientation of the electric field of a radio wave, typically vertical or horizontal.
Antenna Radiation Efficiency: The ratio of the power radiated by an antenna to the power supplied to it, typically measured as a percentage and used to determine the overall performance of an antenna system.
Antenna Radiation Pattern: A graphical representation of the way an antenna transmits or receives radio waves in different directions.
Antenna RCS (Radar Cross-Section): The measure of the ability of an object to reflect radar energy, typically measured in square meters (m²) and used to determine the detectability of an object to radar systems.
Antenna Return Loss: The measure of the amount of power reflected back to the source by an antenna or radio system, typically measured in decibels (dB) and used to determine the performance of an antenna system.
Antenna Temperature: The temperature of an antenna, this value is used to determine the noise temperature of the antenna, which is a measure of the noise generated by the antenna.
Antenna VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio): The ratio of the maximum to minimum amplitude of the voltage standing wave along a transmission line, typically used to determine the match between the antenna and the transmission line.
Antenna: A device that is used to transmit or receive radio waves, typically designed to be resonant at a specific frequency or frequency range.
Antenna: A device that transmits or receives radio waves, typically consisting of a metal rod or array of metal rods.
APCO-25 (Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-25): A digital voice and data communication standard for public safety and other professional mobile radio users, typically used in North America.
Bandwidth: The range of frequencies occupied by a radio signal, measured in hertz (Hz).
Beidou: A satellite-based navigation system that is developed and operated by China, it is similar to GPS and Galileo and is expected to provide navigation and positioning services for Asia and the Pacific region.
BER (Bit Error Rate): A measure of the number of errors in a digital signal, typically used to evaluate the performance of a radio communication system.
Bluetooth: A wireless communication protocol that allows devices to connect and exchange data over short distances, typically used for wireless headphones, speakers, keyboards and other personal devices.
Bullet Point List All Radio Terminology and Related Definitions.
CDD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection): A method of multiple access in wireless networks, typically used in wireless local area networks (WLANs) and other short-range wireless communication systems.
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access): A digital cellular communication standard that is widely used in North America and other parts of the world, typically uses the code division multiple access method for multiplexing multiple signals.
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access): A method of multiplexing multiple signals by assigning a unique code to each signal and using spread spectrum techniques to transmit the signals simultaneously on the same frequency.
Channel: A specific range of frequencies that has been allocated for a specific use, such as a telephone conversation or television broadcast.
CNR (Carrier-to-Noise Ratio): A measure of the quality of a radio signal, typically used to evaluate the performance of a radio communication system.
Coaxial Cable: A type of cable used to transmit radio signals, typically made of a central conductor surrounded by an insulating material and a braided or foil shield.
CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance): A method of multiple access in wireless networks, typically used in wireless local area networks (WLANs) and other short-range wireless communication systems.
DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter): A device that converts a digital signal into an analog signal, typically used in radio transmitters to convert the digital information into a form that can be transmitted as a radio wave.
Demodulation: The process of extracting the original information from a modulated radio wave, typically by reversing the process of modulation.
Diplexer: A device that allows two radio signals to be transmitted or received on the same antenna, typically used to separate different frequency bands.
Dipole Antenna: A type of antenna that consist of two conductive elements, typically rod or wire, that are oriented vertically and horizontally to transmit or receive radio waves.
DME (Distance Measuring Equipment): A ground-based navigation system that uses VHF radio transmissions to provide distance information, typically used for aircraft navigation.
DMR (Digital Mobile Radio): A digital voice and data communication standard for professional mobile radio users, typically used in public safety, transportation, and industrial applications.
Doppler Effect: The change in frequency of a radio wave caused by the relative motion of the transmitter, receiver, or reflecting object, typically used to measure the velocity of a moving object.
D-STAR (Digital Smart Technologies for Amateur Radio): An open digital voice and data communication standard for amateur radio users, typically used for voice and data communication, as well as digital data transmission like images and GPS data.
Duplexer: A device that allows a transmitter and a receiver to share the same antenna without interference.
EHF (Extremely High Frequency): A frequency range of radio waves, typically from 30 GHz to 300 GHz.
EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility): The ability of electronic devices and systems to function correctly in the presence of electromagnetic interference, typically tested to ensure compliance with regulatory standards.
EMI (Electromagnetic Interference): Unwanted electromagnetic energy that interferes with the normal operation of electronic devices, typically caused by nearby electrical equipment or power lines.
EnOcean: A wireless communication protocol that uses energy harvesting to power devices, typically used for building automation and other low-power, low-data-rate wireless communication applications.
FDD (Frequency-Division Duplexing): A method of duplexing, or allowing simultaneous two-way communication, in wireless networks, in which the uplink and downlink transmissions occur on different frequency bands.
FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access): A method of multiplexing multiple signals by dividing a radio channel into frequency bands and allocating each band to a different signal.
Filter: A device that passes certain frequencies and rejects others, typically used in radio receivers to remove unwanted noise and interference.
Flat Antenna: A type of antenna that is designed to be thin and flat, typically used for low-profile and conformal applications.
FM (Frequency Modulation): A method of modulation where the frequency of a radio wave is varied to carry the information.
Frequency: The number of oscillations (or cycles) of a radio wave per second, measured in hertz (Hz).
FRS (Family Radio Service): A type of mobile radio service that is available for use by the general public in the United States, typically used for short-distance, two-way voice communication.
Galileo: A satellite-based navigation system that is developed by the European Union and the European Space Agency, it is similar to GPS and is expected to provide more accurate and reliable navigation and positioning services.
Globalstar: A satellite communication network that provides global coverage, typically used for voice and data communication, as well as tracking and emergency services for maritime, aviation, and remote land-based users.
GLONASS: A satellite-based navigation system that is developed and operated by Russia, it is similar to GPS and is expected to provide navigation and positioning services for Russia and other countries in the region.
GMRS (General Mobile Radio Service): A type of mobile radio service that is available for use by the general public in the United States, typically used for short-distance, two-way voice communication.
GPS (Global Positioning System): A satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information, typically used for navigation, tracking, and other location-based services.
Ground Station: A facility that is equipped with the necessary equipment to communicate with a satellite, typically includes a transmitter, receiver, and antenna.
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications): A digital cellular communication standard that is widely used in Europe, Asia, and other parts of the world, typically uses the time-division multiple access (TDMA) method for multiplexing multiple signals.
Helical Antenna: A type of antenna that consist of a wire or rod that is wound in a helical shape, typically used for directional, circularly polarized and wideband applications.
Heterodyne: The process of mixing a radio signal with a local oscillator to shift the frequency of the signal, typically used in radio receivers to convert the incoming radio frequency to a lower intermediate frequency.
HF (High Frequency): A frequency range of radio waves, typically from 3 MHz to 30 MHz.
Horn Antenna: A type of antenna that consist of a flared metal waveguide, typically used to transmit or receive radio waves at microwave frequencies.
IF (Intermediate Frequency): The frequency range of a radio signal after it has been heterodyned, typically between 1 and 30 MHz.
ILS (Instrument Landing System): A ground-based navigation system that uses VHF radio transmissions to provide guidance for aircraft during the approach and landing, typically used for aircraft navigation.
Impedance: The total opposition to the flow of an alternating current in a circuit, typically measured in ohms (Ω).
Inmarsat: A satellite communication network that provides global coverage, typically used for voice and data communication, as well as tracking and emergency services for maritime, aviation, and remote land-based users.
IoT (Internet of Things) : A network of internet-connected devices that can collect and share data, typically connected to the internet using wireless technologies such as radio, cellular, and satellite, typically used for monitoring and controlling various types of equipment and devices remotely.
IoT (Internet of Things): A network of devices that are connected to the internet, typically used to collect and share data, typically connected to the internet using wireless technologies such as radio, cellular, and satellite.
IoT applications such as smart home, smart agriculture, industrial automation, and healthcare, typically customized to meet the specific requirements of the application.
Iridium: A satellite communication network that provides global coverage, typically used for voice and data communication, as well as tracking and emergency services.
LF (Low Frequency): A frequency range of radio waves, typically from 30 kHz to 300 kHz.
LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging): A system that uses laser beams to detect and locate objects, typically used for navigation, tracking, and mapping.
LMR (Land Mobile Radio): A type of mobile radio communication system that is designed to be used on land, typically used in public safety, transportation, and industrial applications.
Log-periodic Antenna: A type of antenna that consist of multiple elements, typically rods or wires, that are oriented in a specific pattern to transmit or receive radio waves over a wide frequency range.
LoRa (Long Range): A wireless communication protocol that allows devices to connect and exchange data over long distances, typically used for Internet of Things (IoT) and machine-to-machine (M2M) communication in low power and wide area network (LPWAN)
LTE (Long-Term Evolution): A 4G wireless communication standard that is widely used in cellular networks, typically provides higher data rates and lower latency than previous generations of cellular technology.
Microstrip Antenna: A type of antenna that consist of a conductive patch on top of a dielectric substrate, typically used for low-profile and conformal applications.
Microwave: A frequency range of radio waves, typically from 300 MHz to 300 GHz, commonly used for wireless communication and radar.
MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output): A wireless communication technique that uses multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance, typically used in cellular and wireless local area networks (WLANs).
Mixer: A device that combines two signals to produce a new signal at the sum and difference frequencies.
Mobile Radio: A radio communication system that is designed to be used while in motion, typically used in vehicles, boats, and aircraft.
Modulation: The process of encoding information (such as speech or music) onto a radio wave, typically by varying the amplitude, frequency, or phase of the wave.
Monopole Antenna: A type of antenna that consist of a single conductive element, typically a rod or wire, that is oriented vertically and grounded to transmit or receive radio waves.
Multiplexing: The process of combining multiple signals into a single signal, typically used to increase the capacity of a radio channel.
NFC (Near Field Communication): A wireless communication technology that allows devices to exchange data over short distances, typically used for mobile payments, contactless cards, and other applications requiring secure, short-range wireless communication.
Noise: Unwanted interference on a radio signal, typically caused by external sources such as electrical equipment or natural phenomena.
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing): A digital modulation technique that divides the available frequency band into multiple subcarriers and modulates each subcarrier independently, typically used in wireless communication systems such as Wi-Fi, digital television, and 4G cellular networks.
Omnidirectional Antenna: A type of antenna that is designed to transmit or receive radio waves in all directions.
Oscillator: A circuit that generates a stable, repeating waveform, typically used as a local oscillator in radio receivers.
P25 (Project 25): A digital voice and data communication standard for public safety and other professional mobile radio users, typically used in North America.
Parabolic Antenna: A type of antenna that consist of a parabolic reflector, typically a metal dish, that is used to transmit or receive radio waves in a specific direction.
Patch Antenna: A type of antenna that consist of a flat conductive surface, typically a metal plate or patch, that is used to transmit or receive radio waves.
Phased Array Antenna: A type of antenna that consist of multiple elements, typically antennas or antenna elements, that are controlled to create a beam of radio waves that can be directed in different directions.
PM (Phase Modulation): A method of modulation where the phase of a radio wave is varied to carry the information.
Polarization: The orientation of the electric field of a radio wave, typically horizontal or vertical.
Propagation: The process by which radio waves travel through the atmosphere, including factors such as reflection, refraction, and absorption.
PTT (Push-to-Talk): A button on a radio or other communication device that activates the transmitter and allows the user to speak, typically used in two-way radio communication systems.
QoS (Quality of Service): A measure of the performance of a radio communication system, typically including factors such as signal strength, bandwidth, and noise level.
Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging): A system that uses radio waves to detect and locate objects, typically used for navigation, tracking, and weather forecasting.
Radome: A protective covering that is used to shield an antenna from the environment, typically made of a lightweight, weather-resistant material such as plastic or fiberglass.
RDF (Radio Direction Finding): A system that uses radio waves to determine the direction of a radio signal, typically used for navigation and tracking.
Receiver: A device that receives and processes a radio signal.
Repeater: A device that receives and retransmits a radio signal, typically used to extend the range of a radio communication system.
RF (Radio Frequency): The frequency range of radio waves, typically from 3 kHz to 300 GHz.
RF Shielding: A method of protecting electronic devices and systems from electromagnetic interference, typically achieved by using conductive or magnetic materials to block or absorb unwanted radio frequency energy.
RFI (Radio Frequency Interference): Unwanted radio frequency energy that interferes with the normal operation of radio communication systems, typically caused by nearby radio transmitters or electronic devices.
RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification): A wireless communication technology that uses radio waves to identify and track objects, typically used in inventory management, security, and other applications.
Roaming: The ability for a mobile device to connect to and use different cellular networks as the user travels, typically used to provide continuous service to the user as they move out of range of one network and into range of another.
RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator): A measure of the strength of a radio signal, typically used to evaluate the performance of a radio communication system.
S/N ratio (Signal-to-Noise Ratio): The ratio of the strength of the desired signal to the strength of the noise on a radio signal, measured in decibels (dB).
Satellite Communication: A method of communication that uses a network of artificial satellites orbiting the earth to relay signals, typically used for long-distance communication and navigation.
Satellite: A device that orbits the Earth and is used to transmit and receive radio signals, typically used for long-distance communication and navigation.
SHF (Super High Frequency): A frequency range of radio waves, typically from 3 GHz to 30 GHz.
SIM (Subscriber Identity Module): A small chip that is inserted into a mobile device, typically a phone, that stores the subscriber’s information, such as the phone number, and allows the device to connect to a cellular network.
Slot Antenna: A type of antenna that consist of a slit or slot in a metal surface, typically used to transmit or receive radio waves at microwave frequencies.
SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio): A measure of the quality of a radio signal, typically used to evaluate the performance of a radio communication system.
SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging): A system that uses sound waves to detect and locate objects, typically used for navigation, tracking, and underwater mapping.
Spectrum Analyzer: A device that measures the frequency and amplitude of a radio signal, typically used to test and optimize radio communication systems.
Spectrum Management: The process of allocating, regulating, and managing the use of the radio frequency spectrum to ensure efficient and fair use and to avoid interference, typically carried out by national regulatory authorities.
Spectrum Sensing: The process of detecting the presence of signals in a given frequency band, typically used to identify and avoid interference with other systems using the same or nearby frequencies.
Spectrum Spreading: A method of transmitting radio signals by spreading the information over a wide range of frequencies, typically used to increase resistance to interference and jamming.
Spiral Antenna: A type of antenna that consist of a wire or a printed circuit board in the shape of a spiral, typically used for wideband and circularly polarized applications.
Spread Spectrum: A method of transmitting radio signals by spreading the information over a wide range of frequencies, typically used to increase resistance to interference and jamming.
SSB (Single Sideband): A type of modulation where only one sideband of a radio wave is transmitted, resulting in a narrower bandwidth and increased efficiency.
SWR (Standing Wave Ratio): A measure of the mismatch between an antenna and the transmission line connected to it, typically used to optimize the performance of the antenna.
TDD (Time-Division Duplexing): A method of duplexing, or allowing simultaneous two-way communication, in wireless networks, in which the uplink and downlink transmissions occur in different time slots.
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access): A method of multiplexing multiple signals by dividing a radio channel into time slots and allocating each slot to a different signal.
TETRA (Terrestrial Trunked Radio): A digital voice and data communication standard for professional mobile radio users, typically used in public safety, transportation, and industrial applications.
Transducer: A device that converts one form of energy into another, such as converting a radio signal into an electrical signal in a radio receiver.
Transmitter: A device that generates and transmits a radio signal.
Trunking: A method of efficiently using a set of radio channels by allocating them dynamically to different users as needed, typically used in public safety and commercial radio communication systems.
UHF (Ultra High Frequency): A frequency range of radio waves, typically from 300 MHz to 3 GHz.
VHF (Very High Frequency): A frequency range of radio waves, typically from 30 MHz to 300 MHz.
VLF (Very Low Frequency): A frequency range of radio waves, typically from 3 kHz to 30 kHz.
VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range): A ground-based navigation system that uses VHF radio transmissions to provide bearing information, typically used for aircraft navigation.
Waveguide: A hollow metal tube used to transmit radio signals at microwave frequencies, typically used in radar and communication systems.
Wavelength: The distance between two consecutive points of a radio wave, measured in meters (m).
Wi-Fi: A wireless communication protocol that allows devices to connect and exchange data over a local area network (LAN), typically used for internet access, file sharing, and other networking applications.
Yagi Antenna: A type of directional antenna that consist of multiple elements, typically rods or wires, that are oriented in a specific pattern to transmit or receive radio waves in a specific direction.
Zigbee: A wireless communication protocol based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, typically used for home automation and other low-power, low-data-rate wireless communication applications.
Z-Wave: A wireless communication protocol that allows devices to connect and exchange data over short distances, typically used for home automation and other low-power, low-data-rate wireless communication applications.