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Here are some standard terms and definitions related to (Light-Emitting Diodes) LEDs:

  • 0-10V: A lighting control protocol used in commercial and industrial lighting applications.
  • 0-10V: A standard for lighting control systems that allows for individual control of multiple lights in a system.
  • BIN: The classification of LED based on their electrical and optical characteristics, used to group LED with similar properties.
  • Binning: The process of sorting LEDs into groups with similar characteristics, such as forward voltage or light output.
  • Bluetooth: A wireless lighting control protocol used in commercial and residential lighting applications.
  • Building management system (BMS): A system that monitors and controls the various systems and components of a building, including lighting, HVAC, and security.
  • Case-to-ambient thermal resistance: The amount of heat an LED can dissipates from the case to the surrounding environment.
  • Chromaticity coordinates: The (x, y) coordinates on the CIE chromaticity diagram that represent the color of an LED.
  • Chromaticity drift: The change in chromaticity coordinates of an LED over time.
  • Chromaticity shift: The change in the chromaticity coordinates of an LED as a function of temperature, current, or time.
  • Chromaticity tolerance: The allowable range of chromaticity coordinates for an LED.
  • Color point: The (x, y) coordinates on the CIE chromaticity diagram that represent the color of an LED.
  • Color Quality Scale (CQS): A measure of how well an LED reproduces colors, similar to CRI but with a different calculation method.
  • Color rendering group (CRiG): A classification system for color rendering properties of LEDs, which separates them into 5 groups.
  • Color rendering index (CRI) : A measure of how well an LED reproduces colors compared to natural light, with a higher value indicating better color reproduction.
  • Color rendering index (CRI): A measure of how well an LED reproduces colors compared to natural light.
  • Color rendering index (CRI): A measure of how well an LED reproduces colors, with higher CRI values indicating better color reproduction.
  • Color stability: The ability of an LED to maintain a consistent color over time and operating conditions.
  • Color temperature: A measure of the color of light emitted by an LED, usually specified in Kelvins (K).
  • Color Temperature: The measure of the color of light emitted by an LED, usually measured in Kelvins (K) with lower temperatures giving warm yellow light and higher temperature giving cool blue light.
  • Constant Current LED Driver: An LED driver that maintains a constant current flowing through the LED.
  • Constant Voltage LED Driver: An LED driver that maintains a constant voltage across the LED.
  • Correlated color temperature (CCT): A measure of the color of light emitted by an LED, based on the color temperature of a black body radiator that most closely matches the color of the LED.
  • CRI (Color rendering index): A measure of how well an LED reproduces colors compared to natural light.
  • Current density: The amount of current flowing through a given area of an LED. High current densities can cause overheating and damage to the LED.
  • DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface): A standard for lighting control systems that allows for individual control of multiple lights in a system.
  • DALI: A lighting control protocol used in commercial and residential lighting applications.
  • Digital dimming: A method of LED dimming that uses digital signals to control the brightness of an LED.
  • Dimmable: The ability of an LED to change its light output level.
  • DMX (Digital Multiplex): A standard for lighting control systems that allows for individual control of multiple lights in a system.
  • DMX: A lighting control protocol used in entertainment and architectural lighting applications.
  • Efficacy: The light output ratio to power input, measured in lumens per watt.
  • Efficiency: The ratio of light output to power input.
  • Energy management system (EMS): A system that monitors and controls the energy consumption of a building or facility.
  • EnOcean: A wireless lighting control protocol used in commercial and residential lighting applications.
  • ESD protection: The protection of an LED from electrostatic discharge, which can cause damage to the LED.
  • External quantum efficiency (EQE): The proportion of light emitted by an LED that is actually extracted from the package, normalized to the number of carriers injected. This is affected by factors such as the package design and the optical control.
  • Flicker index: A measure of how much the light from an LED flickers, with a lower value indicating less flicker.
  • Flicker: A fluctuation in the brightness of an LED, caused by changes in the power supply or the LED itself. High-frequency flicker can cause eye strain and headaches, and low-frequency flicker can cause strobe effects in video.
  • Flicker: The visible change in brightness level of an LED caused by changes in the current supplied to the LED.
  • Flicker-free: An LED that does not produce visible flicker.
  • Forward bias: Applying a voltage to a p-n junction that encourages the flow of current from the p-side to the n-side.
  • Forward current (If): The current required to achieve a specific forward voltage through an LED.
  • Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage(I-V) Characteristic: The relationship between the forward current and the forward voltage of an LED. The forward voltage is typically constant over a certain range of forward current, but drops as the current increases past a certain point.
  • Forward voltage (Vf): The voltage required to achieve a specific forward current through an LED.
  • Forward voltage temperature coefficient (Vf TC): The change in forward voltage per degree Celsius change in temperature.
  • Heat sink: A device that helps to dissipate heat from an LED.
  • Injection efficiency: The proportion of injected carriers recombining and emitting light in an LED. This is affected by factors such as the quality of the p-n junction and the operating conditions.
  • Internet of Things (IoT) enabled LED: An LED that can be controlled and monitored remotely through an IoT network connection.
  • Junction-to-case thermal resistance: The amount of heat that an LED can dissipate from the p-n junction to the case.
  • LED aging: The change in performance of an LED over time, caused by factors such as heat, current, and environmental conditions.
  • LED Array: Multiple LED chips that are connected in series or parallel and packaged together to form a single unit.
  • LED backlight: A light source that is used to illuminate the back of a display, such as a LCD screen.
  • LED collimator: A piece of material that is used to collimate, or direct in a straight line, the light emitted by an LED.
  • LED current aging: The change in performance of an LED caused by long-term operation at high current levels.
  • LED die: The small piece of semiconductor material that actually emits light in an LED. The die is typically mounted on a submount or substrate, and is then encapsulated in a package.
  • LED diffuser: A piece of material that spreads out and softens the light emitted by an LED.
  • LED dimming: The ability to control the brightness of an LED.
  • LED display: A display that uses LEDs as the light source.
  • LED Driver Efficiency: The ratio of power output to power input of an LED driver, typically expressed as a percentage.
  • LED driver: A device that regulates the power supplied to an LED, to ensure consistent performance and prevent damage. LED drivers can be constant current or constant voltage.
  • LED driver: An electronic circuit that regulates the power supplied to an LED to ensure consistent performance and prevent damage.
  • LED driver: An electronic device that regulates the current and voltage supplied to an LED to ensure consistent performance and longevity.
  • LED heat sink: A device that helps to dissipate heat from an LED.
  • LED homogenizer: A piece of material that is used to homogenize, or evenly distribute, the light emitted by an LED.
  • LED humidity aging: An LED’s performance change caused by exposure to high humidity.
  • LED lens: A piece of glass or plastic that is used to control the direction and distribution of light emitted by an LED.
  • LED lifespan: The amount of time an LED will continue to function before it fails. The lifespan of an LED is affected by various factors such as the quality of the LED and the operating conditions.
  • LED lifetime prediction: The estimation of the amount of time an LED will continue to function before it fails, based on factors such as the quality of the LED, the operating conditions, and the stress testing results.
  • LED light bar: A linear array of LEDs that are used as a light source.
  • LED light engine certification: The process of testing and certifying an LED light engine to ensure it meets safety and performance standards.
  • LED light engine design: The process of designing an LED light engine, taking into account factors such as light distribution, color rendering, energy efficiency, and cost.
  • LED light engine: A pre-assembled unit that includes an LED source, driver, optics, and other components.
  • LED light panel: A flat panel of LEDs that are used as a light source.
  • LED light pipe: A piece of material that is used to guide light emitted by an LED.
  • LED lighting analytics: The use of data and analytics to optimize the performance and energy efficiency of LED lighting systems.
  • LED lighting certification: The process of testing and certifying LED lighting products to ensure they meet safety and performance standards.
  • LED lighting control: The use of various control methods to control the brightness and color of LEDs.
  • LED lighting controls: Devices and systems that control the operation of LED lighting, including dimming, color control, and scheduling.
  • LED lighting design: The process of designing LED lighting systems for various applications, taking into account factors such as light distribution, color rendering, energy efficiency, and cost.
  • LED lighting fixtures: The physical units that hold and protect the LED light sources and other components in a lighting system.
  • LED lighting maintenance: The process of maintaining LED lighting systems to ensure consistent performance and longevity.
  • LED lighting module: a pre-assembled unit that includes an LED source, driver, optics, and other components.
  • LED lighting monitoring: The process of monitoring the performance and energy usage of LED lighting systems.
  • LED lighting software: Software that is used to control and monitor LED lighting systems, including lighting control systems, LED drivers, and LED power supplies.
  • LED lighting standards: The various standards and regulations that govern the design, performance, and safety of LED lighting systems.
  • LED lighting strip: A flexible strip of LEDs that are used as a light source.
  • LED lighting system accelerated life test: The process of testing the performance and longevity of an LED lighting system over time, by exposing it to conditions that accelerate aging.
  • LED lighting system active cooling: The process of removing heat from an LED lighting system using mechanical means, such as fans or liquid cooling.
  • LED lighting system app control: The ability to control an LED lighting system through a smartphone or tablet app.
  • LED lighting system automation: The ability to control and adjust the brightness, color, and other parameters of an LED lighting system automatically through the use of sensors and software.
  • LED lighting system beam angle: The angle of the light emitted by an LED lighting system.
  • LED lighting system binning: The process of sorting LED dies based on their correlated color temperature and/or other characteristics
  • LED lighting system blue light hazard: The potential for an LED lighting system to cause eye damage or other health effects due to the high levels of blue light it emits.
  • LED lighting system certification: The process of testing and certifying an LED lighting system to ensure it meets safety and performance standards.
  • LED lighting system certifications: The certifications and standards that an LED lighting system has been tested and approved to meet, such as Energy Star, DLC, and UL.
  • LED lighting system color consistency: The ability of an LED lighting system to maintain consistent color output over time.
  • LED lighting system color conversion: The process of converting the light energy from a blue or UV LED into other colors using phosphor.
  • LED lighting system color rendering: An LED lighting system’s ability to accurately reproduce objects’ colors compared to an ideal or natural light source.
  • LED lighting system compatibility: The ability of an LED lighting system to work with other systems and devices, such as dimmer switches, occupancy sensors, and building management systems.
  • LED lighting system compliance: The ability of an LED lighting system to meet industry standards and regulations.
  • LED lighting system control software: Software that allows for the control and management of LED lighting systems.
  • LED lighting system control system: A system that allows for the control and management of LED lighting systems.
  • LED lighting system control: The ability to control and adjust an LED lighting system’s brightness, color, and other parameters.
  • LED lighting system correlated color temperature (CCT): The measure of the color of light emitted by an LED lighting system, usually measured in Kelvins (K).
  • LED lighting system cost savings: The amount of money saved by using an LED lighting system compared to traditional lighting systems.
  • LED lighting system customer service: The support provided by the manufacturer of an LED lighting system before, during, and after purchase, including technical assistance and troubleshooting.
  • LED lighting system customization: The ability of an LED lighting system to be tailored to specific needs and preferences through the use of different components, software, and controls.
  • LED lighting system cybersecurity: The ability of an LED lighting system to protect against cyber threats such as hacking, malware, and data breaches.
  • LED lighting system design: The process of designing an LED lighting system, taking into account factors such as light distribution, color rendering, energy efficiency, and cost.
  • LED lighting system diagnostics: The ability of an LED lighting system to diagnose and report any issues or failures.
  • LED lighting system durability: The ability of an LED lighting system to withstand harsh conditions and maintain its performance over time.
  • LED lighting system energy assessment: An evaluation of an LED lighting system’s energy usage, efficiency, and potential for improvement, performed by a qualified professional.
  • LED lighting system energy audit: A comprehensive analysis of an LED lighting system’s energy usage, efficiency, and potential for improvement, performed by a qualified professional.
  • LED lighting system energy efficiency certification: The certifications such as Energy Star and DLC that an LED lighting system meets energy efficiency standards.
  • LED lighting system energy modeling: The process of simulating the energy usage, efficiency, and potential for improvement of an LED lighting system using computer software.
  • LED lighting system energy savings: The amount of energy saved by using an LED lighting system compared to traditional lighting systems.
  • LED lighting system fault tolerance: The ability of an LED lighting system to continue functioning in the event of a component failure.
  • LED lighting system flexibility: The ability of an LED lighting system to adapt to different applications and environments.
  • LED lighting system glare control: The ability of an LED lighting system to minimize glare and visual discomfort.
  • LED lighting system harmonic distortion: The deviation of the current or voltage waveform of an LED lighting system from a pure sine wave.
  • LED lighting system heat dissipation: The process of removing heat from an LED lighting system to keep it cool.
  • LED lighting system heat sink: The component of an LED lighting system that dissipates heat away from the LED package to keep it cool.
  • LED lighting system IES file: A file that contains photometric data for an LED lighting system, as defined by the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES).
  • LED lighting system innovation: The introduction of new and improved technologies and designs in LED lighting systems.
  • LED lighting system innovation: The introduction of new and improved technologies and designs in LED lighting systems. Please let me know if you have any more questions or if you would like more information on any of the above terms.
  • LED lighting system integration with hardware: The process of integrating an LED lighting system with hardware, such as dimming controls, occupancy sensors, and IoT gateways, to improve control and monitoring.
  • LED lighting system integration with other devices: The process of integrating an LED lighting system with other devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and voice assistants, to improve control and monitoring.
  • LED lighting system integration with other systems: The process of integrating an LED lighting system with other systems, such as building management systems, energy management systems, and IoT networks.
  • LED lighting system integration with renewable energy sources: The process of integrating an LED lighting system with renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, to improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact.
  • LED lighting system integration with sensors: The process of integrating an LED lighting system with sensors, such as occupancy sensors, motion sensors, and light sensors, to improve energy efficiency and control.
  • LED lighting system integration with software: The process of integrating an LED lighting system with software, such as lighting control software, energy management software, and building management software, to improve control and monitoring.
  • LED lighting system integration: The process of integrating LED lighting systems with other systems, such as building management systems and energy management systems.
  • LED lighting system internet of things (IoT) integration: The ability to connect and communicate with other LED lighting systems, devices, and systems through an internet connection.
  • LED lighting system junction temperature: The temperature at the junction of the LED die, which is an important factor in determining the longevity and performance of an LED lighting system.
  • LED lighting system L70: The number of hours that an LED lighting system is expected to last before the light output has decreased to 70% of its initial output.
  • LED lighting system L80: The number of hours that an LED lighting system is expected to last before the light output has decreased to 80% of its initial output.
  • LED lighting system L90: The number of hours that an LED lighting system is expected to last before the light output has decreased to 90% of its initial output.
  • LED lighting system life test: The process of testing the performance and longevity of an LED lighting system over time.
  • LED lighting system lifespan: The length of time that an LED lighting system is expected to last before needing replacement.
  • LED lighting system light distribution: The pattern of light emitted by an LED lighting system.
  • LED lighting system LM-79: A standard for measuring an LED lighting system’s electrical and photometric performance, published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
  • LED lighting system LM-80: A standard for measuring the lumen maintenance of an LED lighting system, published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
  • LED lighting system lumen maintenance: The ability of an LED lighting system to maintain consistent light output over time.
  • LED lighting system lumen package: The total amount of light emitted by an LED lighting system.
  • LED lighting system maintenance: The process of maintaining LED lighting systems to ensure consistent performance and longevity, including tasks such as cleaning, replacing failed components, and updating software and firmware.
  • LED lighting system modularity: The ability of an LED lighting system to be easily modified and customized by adding or removing components.
  • LED lighting system monitoring: The process of monitoring the performance and energy usage of LED
  • LED lighting system monitoring: The process of monitoring the performance and energy usage of LED lighting systems in real-time, using techniques such as energy management systems and building management systems.
  • LED lighting system networking: The ability to connect and communicate with other LED lighting systems, devices, and systems through a network connection.
  • LED lighting system optics: The lenses or other optical elements that shape and control the light emitted by an LED lighting system.
  • LED lighting system optimization: The process of optimizing the performance and energy efficiency of LED lighting systems through techniques such as control and monitoring, retrofitting, and maintenance.
  • LED lighting system package: The physical package that houses an LED die and its associated components such as the LED driver.
  • LED lighting system passive cooling: The process of removing heat from an LED lighting system using natural air flow or convection.
  • LED lighting system payback period: The amount of time it takes for the savings from an LED lighting system to pay back the cost of the system.
  • LED lighting system PCB (printed circuit board): The board that houses the LED package and other components such as the LED driver.
  • LED lighting system phosphor coating: A coating of phosphor material applied to the surface of an LED die to convert the light energy.
  • LED lighting system phosphor: A material used in some LED lighting systems to convert the light energy from a blue or UV LED into other colors.
  • LED lighting system photobiological safety: The ability of an LED lighting system to meet safety standards for photobiological safety, such as blue light hazard and UV radiation.
  • LED lighting system photometry data: The data obtained from photometric measurements of an LED lighting system.
  • LED lighting system photometry: The measurement of the light emitted by an LED lighting system, including parameters such as luminous flux, illuminance, and color temperature.
  • LED lighting system power factor: The ratio of real power to apparent power in an LED lighting system.
  • LED lighting system power quality: The ability of an LED lighting system to maintain consistent power supply and meet industry standards for power quality.
  • LED lighting system power supply: The device that provides power to an LED lighting system.
  • LED lighting system R13: A measure of the ability of an LED lighting system to render deep red colors.
  • LED lighting system R15: A measure of the ability of an LED lighting system to render pink colors.
  • LED lighting system R9: A measure of the ability of an LED lighting system to render red colors.
  • LED lighting system redundancy: The ability of an LED lighting system to continue functioning in the event of a component failure.
  • LED lighting system reliability: The ability of an LED lighting system to maintain consistent performance and longevity over time.
  • LED lighting system remote management: The ability to manage and control an LED lighting system remotely through a network connection.
  • LED lighting system research and development: The ongoing process of improving and innovating LED lighting systems through research and development.
  • LED lighting system retrofitting: The process of replacing traditional lighting systems with LED lighting systems in existing buildings and facilities.
  • LED lighting system return on investment (ROI): The amount of money saved by using an LED lighting system compared to traditional lighting systems, divided by the cost of the LED lighting system.
  • LED lighting system Rf: A measure of the ability of an LED lighting system to render fluorescent colors.
  • LED lighting system Rg: A measure of the ability of an LED lighting system to render green colors.
  • LED lighting system Rp: A measure of the ability of an LED lighting system to render purple colors.
  • LED lighting system safety certification: The certifications such as UL and CE that an LED lighting system meets safety standards.
  • LED lighting system safety: The ability of an LED lighting system to meet safety standards and regulations, including fire safety, electrical safety, and photobiological safety.
  • LED lighting system scalability: The ability of an LED lighting system to be easily expanded or reduced as needed.
  • LED lighting system security: The ability of an LED lighting system to protect against unauthorized access and hacking.
  • LED lighting system simulation: The process of using software tools to simulate the performance and energy usage of an LED lighting system under different conditions.
  • LED lighting system spectral power distribution: The distribution of light energy across different wavelengths emitted by an LED lighting system.
  • LED lighting system standardization: The ability of an LED lighting system to meet industry standards and regulations for safety, performance, and energy efficiency.
  • LED lighting system standards: The industry standards and regulations that an LED lighting system must meet, including safety, performance, and energy efficiency.
  • LED lighting system sustainability: The ability of an LED lighting system to minimize its impact on the environment and conserve resources.
  • LED lighting system testing: The process of testing the performance and safety of an LED lighting system according to industry standards and regulations.
  • LED lighting system thermal interface material (TIM): The material used to fill the gaps between the LED package and the heat sink to improve heat transfer.
  • LED lighting system thermal management: The process of managing the heat generated by an LED lighting system to ensure consistent performance and longevity.
  • LED lighting system thermal resistance: The resistance of heat transfer between the LED die and the heat sink is an important factor in determining the junction temperature of an LED lighting system.
  • LED lighting system TM-21: A standard for predicting the long-term lumen depreciation of an LED lighting system, published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
  • LED lighting system troubleshooting: The process of identifying and resolving any issues or failures in an LED lighting system.
  • LED lighting system UGR (Unified Glare Rating): A measure of the glare produced by an LED lighting system.
  • LED lighting system upgrade: The process of improving the performance and energy efficiency of an existing LED lighting system through techniques such as retrofitting, adding controls, and upgrading software and firmware.
  • LED lighting system upgradeability: The ability of an LED lighting system to be easily upgraded with new components and software.
  • LED lighting system UV radiation: The potential for an LED lighting system to emit harmful ultraviolet radiation.
  • LED lighting system voice control: The ability to control an LED lighting system through voice commands using a voice assistant such as Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant.
  • LED lighting system warranties: The guarantees provided by the manufacturer of an LED lighting system, including coverage for defects, performance, and lifespan.
  • LED lighting system wireless control: The ability to wirelessly control an LED lighting system through a wireless protocol such as Zigbee, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi.
  • LED lighting systems: The use of LED lights in combination with control systems and other components to create lighting solutions for various applications.
  • LED lighting tape: A flexible strip of LEDs that are used as a light source.
  • LED lighting: The use of LEDs as a light source for general lighting and task lighting applications.
  • LED lumen depreciation: The decrease in the amount of light emitted by an LED over time.
  • LED lumen maintenance factor: A measurement of the rate of LED lumen depreciation, typically expressed as a percentage of the initial light output over a specified period of time.
  • LED lumen maintenance: The measurement of the amount of light emitted by an LED over time. The amount of light output an LED emits decreases over time, and LED lumen maintenance is used to measure this decrease over time.
  • LED module: A pre-assembled LED lighting unit that includes LED source, driver and other components.
  • LED optics design: The process of designing the optics for an LED lighting system, taking into account factors such as light distribution, color rendering, and energy efficiency.
  • LED package: The physical package that contains and protects an LED die. Different packages have different shapes and sizes, and can provide different levels of thermal management and optical control.
  • LED phosphor coatings: A thin layer of phosphor material that is coated on the LED package to convert the light from the LED into different colors.
  • LED phosphor powders: A fine powder of phosphor material that is mixed with a resin and then coated on the LED package to convert the light from the LED into different colors.
  • LED phosphor wafers: Thin wafers of phosphor material that are placed in close proximity to the LED die to convert the light from the LED into different colors.
  • LED phosphor: A material that is used to convert the light from an LED into different colors.
  • LED power supply: A device that converts AC power to DC power to be used by an LED.
  • LED recycling: The process of disposing of or repurposing used LED lighting products in an environmentally responsible manner.
  • LED reflector: A piece of metal or plastic that is used to reflect light emitted by an LED.
  • LED reliability: The ability of an LED to function as intended for a specified period of time under specified operating conditions.
  • LED replacement: The process of replacing an LED that has failed or is no longer performing to the desired level.
  • LED retrofit: The process of replacing traditional lighting systems with LED lighting systems.
  • LED screen: A screen that uses LEDs as the light source.
  • LED stress testing: The process of testing an LED under various conditions, such as high current, high voltage, high temperature, and high humidity, to determine its reliability and performance over time.
  • LED submount: A small piece of material, typically made of metal or ceramic, that the LED die is mounted on to provide electrical and thermal connections. The submount is then mounted on the package.
  • LED substrate: The LED die is mounted on a piece of material to provide electrical and thermal connections. The substrate is then mounted on the package.
  • LED temperature aging: The change in performance of an LED caused by long-term operation at high temperatures.
  • LED thermal interface material: A material that is used to improve the thermal contact between an LED and a heat sink.
  • LED thermal management: The process of controlling the temperature of an LED to ensure consistent performance and longevity.
  • LED thermal resistance: A measure of how well an LED can dissipate heat.
  • LED UV aging: An LED’s performance change caused by exposure to ultraviolet light.
  • LED voltage aging: The change in performance of an LED caused by long-term operation at high voltage levels.
  • LED: Light-emitting diode, a type of semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current is passed through it.
  • LEDs reliability: The ability of an LED to function as intended for a specified period of time under specified operating conditions.
  • Light extraction: The amount of light emitted from an LED package.
  • Light output: The amount of light emitted by an LED.
  • Light scattering: The process where surfaces or interfaces redirect light in an LED package.
  • Lighting control protocol: A set of rules and standards that govern the communication between lighting control devices and systems.
  • Lighting control system: A system that controls the operation of lights, including on/off, dimming, color control, scheduling, and sensor control.
  • Luminous flux: The total amount of light emitted by an LED, measured in lumens.
  • MacAdam ellipse: A measure of the color uniformity of an LED.
  • Maximum allowed junction temperature: The highest temperature allowed at the p-n junction of an LED.
  • N-type semiconductor: A semiconductor material that has been “doped” with impurities to create a surplus of electrons, which can act as charge carriers.
  • Operating temperature range: The range of temperatures within which an LED can function properly.
  • Optical control: Techniques and materials used to control the direction and distribution of light emitted by an LED. This can include lenses, reflectors, and diffusers.
  • Phase-Cut Dimming: A technique used to control the brightness of an LED by adjusting the phase of the AC power supply to the LED.
  • Photobiological safety: The safety of an LED in terms of its effect on human health and the environment.
  • Photon efficiency: The ratio of number of photons emitted to the number of electrons injected in an LED.
  • P-n junction: A boundary between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor, where the movement of holes and electrons can create a flow of current.
  • P-type semiconductor: A semiconductor material that has been “doped” with impurities to create a surplus of holes, which can act as charge carriers.
  • PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) : A technique used to control the brightness of an LED by rapidly switching the power on and off.
  • PWM dimming: A method of LED dimming that uses pulse-width modulation to control the brightness of an LED.
  • Quantum efficiency: The proportion of injected carriers recombining and emitting light in an LED, normalized to the number of carriers injected. This is also affected by factors such as the quality of the p-n junction and the operating conditions.
  • R9: A measure of how well an LED reproduces deep red colors.
  • Radiant exposure: The amount of light energy received by an object, measured in joules per square meter.
  • Radiant flux: The amount of light emitted by an LED package, measured in watts.
  • Radiant intensity: The power emitted by an LED package per unit solid angle, measured in watts per steradian.
  • Reverse bias: Applying a voltage to a p-n junction discourages current flow from the p-side to the n-side.
  • RGB LED: A type of LED that can emit Red, Green and Blue light which can be combined to produce any color.
  • RGB: Red-Green-Blue, the three primary colors used in LEDs.
  • RGBW LED: A type of LED that can emit Red, Green, Blue and White light which can be combined to produce any color.
  • RGBW: Red-Green-Blue-White, the four primary colors used in LEDs.
  • RGBWW LED: A type of LED that can emit Red, Green, Blue, Warm White and White light which can be combined to produce any color.
  • Smart LED: An LED that can be controlled and monitored remotely through a network connection.
  • Spatial radiation pattern: The distribution of radiant intensity as a function of the angle from the LED package.
  • Spectral mismatch: The difference in a light source’s spectral power distribution and a detector’s spectral sensitivity.
  • Spectral power distribution (SPD): The distribution of radiant power as a function of wavelength for a light source.
  • Spectral purity: The degree to which the light emitted by an LED is monochromatic or single wavelength.
  • Spectral radiation pattern: The distribution of radiant intensity as a function of the wavelength of light.
  • Spectral width: The range of wavelengths of the light emitted by an LED.
  • Spectrum: The distribution of radiant intensity as a function of wavelength.
  • SSL: Solid-State Lighting, another term for LED lighting.
  • Temperature coefficient of forward voltage: The rate at which the forward voltage of an LED changes with temperature.
  • Thermal interface material: A material that is used to improve the thermal contact between an LED and a heat sink.
  • Thermal management: Techniques and materials used to dissipate heat generated by an LED. Proper thermal management is important to ensure an LED’s consistent performance and longevity.
  • Thermal resistance: A measure of how well an LED can dissipate heat.
  • Thermal resistance: The amount of heat an LED can dissipate per power unit.
  • Thermal runway: The phenomenon where an LED’s temperature increases with increasing current, causing a reduction in efficiency and an increase in thermal resistance.
  • TM-30: A measure of how well an LED reproduces colors compared to natural light, including R9 and gamut area index (GAI) and CRI.
  • Triac dimming: A technique used to control the brightness of an LED by adjusting the phase of the AC power supply to the LED.
  • Wavelength range: The range of wavelength of the light emitted by an LED.
  • Wavelength: The distance between corresponding points on consecutive waves of light.
  • Zigbee: A wireless lighting control protocol used in commercial and residential lighting applications.
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