Base64 is an encoding scheme used to represent binary data in an ASCII string format. It is commonly used for encoding and decoding text, images, and other types of content over the internet. Base64 was developed by Robert G. Nelson in 1992 as a way to encode arbitrary binary data into plaintext characters so that it could be transmitted across networks without being corrupted or altered during transmission.

Base64 works by taking three 8-bit bytes (24 bits) of input data and converting them into four 6-bit blocks (24 bits). The resulting 4 blocks are then represented as printable characters from the base 64 alphabet which consists of upper case letters A through Z, lower case letters a through z, numbers 0 through 9 plus two additional symbols (+) and (/).

This allows for efficient storage or transmission of any type of digital information such as image files or documents without having to worry about corruption due to differences between different computer systems’ character sets.

The use cases for Base64 are vast; some common examples include sending emails with attachments encoded using Base 64; embedding small images directly within HTML pages via Data URIs; creating one time passwords with limited lifespan when combined with other encryption schemes like HMACSHA1 and storing credentials securely on servers.

Additionally, since most modern programming languages have built-in support for working with base 64 strings it makes it very easy to work efficiently when dealing with large amounts complex digital content like audio/video streams etc.

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