Vertical handover, also known as “inter-system handover” or “heterogeneous handover,” refers to the transition of a mobile device’s active connection from one type of network to another different type of network. The change can be between two entirely different network technologies or standards, ensuring continuous service for the mobile user.
For example, a vertical handover might occur when a device switches from a Wi-Fi connection (when the user is indoors) to a cellular network (like 4G or 5G) as the user moves outside, or vice versa.
Key aspects of vertical handover:
- Different Network Technologies: Unlike horizontal handovers, where the switch happens between the same type of networks (e.g., from one 4G cell to another), vertical handovers occur between different network technologies.
- Decision Parameters: Vertical handover decisions can be based on various factors, including signal strength, network conditions, user preferences, application requirements, and device battery life.
- Seamlessness: To provide a good user experience, the handover process should be as seamless as possible, minimizing disruption to ongoing services or applications.
- Complexity: Vertical handovers are generally more complex than horizontal ones because they involve transitioning between networks with different characteristics, capabilities, and standards.
Vertical handovers play a crucial role in integrated networks, where multiple wireless access technologies coexist, ensuring users get the best possible connectivity irrespective of their location or movement.