Storage Technology Bit Rate Speed
Technology | Rate | Rate | Year |
Teletype Model 33 paper tape | 80 bit/s | 10 B/s | 1963 |
TRS-80 Model 1 Level 1 BASIC cassette tape interface | 250 bit/s | 32 B/s | 1977 |
C2N Commodore Datasette 1530 cassette tape interface | 300 bit/s | 15 B/s | 1977 |
Apple 2 cassette tape interface | 1.5 kbit/s | 200 B/s | 1977 |
Amstrad CPC tape | 2.0 kbit/s | 250 B/s | 1984 |
Single Density 8-inch FM Floppy Disk Controller (160 KB) | 250 kbit/s | 31 KB/s | 1973 |
Single Density 5.25-inch FM Floppy Disk Controller (180 KB) | 125 kbit/s | 15.5 KB/s | 1978 |
High-Density Floppy Disk Controller (1.2 MB/1.44 MB) | 250 kbit/s | 31 KB/s | 1984 |
CD Controller (1×) | 1.171 Mbit/s | 0.146 MB/s | 1988 |
MFM hard disk | 5 Mbit/s | 0.625 MB/s | 1980 |
RLL hard disk | 7.5 Mbit/s | 0.937 MB/s | |
DVD Controller (1×) | 11.1 Mbit/s | 1.32 MB/s | |
ESDI | 24 Mbit/s | 3 MB/s | |
ATA PIO Mode 0 | 26.4 Mbit/s | 3.3 MB/s | 1986 |
HD DVD Controller (1×) | 36 Mbit/s | 4.5 MB/s | |
Blu-ray Controller (1×) | 36 Mbit/s | 4.5 MB/s | |
SCSI (Narrow SCSI) (5 MHz) | 40 Mbit/s | 5 MB/s | 1986 |
ATA PIO Mode 1 | 41.6 Mbit/s | 5.2 MB/s | 1994 |
ATA PIO Mode 2 | 66.4 Mbit/s | 8.3 MB/s | 1994 |
Fast SCSI (8 bits/10 MHz) | 80 Mbit/s | 10 MB/s | |
ATA PIO Mode 3 | 88.8 Mbit/s | 11.1 MB/s | 1996 |
AoE over Fast Ethernet | 100 Mbit/s | 11.9 MB/s | 2009 |
iSCSI over Fast Ethernet | 100 Mbit/s | 11.9 MB/s | 2004 |
ATA PIO Mode 4 | 133.3 Mbit/s | 16.7 MB/s | 1996 |
Fast Wide SCSI (16 bits/10 MHz) | 160 Mbit/s | 20 MB/s | |
Ultra SCSI (Fast-20 SCSI) (8 bits/20 MHz) | 160 Mbit/s | 20 MB/s | |
SD (High Speed) | 200 Mbit/s | 25 MB/s | |
Ultra DMA ATA 33 | 264 Mbit/s | 33 MB/s | 1998 |
Ultra Wide SCSI (16 bits/20 MHz) | 320 Mbit/s | 40 MB/s | |
Ultra-2 SCSI 40 (Fast-40 SCSI) (8 bits/40 MHz) | 320 Mbit/s | 40 MB/s | |
SDHC/SDXC/SDUC (UHS-I Full Duplex) | 400 Mbit/s | 50 MB/s | |
Ultra DMA ATA 66 | 533.6 Mbit/s | 66.7 MB/s | 2000 |
Blu-ray Controller (16×) | 576 Mbit/s | 72 MB/s | |
Ultra-2 wide SCSI (16 bits/40 MHz) | 640 Mbit/s | 80 MB/s | |
Serial Storage Architecture SSA | 640 Mbit/s | 80 MB/s | 1990 |
Ultra DMA ATA 100 | 800 Mbit/s | 100 MB/s | 2002 |
Fibre Channel 1GFC (1.0625 GHz) | 850 Mbit/s | 103.23 MB/s | 1997 |
AoE over gigabit Ethernet, jumbo frames | 1 Gbit/s | 124.2 MB/s | 2009 |
iSCSI over gigabit Ethernet, jumbo frames | 1 Gbit/s | 123.9 MB/s | 2004 |
Ultra DMA ATA 133 | 1.064 Gbit/s | 133 MB/s | 2005 |
SDHC/SDXC/SDUC (UHS-II Full Duplex) | 1.25 Gbit/s | 156 MB/s | |
Ultra-3 SCSI (Ultra 160 SCSI; Fast-80 Wide SCSI) (16 bits/40 MHz DDR) | 1.28 Gbit/s | 160 MB/s | |
SATA revision 1.0 | 1.500 Gbit/s | 150 MB/s [a] | 2003 |
Fibre Channel 2GFC (2.125 GHz) | 1.700 Gbit/s | 206.5 MB/s | 2001 |
Ultra-320 SCSI (Ultra4 SCSI) (16 bits/80 MHz DDR) | 2.560 Gbit/s | 320 MB/s | |
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) SAS-1 | 3 Gbit/s | 300 MB/s [a] | 2004 |
SATA Revision 2.0 | 3 Gbit/s | 300 MB/s [a] | 2004 |
SDHC/SDXC/SDUC (UHS-III Full Duplex) | 2.5 Gbit/s | 312 MB/s | |
Fibre Channel 4GFC (4.25 GHz) | 3.4 Gbit/s | 413 MB/s | 2004 |
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) SAS-2 | 6 Gbit/s | 600 MB/s [a] | 2009 |
SATA Revision 3.0 | 6 Gbit/s | 600 MB/s [a] | 2008 |
Fibre Channel 8GFC (8.50 GHz) | 6.8 Gbit/s | 826 MB/s | 2005 |
SDHC/SDXC/SDUC (SD Express) | 7.9 Gbit/s | 985 MB/s | |
AoE over 10GbE | 10 Gbit/s | 1.242 GB/s | 2009 |
iSCSI over 10GbE | 10 Gbit/s | 1.239 GB/s | 2004 |
FCoE over 10GbE | 10 Gbit/s | 1.206 GB/s | 2009 |
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) SAS-3 | 12 Gbit/s | 1.2 GB/s | 2013 |
Fibre Channel 16GFC (14.025 GHz) | 13.6 Gbit/s | 1.652 GB/s [b] | 2011 |
SATA Express | 16 Gbit/s | 2 GB/s | 2013 |
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) 4 | 22.5 Gbit/s | 2.4 GB/s [c] | 2017 |
UFS (version 3.0) | 23.2 Gbit/s | 2.9 GB/s | 2018 |
Fibre Channel 32GFC (28.05 GHz) | 26.424 Gbit/s | 3.303 GB/s [b] | 2016 |
NVMe over M.2 or U.2 (using PCI Express 3.0 ×4 link) | 32 Gbit/s | 3.938 GB/s | 2013 |
iSCSI over InfiniBand 4× | 32 Gbit/s | 4 GB/s | 2007 |
NVMe over M.2 or U.2 (using PCI Express 4.0 ×4 link) | 64 Gbit/s | 7.876 GB/s | 2017 |
iSCSI over 100G Ethernet | 100 Gbit/s | 12.392 GB/s | 2010 |
FCoE over 100G Ethernet | 100 Gbit/s | 12.064 GB/s | 2010 |
NVMe over M.2, U.2, U.3, or EDSFF (using PCI Express 5.0 ×4 link) | 128 Gbit/s | 15.754 GB/s | 2019 |
a Uses 8b/10b encoding b Uses 64b/66b encoding c Uses 128b/150b encoding