Radio frequency bands refer to specific ranges of frequencies within the electromagnetic spectrum that are used for various wireless communication, broadcasting, and other technological applications. These bands are categorized based on their frequency ranges and characteristics, and they are allocated for specific purposes to avoid interference between different services and technologies. Here are some common radio frequency bands:

  1. Very Low Frequency (VLF): Frequencies range from 3 kHz to 30 kHz. Used for communication with submarines, navigation, and time signal broadcasting.
  2. Low Frequency (LF): Frequencies range from 30 kHz to 300 kHz. Used for AM broadcasting, navigation, and maritime communication.
  3. Medium Frequency (MF): Frequencies range from 300 kHz to 3 MHz. Used for AM broadcasting, aviation communication, and maritime communication.
  4. High Frequency (HF): Frequencies range from 3 MHz to 30 MHz. Used for international broadcasting, amateur radio, aviation communication, and long-range communication.
  5. Very High Frequency (VHF): Frequencies range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz. Used for FM radio broadcasting, television, aviation communication, and two-way radio communication.
  6. Ultra High Frequency (UHF): Frequencies range from 300 MHz to 3 GHz. Used for television broadcasting, mobile communication, satellite communication, and public safety communication.
  7. Super High Frequency (SHF): Frequencies range from 3 GHz to 30 GHz. Used for satellite communication, microwave links, and radar systems.
  8. Extremely High Frequency (EHF): Frequencies range from 30 GHz to 300 GHz. Used for satellite communication, remote sensing, and some scientific applications.
  9. Millimeter Wave Bands: Frequencies above 30 GHz. Used for high-speed wireless communication, 5G networks, and point-to-point communication links.

These bands are further divided into sub-bands and segments, and their allocation is regulated by international organizations to ensure efficient spectrum use and minimize interference. Different technologies and services operate within specific frequency bands based on their requirements for coverage, data rates, and propagation characteristics.