Wired communication media, commonly known as physical media, refer to the tangible materials or devices used to transmit data between different devices in a network. They provide a direct physical connection between devices. Here are some of the most common types of wired media:

Twisted Pair Cables:

  • Description: Made up of pairs of insulated copper wires twisted around each other. The twisting helps reduce interference from external sources.
  • Types:
    • Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP): Most common; used in many Ethernet networks.
    • Shielded Twisted Pair (STP): Has a shielding to provide an extra layer of protection against interference.
  • Applications: Telephone lines, local area networks (LANs), broadband connections.
  • Advantages: Cost-effective, flexible, easy to install.
  • Limitations: Susceptible to interference, limited range without repeaters.

Coaxial Cables:

  • Description: Consists of a single copper conductor in the center, surrounded by a plastic layer, a metal shield, and then an outer insulator.
  • Applications: Cable television, broadband internet, some older Ethernet networks.
  • Advantages: Less susceptible to interference compared to twisted pair cables.
  • Limitations: Bulky, less flexible, more expensive than twisted pairs.

Optical Fiber:

  • Description: Transmits data as light pulses using thin strands of glass or plastic fibers.
  • Types:
    • Single-mode Fiber: Uses a single light source, often used for long-distance transmission.
    • Multi-mode Fiber: Uses multiple light sources, suitable for shorter distances.
  • Applications: High-speed broadband connections, long-distance telecommunication networks, high-performance data networking.
  • Advantages: High bandwidth, can transmit over long distances without much signal loss, resistant to electromagnetic interference.
  • Limitations: Expensive, requires specialized equipment for connection, fragile compared to metallic wires.

Benefits of Wired Media:

  • Reliability: Physical connections tend to be more stable and consistent.
  • Speed: Wired connections, especially optical fiber, offer high-speed data transmission.
  • Security: Physical connections can be more secure since intruders need physical access to tap into the network.
  • Less Interference: Not affected by other wireless signals or devices.

Drawbacks of Wired Media:

  • Mobility: Devices need to be physically connected, restricting movement.
  • Installation: Can be cumbersome, especially for large or complex setups.
  • Aesthetics: Cables can be unsightly if not managed properly.

Despite the growth and convenience of wireless technologies, wired communication media remain integral in various settings, offering reliability and performance often unmatched by their wireless counterparts.