Inter-system handover (or intersystem handoff) is the process where a mobile device switches its connection from one type of network system to another. It is essentially a handover between two different network technologies or generations, rather than within the same system.
Examples of Inter-system Handovers:
- 2G to 3G (and vice versa): A mobile device switches from a GSM (2G) network to a UMTS (3G) network or the other way around.
- 3G to 4G (and vice versa): Transition between a UMTS (3G) network and an LTE (4G) network.
- 4G to 5G (and vice versa): Transition between an LTE (4G) network and a 5G network.
Reasons for Inter-system Handover:
- Coverage Gaps: In areas where the newer technology (e.g., 5G) isn’t available, the device might need to switch to a more widely available older network (e.g., 4G or 3G).
- Quality of Service: If a user is engaged in a service that requires certain quality standards not supported by the current system, the device might switch to another system that can meet those requirements.
- Battery Conservation: Newer technologies might sometimes consume more power. In situations where battery conservation is crucial, a device might opt to connect to an older, less power-intensive network.
- Network Overload: If one network system is overloaded, the device might be switched to a different system with available capacity.
Challenges of Inter-system Handover:
- Complexity: Managing transitions between different network technologies can be technically complex due to differences in their operations.
- Seamlessness: Ensuring a smooth handover without noticeable disruptions or data loss is critical, especially during active calls or data sessions.
- Service Continuity: Not all services available in one system might be available in another. Ensuring that ongoing services aren’t interrupted during handover can be challenging.
- Handover Latency: The time it takes to complete the handover process can be longer in inter-system handovers compared to intra-system ones.
Significance of Inter-system Handover:
As networks evolve and new generations of technology are deployed, inter-system handovers become crucial for ensuring service continuity for users. They play a significant role during the transitional phases between different network generations and in areas with varied infrastructure deployments. Proper management and optimization of inter-system handovers are essential for offering users a seamless mobile experience, regardless of the underlying network technology.