1. ACK (Acknowledgement): A signal sent between devices to acknowledge the successful receipt of a message or data packet.
  2. Active Directory (AD): A directory service by Microsoft for Windows domain networks, providing a variety of network services using a set of processes and initiatives.
  3. Active Matrix: A type of flat-panel display in which the screen is refreshed more frequently than in static screens, making them capable of displaying motion smoothly.
  4. Address Bar: A text field in a web browser where a user inputs a URL or search query, used to navigate to websites or perform web searches.
  5. Address Space: The amount of storage/memory available for allocation by a processor, often referring to either memory or I/O addresses.
  6. Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR): A computer security technique which involves randomly arranging the positions of key data areas, usually including the base of the executable and position of libraries, heap, and stack, in a process’s address space.
  7. ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line): A type of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines compared to a conventional voiceband modem.
  8. Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA): A standard interface for connecting hard drives into computer systems, typically using a 16-bit parallel connection.
  9. Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR): An audio data compression scheme optimized for speech coding, widely used in GSM and UMTS.
  10. Adaptive Replacement Cache (ARC): A page replacement algorithm with better performance than LRU (Least Recently Used) which keeps track of both frequently and recently used pages.
  11. Adaptive Routing: A networking technique that changes the path of data packet transmission on a network dynamically based on the network’s traffic load.
  12. Adobe Acrobat: A family of application software and web services developed by Adobe Inc. to view, create, manipulate, print, and manage files in Portable Document Format (PDF).
  13. Adware: Software that automatically displays or downloads advertising material (often unwanted) when a user is online.
  14. Advanced RISC Machines/Architecture (ARM): A family of Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) architectures for computer processors, configured for various environments.
  15. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard): A widely used symmetric encryption standard established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
  16. AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port): A high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a video card to a computer’s motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics.
  17. AI (Artificial Intelligence): The simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans.
  18. Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML): A set of web development techniques using many web technologies on the client-side to create asynchronous web applications.
  19. ALG (Application Layer Gateway): A security component that enhances the firewall capability by managing specific application layer protocols, such as SIP, FTP, and so on.
  20. ALM (Application Lifecycle Management): Refers to the capability to integrate, coordinate, and manage the different phases of the software delivery process, from development through deployment.
  21. Alt Key: A modifier key on most computer keyboards, used in conjunction with other keys to execute specific operations.
  22. Alt Tag (Alternative Text): Text associated with an image on a website that gets displayed if the image cannot be loaded, and assists screen-reading tools in describing images to visually impaired readers.
  23. AMOLED (Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode): A display technology used in smartwatches, mobile devices, laptops, and televisions, known for its vibrant colors and low power consumption.
  24. Amplitude Modulation (AM): A modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave.
  25. Analog: A type of signal that is continuous in both time and amplitude, commonly used in traditional telephone and radio communication systems.
  26. ANA (Allied Network Access): Not typically recognized in IT and Telecommunications. (The term might be used in a specific context or company, additional details would be needed.)
  27. ANSI (American National Standards Institute): A private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States.
  28. Anonymous FTP: A means of accessing a network site, typically a server, where the user logs in as “anonymous” and provides their email address as the password, often used to share public files.
  29. Antenna: A transducer that converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa, typically used in radio and television broadcasting.
  30. Apache: An open-source web server software that facilitates the working of websites via the HTTP protocol.
  31. Apache Tomcat: An open-source implementation of the Java Servlet, JavaServer Pages, and Java Expression Language technologies, powering numerous large-scale web applications.
  32. API (Application Programming Interface): A set of rules that allows different software entities to communicate with each other by defining the methods and data formats they can use.
  33. API Economy: The exposure of an organization’s digital services and assets through APIs in a controlled way, which can be used to build new business channels, create partnerships, and unlock new monetization opportunities.
  34. API Endpoint: The path of a URL of a server or service providing API access which the API can use to retrieve or modify data from the API server.
  35. API Gateway: A server that acts as an API front-end, receiving API requests, enforcing throttling and security policies, passing requests to the back-end service, and then passing the response back to the requester.
  36. API Key: A code passed in by computer programs calling an API to identify the calling program, its developer, or its user to the website.
  37. AOE (ATA Over Ethernet): A network protocol designed for simple, high-performance access of SATA storage devices over Ethernet networks.
  38. Ampere: The unit of electric current in the International System of Units.
  39. Android: A mobile operating system developed by Google, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.
  40. Angular: A platform and framework for building client-side applications with HTML, CSS, and TypeScript, developed and maintained by Google.
  41. Ansible: An open-source automation tool, or platform, used for IT tasks such as configuration management, application deployment, intraservice orchestration, and provisioning.
  42. ANT (Another Neat Tool): A Java library and command-line tool whose mission is to drive processes described in build files as targets and extension points dependent upon each other.
  43. Anti-Aliasing (AA): A technique used in computer graphics to reduce aliasing, which are unwanted artifacts or distortions that appear when high-resolution images are displayed in a lower resolution.
  44. Apache Kafka: An open-source distributed event streaming platform used for building real-time streaming data pipelines and streaming applications.
  45. App: Short for “application,” typically referring to software developed for use on wireless devices, such as smartphones or tablets.
  46. Apple: An American multinational technology company known for producing consumer devices, software, and online services.
  47. AppleTalk: A discontinued proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc. for their Macintosh computers.
  48. Applet: A small application designed to perform a specific task within a larger program, commonly used in relation to Java applets.
  49. Application Layer: In networking, the application layer is a layer in a network protocol stack that controls the communication methods between two computers.
  50. Application Lifecycle Management (ALM): A set of pre-defined processes that start when a software application is conceived and ends when it is no longer in use, involving design, development, testing, deployment, and support phases.
  51. Application Performance Management (APM): Encompasses performance, availability, and user experience management to ensure that both hardware and software are operating correctly.
  52. Application Portability: The ability of an application to be portably installed, executed, and accessed across various computing environments.
  53. Application Programming Interface (API): Allows software applications to communicate with each other via defined methods of interaction.
  54. Application Protocol Data Unit (APDU): A packet of data exchanged between two application programs across a network.
  55. Application Server (App Server): Software that provides the business logic for an application program, serving the user interface and database management.
  56. App Server: Often abbreviated as Application Server, it manages app operations between a user and an organization’s backend business applications or databases.
  57. Architecture: In IT, refers to the logical and structural layout of a system, defining how different components interact.
  58. Architecture Driven Modernization (ADM): Focuses on the architecture of the system being developed, including its components and their relationships.
  59. Arduino: An open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software, intended for anyone making interactive projects.
  60. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): A protocol used to map an IP address to a MAC address on a local area network.
  61. Array: In computing, an ordered series of elements of identical type, each of which can be identified by an array index.
  62. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange): A character encoding standard for electronic communication, representing text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text.
  63. ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit): An integrated circuit (IC) customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use.
  64. ASP (Active Server Pages): An older server-side script engine for dynamically-generated web pages from Microsoft.
  65. Aspect Ratio: The ratio of the width to the height of an image or screen.
  66. Assembler: A computer program that translates assembly language into machine language (binary code).
  67. Assembly Language: A low-level programming language that uses a strong correspondence between its instructions and the architecture’s machine code instructions.
  68. Authentication: The process of verifying the identity of a person, device, or system.
  69. AutoCAD: A software application developed by Autodesk, which is used for 2D and 3D computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting.
  70. Autoresponder: An automated program that sends out a pre-written response when it receives an email, commonly used for out-of-office replies.
  71. Autonomous System (AS): A collection of IP networks and routers under the control of a single organization that presents a common routing policy to the internet.
  72. Availability: In IT, it refers to the time a system remains operational and accessible, ensuring that a system’s components are functioning and available when needed.
  73. Avatar: A graphical representation of a user or the user’s alter ego or character, often used in virtual worlds and gaming environments.
  74. AWS (Amazon Web Services): A comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform offered by Amazon, providing a mix of infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and packaged software as a service (SaaS) offerings.
  75. Azure: A cloud computing service created by Microsoft, which developers and IT professionals use to build, deploy, and manage applications through Microsoft’s global network of datacenters.
  76. Azure Active Directory (AAD): Microsoft’s cloud-based identity and access management service, which helps your employees sign in and access resources.
  77. Algorithm: A set of rules or procedures for performing a task, typically by a computer. In IT, algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and automated reasoning tasks.
  78. Alias: In computing, an alias is an alternate name or label that refers to a file, command, address, or other data, used to facilitate user interaction.
  79. Agile Development: A methodology for software development that prioritizes flexibility, collaboration, and customer needs, typically involving iterative progress through small, manageable units of work or ‘sprints’.
  80. API Economy: The exchange of services, functionalities, or data through APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) between businesses, often resulting in the development of new applications or business models.
  81. Attack Vector: A path or means by which a hacker can gain unauthorized access to a computer or network to deliver a payload or malicious outcome.
  82. Augmented Reality (AR): An interactive experience where objects residing in the real world are enhanced by computer-generated perceptual information.
  83. Authentication Header (AH): A part of the Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) protocol suite, which provides a way to authenticate the origin of IP packets.
  84. Authentication Server: A server used to authenticate user or device credentials on a network, often interacting with a user directory or database.
  85. Auto Scaling: A cloud computing feature that enables organizations to scale cloud services such as virtual machines (VMs) and containers up or down automatically, based on defined conditions.
  86. Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ): An error-control method for data transmission that uses acknowledgements and timeouts to achieve reliable data transmission.
  87. Average Handling Time (AHT): A metric in customer service that measures the average duration taken by an agent to resolve a customer’s issue from start to finish.
  88. Availability Zones: Distinct locations within a cloud platform, designed to safeguard applications from failures with physically separated data centers, often in a single region.
  89. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL): A type of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology, enabling faster data transmission over copper telephone lines compared to a conventional voiceband modem.
  90. Authentication Protocol: A type of protocol used to authenticate the identity of a user, device, or system, commonly utilized in communications and data storage.
  91. Authorization: The process of giving someone permission to do or have something. In IT, it’s the process of giving authenticated users permission to access specific resources or operations.
  92. Automatic Payment: A financial transaction that is scheduled to occur automatically according to a preset schedule.
  93. Application Service Provider (ASP): A business that provides computer-based services to customers over a network, such as accessing a particular software application.
  94. Active Directory (AD): A Microsoft technology used to manage and store network, domain, and user information, essentially serving as a directory service for networks.
  95. Address Book: A feature or application that stores and manages details about clients, such as email addresses, phone numbers, and postal addresses.
  96. Algorithm Analysis: The process of evaluating algorithms in order to understand their characteristics, such as runtime and memory requirements.
  97. Apache Hadoop: An open-source software framework used for distributed storage and processing of dataset of big data using the MapReduce programming model.
  98. API Management: The process of designing, publishing, documenting, and analyzing APIs in a secure development environment.
  99. Audio Codec: A program capable of coding or decoding a digital data stream of audio.
  100. Application Layer Gateway (ALG): A security component that augments a firewall or NAT employed in a computer network, by managing the opening and closing of ports and translating the network and transport layer headers.
  101. ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line): Enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines compared to a conventional voiceband modem.
  102. Address Book: Stores and manages details about clients, such as email addresses, phone numbers, and postal addresses.
  103. AD (Active Directory): Microsoft technology used to manage and store network, domain, and user information.
  104. ALG (Application Layer Gateway): Manages the opening and closing of ports and translates the network and transport layer headers.
  105. AMP (Accelerated Mobile Pages): A website publishing technology developed by Google to improve the performance of web content and advertisements.
  106. API (Application Programming Interface): Allows software applications to communicate with each other via defined methods of interaction.
  107. API Economy: Involves the exchange of services, functionalities, or data through APIs between businesses, often resulting in the development of new applications or business models.
  108. API Endpoint: The path of a URL of a server or service providing API access.
  109. API Gateway: A server that acts as an API front-end, receiving API requests, enforcing throttling and security policies, passing requests to the back-end service, and then passing the response back to the requester.
  110. API Key: A code passed in by computer programs calling an API to identify the calling program, its developer, or its user to the website.
  111. API Management: Involves designing, publishing, documenting, and analyzing APIs in a secure development environment.
  112. APM (Application Performance Management): Ensures that both hardware and software are operating correctly by managing performance, availability, and user experience.
  113. App: Short for “application,” typically a software developed for use on wireless devices.
  114. App Server: Manages app operations between a user and an organization’s backend business applications or databases.
  115. Apache Hadoop: Open-source software framework used for distributed storage and processing of big data using the MapReduce programming model.
  116. Apache Kafka: Open-source distributed event streaming platform used for building real-time streaming data pipelines and streaming applications.
  117. Apple: An American multinational technology company known for producing consumer devices, software, and online services.
  118. AppleTalk: Discontinued proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc.
  119. Applet: A small application designed to perform a specific task within a larger program, commonly used in relation to Java applets.
  120. Application Layer: A layer in a network protocol stack that controls the communication methods between two computers.
  121. Application Layer Gateway (ALG): Manages the opening and closing of ports and translates the network and transport layer headers in a network.
  122. Application Portability: Pertains to the capability of an application to be portably installed, executed, and accessed across various computing environments.
  123. Application Programming Interface (API): Enables software applications to communicate through a set of rules and protocols.
  124. Application Protocol Data Unit (APDU): A packet of data exchanged between two application programs across a network.
  125. Application Server (App Server): Manages and provides the business logic for an application program.
  126. Application Service Provider (ASP): A business providing computer-based services to customers over a network.
  127. Arduino: An open-source electronics platform for making interactive projects, focused on easy-to-use hardware and software.
  128. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): Protocol mapping an IP address to a MAC address on a local area network.
  129. Array: An ordered series of elements of identical type, each of which can be identified by an array index.
  130. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange): A character encoding standard for electronic communication.
  131. ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit): An integrated circuit customized for a specific use, rather than general-purpose use.
  132. ASP (Active Server Pages): An older server-side script engine for dynamically generated web pages from Microsoft.
  133. Aspect Ratio: The width-to-height ratio of an image or screen.
  134. Assembler: A computer program that translates assembly language into machine language (binary code).
  135. Assembly Language: A low-level programming language with a strong correspondence to a machine’s code instructions.
  136. Attack Vector: A path or means by which a hacker can gain unauthorized access to deliver a payload or malicious outcome.
  137. Authentication: The process of verifying the identity of a person, device, or system.
  138. Authentication Header (AH): A part of the Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) protocol suite, which authenticates the origin of IP packets.
  139. Authentication Protocol: A protocol used to authenticate a user, device, or system’s identity, commonly used in communications and data storage.
  140. Authentication Server: A server used to authenticate user or device credentials on a network, often interacting with a user directory or database.
  141. Auto Scaling: Enables organizations to automatically scale cloud services, such as virtual machines and containers, based on defined conditions.
  142. AutoCAD: A software application by Autodesk used for 2D and 3D computer-aided design and drafting.
  143. Automatic Payment: A scheduled financial transaction that occurs automatically.
  144. Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ): An error-control method for data transmission that uses acknowledgements and timeouts to achieve reliable data transmission.
  145. Autoresponder: An automated program that sends out a pre-written response when it receives an email.
  146. Avatar: A graphical representation of a user or their alter ego or character, often used in virtual worlds and gaming environments.
  147. Availability: Pertains to the time a system remains operational and accessible, ensuring functioning components when needed.
  148. Availability Zones: Distinct locations within a cloud platform that safeguard applications from failures by utilizing physically separated data centers.
  149. AWS (Amazon Web Services): A comprehensive and widely adopted cloud platform offered by Amazon, providing various services such as IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.
  150. Azure: A cloud computing service created by Microsoft for building, deploying, and managing applications through Microsoft’s global network of data centers.
  151. Azure Active Directory (AAD): Microsoft’s cloud-based identity and access management service, aiding employees in signing in and accessing resources.
  152. Azure Functions: An event-driven, serverless compute platform component of Azure, allowing execution of code in response to events.
  153. B2A (Business-to-Administrator): Refers to transactions conducted between businesses and administrators or government agencies utilizing the internet.
  154. B2B (Business-to-Business): Pertains to transactions between two businesses rather than between a business and individual consumer.
  155. B2C (Business-to-Consumer): Describes businesses selling products or services directly to end-users.
  156. B2E (Business-to-Employee): Refers to interactions and transactions taking place between a business and its employees, often in an online environment.
  157. B2G (Business-to-Government): Entails businesses selling products, services, or information to governments or government agencies.
  158. B2M (Business-to-Manager): Often involves an intra-business category where all transaction activities might be carried out within a single business.
  159. B2P (Business-to-Partner): Deals with transactions or interactions between businesses and their partners or associates.
  160. B4N (Bye for Now): A casual farewell expression, typically used in online and text message conversations.
  161. Backbone Network: A high-speed network that connects and provides a path for data between smaller networks, ensuring communication among the connected networks.
  162. Backend: Refers to any server-side technologies, processes, and database management that enable the client-side of a program to work.
  163. Backdoor: A method of bypassing normal authentication in a product, computer system, cryptosystem, or algorithm, often concealed for illicit uses.
  164. Backup: A copy of data that can be used to restore and recover data after an event like a data loss.
  165. Bandwidth: The maximum rate of data transfer across a particular path or network.
  166. Baseband: A communication technique wherein digital or analog data is sent across a dedicated channel without modulating it to different frequencies.
  167. Bash (Bourne Again SHell): A command processor that typically runs in a text window where the user types commands that cause actions.
  168. Basic Input/Output System (BIOS): An embedded software on a motherboard; it is the first software a PC starts, managing data flow between the computer’s OS and attached devices.
  169. Baud Rate: The speed of data transmission in terms of bits per second (bps).
  170. Bayesian Filter: A method of filtering spam by analyzing the header and content of incoming email messages, utilizing Bayesian statistical methods.
  171. Binary: A base-2 numeral system, using 0s and 1s to represent all numerical values.
  172. Binary Digit (Bit): The most basic unit of data in computing and digital communications, which can be in one of two states, 0 or 1.
  173. Binary Large Object (BLOB): A collection of binary data stored as a single entity, typically as images, audio, or multimedia objects.
  174. BIOS (Basic Input/Output System): Essential firmware used during the booting process to initialize and test system hardware components.
  175. Bit Rate: The number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time, typically measured in bits per second (bps).
  176. Bitcoin: A decentralized digital currency, operating without a central bank, that allows peer-to-peer transactions via a blockchain.
  177. BitLocker: A full-disk encryption feature available in Windows Vista and later, designed to protect data by providing encryption for entire volumes.
  178. Bitwise Operation: An operation that directly manipulates bits, commonly used in programming, communications, and encryption algorithms.
  179. Bluetooth: A wireless technology standard used for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances.
  180. Boot: The process of starting up a computer, initiating the operating system, and checking the connected hardware.
  181. Bootstrap: The procedure of starting a computer, including the loading of the operating system into RAM.
  182. Boot Sector: The section of a hard drive or other storage device containing the files required to start the boot sequence.
  183. Bot: Short for “robot,” it represents a program that operates as an agent for a user or another program and simulates a human activity.
  184. Botnet: A network of private computers infected with malicious software and controlled as a group without the owners’ knowledge.
  185. Bounce Rate: The percentage of visitors who navigate away from a website after viewing only one page.
  186. Breadcrumb Navigation: A control element that provides a user with a hierarchical path to their current location in the application or platform.
  187. Bridge: A device that connects and filters traffic between two or more network segments, making them function as a single network.
  188. Broadband: A high-capacity transmission technique that enables a large number of messages to be communicated simultaneously.
  189. Browser: A software application that allows users to access, retrieve, and view documents on the World Wide Web.
  190. Buffer: A temporary memory area typically used to store data that is being transferred from one place to another.
  191. Buffer Overflow: A situation where a program writes more data to a block of memory, or buffer, than it was allocated for, leading to a potential execution of arbitrary code.
  192. Bug: An error, flaw, or fault in a computer program that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result, or to behave in unintended ways.
  193. Build: A specific version of a software, typically one that is in the development process and has not yet been released to the public.
  194. Bus: A communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers.
  195. Bus Network: A network architecture in which a set of clients share a common communication line or bus.
  196. Bus Topology: A type of network design where each computer and network device is connected to a single cable or path.
  197. Byte: A unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits, representing a binary number.
  198. Bytecode: A form of instruction set designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter, typically used in relation to Java.
  199. C (Programming Language): A general-purpose, procedural computer programming language that supports structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion.
  200. C++ (Programming Language): An extension of the C programming language that includes features like classes and objects, making it one of the first widely accepted Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) languages.
  201. Cache: A hardware or software component that stores data to serve future requests more rapidly.
  202. CAPTCHA: A system designed to differentiate human from machine input, typically used to thwart spam and automated extraction of data from websites.
  203. CDN (Content Delivery Network): A system of distributed servers that work together to provide fast delivery of internet content.
  204. Circuit Switching: A communication method which creates a direct physical connection between two devices.
  205. Class (in programming): A blueprint for creating objects (a particular data structure), providing initial values for state and implementations of behavior.
  206. Cloud Computing: Storing and accessing data and programs over the internet instead of your computer’s hard drive.
  207. CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor): A technology used for constructing integrated circuits, widely used for creating transistors.
  208. Compiler: A software that translates computer code written in one programming language into another language.
  209. Cookies: Small files which are stored on a user’s computer, designed to hold a modest amount of data specific to a client and website.
  210. Cryptography: The practice and study of techniques for securing communication and data from adversaries.
  211. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): A stylesheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a document written in HTML.
  212. Cybersecurity: The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks aimed at accessing, changing, or destroying sensitive information.
  213. Cyberspace: The interconnected technology environment that includes the internet and the computer systems connected to it.
  214. Cyberware: Hardware or machine parts implanted or attached to the human body, typically found in science fiction.
  215. Data Breach: An incident where unauthorized individuals access data, typically containing sensitive, protected, or confidential information.
  216. Data Center: A facility composed of networked computers and storage used to organize, process, store, and disseminate large amounts of data.
  217. Data Encryption Standard (DES): A symmetric-key algorithm for the encryption of digital data, once widely used in the U.S.
  218. Data Mining: The process of discovering patterns, correlations, and anomalies within large data sets to predict outcomes.
  219. Data Warehouse: A central repository of integrated data from one or more disparate sources, used for reporting and data analysis.
  220. Database: A structured set of data held in a computer, especially one that is accessible in various ways.
  221. DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service): An attack where multiple compromised systems are used to target a single system, causing a denial of service.
  222. Debugger: A tool used by programmers to test/inspect and debug code, ensuring it functions as intended.
  223. Deep Web: Parts of the World Wide Web that are not indexed by traditional search engines.
  224. DevOps: A set of practices, tools, and philosophies that improve collaboration between software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops), aiming to shorten the systems development life cycle and provide continuous delivery.
  225. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): A network management protocol used on IP networks wherein a DHCP server dynamically assigns an IP address and other network configuration parameters to each device on a network.
  226. Digital Certificate: A digital form of identification, issued by a Certificate Authority (CA), to validate and certify the identity of the holder.
  227. Digital Signature: A mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital messages or documents.
  228. DMA (Direct Memory Access): A feature that allows peripherals to communicate with memory without utilizing the central processing unit.
  229. DNS (Domain Name System): A hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network.
  230. Docker: An open-source platform that uses OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called containers.
  231. Domain: A realm of administrative autonomy, authority, or control within the internet, defined by the domain name system (DNS).
  232. Dongle: A small device that connects to a computer and has a specific use, like providing access to Wi-Fi, storing data, or added security.
  233. DoS (Denial of Service): An attack that disrupts the regular functioning of a targeted server, service, or network by overwhelming the target or its surrounding infrastructure with a flood of internet traffic.
  234. Driver: Software that enables the operating system to communicate and control a specific piece of hardware.
  235. DRM (Digital Rights Management): A systematic approach to copyright protection for digital media, restricting the use of proprietary hardware and copyrighted works.
  236. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): A technology for the fast transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines, commonly used for internet access.
  237. Edge Computing: A distributed computing paradigm that brings computation and data storage closer to the location where it is needed, to improve response times and save bandwidth.
  238. EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol): A Cisco proprietary routing protocol, which helps to automate the routing decisions and configuration of routers on a network.
  239. Elastic Computing: The ability to quickly expand or decrease computer processing, memory, and storage resources to meet changing demands without worrying about capacity planning and engineering for peak usage.
  240. Encryption: The method of converting plaintext or data into an encoded version to protect it from unauthorized access, especially during transmission or when stored on a transport medium.
  241. Endpoint: In networking, an endpoint refers to a remote computing device that communicates back and forth with a network to which it is connected.
  242. Ethernet: A widely used LAN technology that uses a protocol to manage the placing of data frames on the network.
  243. ETL (Extract, Transform, Load): A data warehousing process that involves extracting data from source systems, transforming it into a format that can be analyzed, and loading it into a data warehouse.
  244. Exabyte: A unit of information or computer storage equal to one quintillion bytes (short scale), or 1×10181×1018 bytes.
  245. Extranet: A controlled private network allowing access to partners, vendors and suppliers or an authorized set of customers – normally to a subset of the information accessible from an organization’s intranet.
  246. Failover: The constant capability to automatically and seamlessly switch to a highly reliable backup.
  247. Firewall: A network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on an organization’s previously established security policies.
  248. Firmware: Permanent software programmed into a read-only memory, essential for controlling hardware.
  249. Front-end: The interface and other parts of the application which interact with the user.
  250. FTP (File Transfer Protocol): A standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network.
  251. Full Stack Development: The development of both front end(client side) and back end(server side) portions of web application.
  252. Gateway: A network point that acts as an entrance to another network, often interfacing different types of network and data formats.
  253. Git: A distributed version control system used to track changes in any set of files, usually used for coordinating work among programmers collaboratively developing source code.
  254. GitHub: A web-based platform that uses Git for version control, enabling multiple people to work on projects at once, making it easier for them to collaborate on projects.
  255. GPU (Graphics Processing Unit): A specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device.
  256. Grid Computing: A form of distributed computing whereby a ‘super and virtual computer’ is composed of a cluster of networked, loosely coupled computers acting in concert to perform large tasks.
  257. GUI (Graphical User Interface): A type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators.
  258. Hacker: A person who uses computers to gain unauthorized access to data.
  259. Hard Drive: A data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material.
  260. Hash Function: A function that converts an input (or ‘message’) into a fixed-length string of bytes, typically a digest that appears to be random.
  261. HCI (Human-Computer Interaction): A field of study focusing on the interfaces between people and computers, striving to make technology more user-friendly and interactive.
  262. HTML (HyperText Markup Language): The standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser, utilized to create structured content on the web.
  263. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol): The foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web, facilitating the transmission of hypertext between users and servers.
  264. HTTPS (HTTP Secure): An extension of HTTP, used for secure communication over a computer network within a web browser.
  265. Hybrid Cloud: A computing environment that combines a public cloud and a private cloud by allowing data and applications to be shared between them.
  266. Hyperlink: A reference to data that the user can follow by clicking or tapping, which redirects them to the linked content.
  267. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): An online service that provides high-level APIs used to dereference various low-level details of underlying network infrastructure.
  268. ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers): A nonprofit organization responsible for coordinating the maintenance and methodologies of several databases related to the namespaces and numerical spaces of the Internet.
  269. IDE (Integrated Development Environment): A software suite that consolidates the basic tools developers need to write and test software.
  270. IoT (Internet of Things): A system of interrelated computing devices, objects, animals, or people provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
  271. IP Address (Internet Protocol Address): A unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network.
  272. ISP (Internet Service Provider): An organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet.
  273. ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library): A set of practices for IT service management (ITSM) that focuses on aligning IT services with the needs of the business.
  274. JavaScript: A programming language that enables interactive web pages and is a part of most web browsers.
  275. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group): A commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography.
  276. Kernel: The central part of an operating system that manages the operations of the computer and the hardware.
  277. KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine): A virtualization module in the Linux kernel that allows the kernel to function as a hypervisor.
  278. LAN (Local Area Network): A computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus, or office building.
  279. Latency: A time interval between the stimulation and response, or, from a more general point of view, a time delay between the cause and the effect of some physical change in the system being observed.
  280. LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol): A protocol for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services over an Internet Protocol (IP) network.
  281. Load Balancer: A device or service that distributes network or application traffic across several servers to maximize throughput and prevent overload.
  282. MAC Address (Media Access Control Address): A unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller for use as a network address in communications within a network segment.
  283. Machine Learning: A subset of AI that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.
  284. Malware: Software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system.
  285. Metadata: Data that provides information about other data, for example, a digital image may include metadata that describes how large the picture is, the color depth, the image resolution, etc.
  286. Microservices: A software development technique that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services.
  287. Middleware: Software that lies between an operating system and the applications running on it, enabling communication and data management.
  288. MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching): A protocol for speeding up and shaping network traffic flows.
  289. Multithreading: The ability of a central processing unit (CPU) or a single core in a multi-core processor to provide multiple threads of execution concurrently.
  290. NAT (Network Address Translation): A method where a network device assigns a public IP address to a computer (or group of computers) inside a private network.
  291. Network Topology: The arrangement of different elements (links, nodes, etc.) in a computer network. It is a structural layout that dictates how different network components and devices are connected.
  292. Node: A connection point inside a network that can receive, send, create, or store data.
  293. OAuth: An open standard for access delegation commonly used for token-based authentication and authorization on the Internet.
  294. OOP (Object-Oriented Programming): A programming paradigm based on the concept of “objects”, which can contain data and code: data in the form of fields, and code, in the form of procedures.
  295. Open Source: A type of software where the original source code is made freely available and may be redistributed and modified.
  296. PaaS (Platform as a Service): A cloud computing service that provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure typically associated with developing and launching an app.
  297. Packet: A unit of data routed between an origin and a destination on the Internet or any other packet-switched network.
  298. Packet Switching: A method of grouping data transmitted over a digital network into packets. Packets are made of a header and a payload. Data in the header is used by networking hardware to direct the packet to its destination.
  299. PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard): A set of security standards designed to ensure that all companies that accept, process, store, or transmit credit card information maintain a secure environment.
  300. Penetration Testing: A type of security testing in which experts evaluate a system for potential vulnerabilities that could be exploited by hackers.
  301. Peripheral: An external device attached to a host computer, but not part of it, and is dependent upon the host.
  302. Phishing: A type of cyber-attack in which a perpetrator attempts to steal sensitive data or information by disguising themselves as a trustworthy entity through electronic communications.
  303. Platform: In IT, a platform is any hardware or software used to host an application or service.
  304. POP (Post Office Protocol): A protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mails from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection.
  305. Port: A communication endpoint in an operating system, which can be associated with a specific process or service.
  306. PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol): A data link layer protocol used to establish a direct connection between two nodes.
  307. Proxy Server: An intermediate server that separates end users from the websites they browse to provide anonymity or bypass security protocols.
  308. QA (Quality Assurance): A way of preventing mistakes or defects in manufactured products and avoiding problems when delivering solutions or services to customers.
  309. Ransomware: A type of malicious software designed to block access to a computer system or computer files until a sum of money is paid.
  310. Redundancy: Additional hardware or software used to prevent systems failure, typically in the form of backup systems or duplicate systems.
  311. REST (Representational State Transfer): An architectural style that defines a set of constraints to be used when creating web services. Web services that conform to the REST architectural style are termed RESTful web services.
  312. Router: A networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks, commonly used to connect networks and route data sent via the internet.
  313. RSS (Really Simple Syndication): A type of web feed which allows users to access updates to online content in a standardized, computer-readable format.
  314. RTOS (Real-Time Operating System): An operating system that is capable of meeting the requirements of real-time systems, which include responding to inputs or events without delay (real-time).
  315. SaaS (Software as a Service): A software licensing and delivery model in which software is provided on a subscription basis and is centrally hosted.
  316. SAN (Storage Area Network): A network which provides access to consolidated, block-level data storage, typically used to enhance storage devices.
  317. Scalability: The capability of a system, network, or process to handle a growing amount of work or its potential to be enlarged in order to accommodate that growth.
  318. SDK (Software Development Kit): A collection of software development tools in one installable package, typically used to develop applications for a specific device or operating system.
  319. SEO (Search Engine Optimization): The practice of optimizing websites to make them reach a high position in Google’s – or another search engine’s – search results.
  320. Server: A computer program or a device that provides functionality for other programs or devices, called “clients”.
  321. Server Farm: A collection of servers that are networked together and used to distribute the workload of processing data.
  322. Shell: A user interface for access to an operating system’s services, often used to launch other programs or manage files.
  323. SIEM (Security Information and Event Management): Solutions that provide real-time analysis of security alerts generated by hardware and applications.
  324. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): A protocol for sending e-mail messages between servers, and from clients to servers for sending.
  325. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): An internet standard protocol for managing devices on IP networks.
  326. Software Engineering: The application of engineering to the development of software in a systematic method.
  327. Spam: Irrelevant or unsolicited messages sent over the Internet, typically to a large number of users, generally for advertising, phishing, spreading malware, etc.
  328. SQL (Structured Query Language): A domain-specific language used in programming and managing relational databases.
  329. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer): A standard protocol for establishing secure network connections by encrypting the link between a web server and a browser.
  330. Subnet: A logically visible subdivision of an IP network, which can efficiently allocate a large block of IP addresses or facilitate routing.
  331. Switch: In networking, a device that connects devices together on a computer network by using packet switching to receive, process, and forward data to the destination device.
  332. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): One of the main protocols in the Internet protocol suite, wherein data is organized into proper packets and reassembled to ensure integrity and reliable data transfer.
  333. Terabyte: A unit of information equal to one trillion bytes, or 10121012 bytes, commonly used to denote a quantity of digital storage.
  334. Thread: The smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically a part of the operating system.
  335. Tokenization: The process of replacing sensitive data with unique identification symbols that retain all the essential data about the data without compromising its security.
  336. Trojan Horse: A type of malicious software that misleads users of its true intent, often disguised as legitimate software.
  337. UI (User Interface): The space where interactions between humans and machines occur, with the goal of effective operation and control of the machine, while providing feedback to the operator.
  338. UML (Unified Modeling Language): A standardized modeling language enabling developers to specify, visualize, construct, and document artifacts of a software system.
  339. URL (Uniform Resource Locator): A reference (an address) to a resource on the Internet.
  340. VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network): A network protocol that enables a single physical LAN to be partitioned into multiple logical LANs, working as if they are on their own separate networks.
  341. VPN (Virtual Private Network): A network that is constructed using public wires — usually the Internet — to connect to a private network, such as a company’s internal network.
  342. WAN (Wide Area Network): A telecommunications network that extends across a large geographic area for the primary purpose of computer networking.
  343. Web Hosting: A service that allows organizations and individuals to post a website or web page onto the Internet.
  344. Web Server: A server software, or hardware dedicated to running said software, that can satisfy client requests on the World Wide Web.
  345. Webhook: An HTTP callback or HTTP POST, that occurs when something happens; a simple event-notification via HTTP POST.
  346. Wi-Fi: A technology for wireless local area networking with devices based on the IEEE 802.11 standards.
  347. Widget: A small software application, or component, that provides a specific piece of functionality such as a clock, a calendar, or a news ticker.
  348. Windows: An operating system developed by Microsoft, which provides a graphical user interface (GUI), virtual memory management, multitasking, and support for many peripheral devices.
  349. WWW (World Wide Web): An information system where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.
  350. XML (Extensible Markup Language): A markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.
  351. XaaS (Everything as a Service): A collective term that represents the delivery of everything as a service, which includes SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS, delivered via the cloud.
  352. XSS (Cross-Site Scripting): A type of computer security vulnerability typically found in web applications, which enables attackers to inject malicious scripts into webpages viewed by other users.
  353. Yottabyte: A unit of information equal to one septillion bytes or 10241024 bytes. Used informally to represent an extremely large amount of data.
  354. Zero-Day: A vulnerability that is known to the software vendor but doesn’t have a patch in place to fix the vulnerability, often exploited by cybercriminals.
  355. Zettabyte: A unit of digital information storage used to denote the size of data. It is equivalent to one sextillion bytes or 10211021 bytes.
  356. Zigbee: A specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols using low-power digital radios to enable secure transmission of data in short-range networks.
  357. ZIP: A file format that supports lossless data compression. A ZIP file may contain one or more files or directories that may have been compressed.
  358. Z-Wave: A wireless communications protocol used primarily for home automation, which allows home appliances to talk to each other via wireless signals.
  359. z/OS: An enterprise operating system for IBM mainframes, including its latest zEnterprise system.
  360. Zone File: A file stored on a domain name server that is used to convert domain names and e-mail destinations to IP addresses.
  361. 1GL (First Generation Language): Machine-level programming language. It’s written in a binary or a similar form that a computer processor can directly execute.
  362. 2GL (Second Generation Language): Assembly languages that have a slightly higher level of abstraction and are specific to a particular computer architecture.
  363. 3GL (Third Generation Language): High-level programming languages, like C, C++, and Java, which allow for abstraction from the hardware and are more machine-independent.
  364. 4GL (Fourth Generation Language): Non-procedural languages that allow users and developers to work at a higher, more abstract level, focusing on defining what to do rather than how to do it, e.g., SQL.
  365. 5GL (Fifth Generation Language): Programming languages that contain visual tools to help develop a program, often used for artificial intelligence and neural networks.
  366. 10BASE-T: A standard for connecting Ethernet devices in a local area network (LAN) that uses twisted pair cables and hubs.
  367. 100BASE-T: A standard for fast Ethernet over copper twisted-pair cables with a speed of 100 Mbps.
  368. 802.11: A set of standards for implementing wireless local area networking (WLAN) communication, developed by the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee.
  369. Active Directory (AD): A directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks, which authenticates and authorizes all users and computers in a network.
  370. ActiveX: A software framework created by Microsoft that adapts its earlier Component Object Model (COM) and Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) technologies for content downloaded from a network.
  371. Agile Methodology: An approach to project management and product development that aligns development with customer needs and company goals.
  372. AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML): A technique for creating fast and dynamic web pages, allowing web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging data with a web server behind the scenes.
  373. Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem, often utilized in programming for problem-solving processes.
  374. Aliasing: The effect that occurs when different signals become indistinguishable or mistaken for each other when sampled.
  375. API (Application Programming Interface): A set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software and applications which specify how software components should interact.
  376. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange): A character encoding standard used for electronic communication that represents text in computers, devices, and communication equipment.
  377. Assembler: A software tool that translates assembly language programs into machine code.
  378. Authentication: The process of identifying an individual, usually based on a username and password to ensure the individual is who they claim to be.
  379. Autoencoder: An artificial neural network used for unsupervised learning of efficient codings, typically used to reconstruct the input.
  380. Autonomous System (AS): A collection of IP networks and routers under the control of a single organization that presents a common routing policy to the Internet.
Telecommunications and IT Handbook