Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a popular and widely used 3D printing technology for creating three-dimensional objects layer by layer.

Here are key points about FDM:

  1. Layered Deposition: FDM is an additive manufacturing process in which a thermoplastic filament is fed through a heated nozzle and deposited layer by layer to build an object. The material is extruded in a semi-liquid state and solidifies as it cools.
  2. Materials: FDM can use a variety of thermoplastic materials, including ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), PLA (Polylactic Acid), PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol), and more. Each material has its own properties, such as strength, flexibility, and heat resistance.
  3. Build Platform: The object is built on a heated build platform or print bed. The heated bed helps with adhesion and reduces warping during printing.
  4. Layer Resolution: FDM 3D printers offer different layer thickness options, which determine the level of detail and surface finish of the printed object. Smaller layer heights result in finer details but may take longer to print.
  5. Support Structures: For overhanging or complex geometries, FDM printers often use support structures made of the same material. These supports are later removed after printing.
  6. Dual Extrusion: Some FDM printers have dual extruders, allowing for the use of multiple materials or colors in a single print job. This can be useful for creating multi-material or multi-color objects.
  7. Post-Processing: 3D prints produced with FDM may require post-processing steps like sanding, painting, or assembly, depending on the desired finish and functionality.
  8. Applications: FDM 3D printing is widely used for rapid prototyping, custom part manufacturing, architectural models, and functional prototypes. It’s also used in education for teaching 3D printing concepts.
  9. Open Source: FDM technology has benefited from open-source development, with many community-contributed improvements, designs, and modifications available to users.
  10. DIY and Consumer Use: FDM 3D printers are available in various sizes and price ranges, making them accessible to hobbyists, makers, and consumers for creating a wide range of objects and projects.
  11. Limitations: While FDM is versatile and cost-effective, it has limitations in terms of print resolution and surface finish compared to more advanced 3D printing technologies like SLA (Stereolithography) and SLS (Selective Laser Sintering). It may also have challenges with overhangs and bridging.

FDM remains one of the most widely used 3D printing technologies due to its affordability, ease of use, and versatility. It is suitable for a wide range of applications, from rapid prototyping to creating functional parts and artistic creations.