Fixed-line services, often referred to as “landline services,” represent the telecommunications services that utilize wired networks to transmit voice and data. Here’s a detailed overview of the primary sectors and sub-sectors within fixed-line services:

1. Voice Services:

  • Residential Telephony: Traditional home phone services.
  • Business Telephony: Dedicated landline services for businesses.
  • ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network): Digital telephony standard for simultaneous digital voice/data services.
  • VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol): Voice services transmitted over the internet.

2. Broadband Internet Access:

  • DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): High-speed internet over copper telephone lines. Examples include ADSL, VDSL.
  • Fiber Optic: High-speed internet using light through optical fiber cables. E.g., FTTP (Fiber to the Premises) and FTTB (Fiber to the Building/Basement).
  • Cable Modem: Internet services provided over the same cables used for cable TV.
  • Leased Lines: Private high-capacity circuits, primarily used by businesses.

3. Data Services:

  • VPN (Virtual Private Network): Secure private network over a public network.
  • Ethernet Services: Services such as Ethernet over Copper (EoC) or Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) used for connectivity in businesses.
  • Frame Relay: Earlier form of packet-switched service used to transmit data between LANs.
  • MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching): Efficient data packet forwarding between network nodes.

4. Specialized Services:

  • Directory Assistance: Phone service used to find out a specific telephone number.
  • Emergency Services: 911 or similar emergency call services.
  • TTY (Teletypewriter): Service for the deaf or hard-of-hearing to communicate over phone lines.

5. Value-Added Services:

  • Caller ID: Service showing the caller’s phone number.
  • Voicemail: Service allowing callers to leave voice messages.
  • Call Forwarding: Redirecting a call to another number.
  • Three-way Calling: Adding a third participant to a call.
  • Call Waiting: Notification of an incoming call while on another call.

6. Subscription Television Services:

  • Cable TV: Television service provided via coaxial or fiber-optic cables.
  • IPTV (Internet Protocol Television): Television content delivered over IP networks.

These are the primary sectors and sub-sectors within fixed-line services. As technology evolves, some of these services may decline in popularity or be replaced by newer technologies, while others may remain foundational to the telecom industry.