Data Order of Magnitude

Binary [bits] Factor	Binary [bits] Term	Decimal Factor	Decimal Term	Item
2⁻¹		10⁻¹		0.415 bits (log₂ 4/3) – the amount of information needed to eliminate one option out of four.
				0.6–1.3 bits – approximate information per letter of English text.
2⁰	bit	10⁰	bit	1 bit – 0 or 1, false or true, Low or High (a.k.a. unibit)
				1.442695 bits (log₂ e) – approximate size of a nat (a unit of information based on natural logarithms)
				1.5849625 bits (log₂ 3) – approximate size of a trit (a base-3 digit)
2¹				2 bits – a crumb (a.k.a. dibit) enough to uniquely identify one base pair of DNA
				3 bits – a triad(e), (a.k.a. tribit) the size of an octal digit
2²	nibble			4 bits – (a.k.a. tetrad(e), nibble, quadbit, semioctet, or half byte) the size of a hexadecimal digit; decimal digits in binary-coded decimal form
				5 bits – the size of code points in the Baudot code, used in telex communication (a.k.a. pentad)
				6 bits – the size of code points in Univac Fieldata, in IBM “BCD” format, and in Braille. Enough to uniquely identify one codon of the genetic code. The size of code points in Base64; thus, often the entropy per character in a randomly-generated password.
				7 bits – the size of code points in the ASCII character set– minimum length to store 2 decimal digits
2³	byte			8 bits – (a.k.a. octet or octad(e)) on many computer architectures.– equivalent to 1 “word” on 8-bit computers (Apple II, Atari 800, Commodore 64, et al.). – the “word size” for 8-bit console systems including Atari 2600, Nintendo Entertainment System
		10¹	decabit	10 bits – minimum bit length to store a single byte with error-correcting computer memory – minimum frame length to transmit a single byte with asynchronous serial protocols
				12 bits – wordlength of the PDP-8 of Digital Equipment Corporation (built from 1965 to 1990)
2⁴				16 bits – the Basic Multilingual Plane of Unicode, containing character codings for almost all modern languages, and a large number of symbols – the basic unit in UTF-16; the full Universal Character Set (Unicode) can be encoded in one or two of these – commonly used in many programming languages, the size of an integer capable of holding 65,536 different values – equivalent to 1 “word” on 16-bit computers (IBM PC, Commodore Amiga) – the “word size” for 16-bit console systems including Sega Genesis, Super Nintendo, Mattel Intellivision
2⁵				32 bits (4 bytes) – the size of an integer capable of holding 4,294,967,296 different values – the size of an IEEE 754 single-precision floating point number – size of addresses in IPv4, the current Internet protocol – equivalent to 1 “word” on 32-bit computers (Apple Macintosh, Pentium-based PC). – the “word size” for various console systems including PlayStation, Nintendo GameCube, Xbox, Wii
				36 bits – size of word on Univac 1100-series computers and Digital Equipment Corporation’s PDP-10
				56 bits (7 bytes) – cipher strength of the DES encryption standard
2⁶				64 bits (8 bytes) – the size of an integer capable of holding 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 different values – the size of an IEEE 754 double-precision floating point number – equivalent to 1 “word” on 64-bit computers (Power, PA-Risc, Alpha, Itanium, Sparc, x86-64 PCs, and Macintoshes). – the “word size” for 64-bit console systems including Nintendo 64, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
				80 bits (10 bytes) – the size of an extended precision floating point number, for intermediate calculations that can be performed in floating point units of most processors of the x86 family.
		10²	hectobit	100 bits
2⁷				128 bits (16 bytes) – size of addresses in IPv6, the successor protocol of IPv4 – minimum cipher strength of the Rijndael and AES encryption standards, and of the widely used MD5 cryptographic message digest algorithm – the size of an SSE vector register, included as part of the x86-64 standard
				160 bits – maximum key length of the SHA-1, standard Tiger (hash function), and Tiger2 cryptographic message digest algorithms
2⁸				256 bits (32 bytes) – minimum key length for the recommended strong cryptographic message digests as of 2004 – size of an AVX2 vector register, present on newer x86-64 CPUs
2⁹				512 bits (64 bytes) – maximum key length for the standard strong cryptographic message digests in 2004 – size of an AVX-512 vector register, present on some x86-64 CPUs
		10³	kilobit	1,000 bits
2¹⁰	kibibit			1,024 bits (128 bytes) – RAM capacity of the Atari 2600
				1,288 bits – approximate maximum capacity of a standard magnetic stripe card
2¹¹				2,048 bits (256 bytes) – RAM capacity of the stock Altair 8800
2¹²				4,096 bits (512 bytes)– typical sector size, and minimum space allocation unit on computer storage volumes, with most file systems – the approximate amount of information on a sheet of single-spaced typewritten paper (without formatting)
				4,704 bits (588 bytes) – uncompressed single-channel frame length in standard MPEG audio (75 frames per second and per channel), with medium quality 8-bit sampling at 44,100 Hz (or 16-bit sampling at 22,050 Hz)
			kilobyte	8,000 bits (1,000 bytes)
2¹³	kibibyte			8,192 bits (1,024 bytes) – RAM capacity of a Sinclair ZX81 and a Sinclair ZX80.
				9,408 bits (1,176 bytes) – uncompressed single-channel frame length in standard MPEG audio (75 frames per second and per channel), with standard 16-bit sampling at 44,100 Hz
		10⁴		15,360 bits – one screen of data displayed on an 8-bit monochrome text console (80×24)
2¹⁴				16,384 bits (2 kibibytes) – one page of typed text, RAM capacity of Nintendo Entertainment System
2¹⁵				32,768 bits (4 kibibytes)
2¹⁶				65,536 bits (8 kibibytes)
		10⁵		100,000 bits
2¹⁷				131,072 bits (16 kibibytes) – RAM capacity of the smallest Sinclair ZX Spectrum.
2¹⁸				262,144 bits (32 kibibytes) – RAM capacity of Matra Alice 90
				393,216 bits (48 kibibytes) – RAM capacity of 48K Sinclair ZX Spectrum
				506 kilobits – approximate size of this article as of 20 May 2019
2¹⁹				524,288 bits (64 kibibytes) – RAM capacity of a lot of popular 8-bit computers like the C-64, Amstrad CPC, etc.
		10⁶	megabit	1,000,000 bits
2²⁰	mebibit			1,048,576 bits (128 kibibytes) – RAM capacity of popular 8-bit computers like the C-128, Amstrad CPC, etc., Or a 1024 x 768-pixel jpeg image.
				1,978,560 bits – a one-page, standard-resolution black-and-white fax (1728 × 1145 pixels)
2²¹				2,097,152 bits (256 kibibytes)
				4,147,200 bits – one frame of uncompressed NTSC DVD video (720 × 480 × 12 bpp Y’CbCr)
2²²				4,194,304 bits (512 kibibytes)
				4,976,640 bits – one frame of uncompressed PAL DVD video (720 × 576 × 12 bpp Y’CbCr)
				5,000,000 bits – Typical English book volume in plain text format of 500 pages × 2000 characters per page and 5 bits per character.
				5,242,880 bits (640 kibibytes) – the maximum addressable memory of the original IBM PC architecture
			megabyte	8,000,000 bits (1,000 kilobytes) – the preferred definition of a megabyte
				8,343,400 bits – one “typical” sized photograph with reasonably good quality (1024 × 768 pixels).
2²³	mebibyte			8,388,608 bits (1,024 kibibytes), one of a few traditional meanings of megabyte
		10⁷		11,520,000 bits – capacity of a lower-resolution computer monitor (as of 2006), 800 × 600 pixels, 24 bpp
				11,796,480 bits – capacity of a 3.5 floppy disk, colloquially known as 1.44 megabytes but actually 1.44 × 1000 × 1024 bytes
2²⁴
16,777,216 bits (2 mebibytes)
25,000,000 bits – amount of data in a typical color slide
				30,000,000 bits – The first commercial hard disk IBM 350 in 1956 could store 3.75 MiB for a cost of US$50,000, equivalent to $498,348 in 2021.
2²⁵				33,554,432 bits (4 mebibytes) – RAM capacity of stock Nintendo 64 and the average size of a music track in MP3 format.
				41,943,040 bits (5 mebibytes) – approximate size of the Complete Works of Shakespeare
				80,000,000 bits – In 1985 a 10 MB hard disk cost US$710, equivalent to $1,789 in 2021.
				98,304,000 bits – capacity of a high-resolution computer monitor as of 2011, 2560 × 1600 pixels, 24 bpp
				50 – 100 megabits – the amount of information in a typical phone book
2²⁶		10⁸		67,108,864 bit (8 mebibytes)
2²⁷				134,217,728 bits (16 mebibytes)
				150 megabits – the amount of data in a large foldout map
2²⁸				268,435,456 bits (32 mebibytes)
				144,000,000 bits: In 1980 an 18 MB hard disk cost US$4,199, equivalent to $13,810 in 2021.
				423,360,000 bits: a five-minute audio recording, in CDDA quality
2²⁹				536,870,912 bits (64 mebibytes)
		10⁹	gigabit	1,000,000,000 bits
2³⁰	gibibit			1,073,741,824 bits (128 mebibytes)
2³¹				2,147,483,648 bits (256 mebibytes)
2³²				4,294,967,296 bits (512 mebibytes)
				5.45×10⁹ bits (650 mebibytes) – capacity of a regular compact disc (CD)
				5.89×10⁹ bits (702 mebibytes) – capacity of a large regular compact disc
				6.4×10⁹ bits – capacity of the human genome (assuming 2 bits for each base pair)
				6,710,886,400 bits – average size of a movie in Divx format in 2002.
			gigabyte	8,000,000,000 bits (1,000 megabytes) – In 1995 a 1 GB hard disk cost US$849, equivalent to $1,510 in 2021.
2³³	gibibyte			8,589,934,592 bits (1,024 mebibytes) – The maximum disk capacity using the 21-bit LBA SCSI standard introduced in 1979.
		10¹⁰		10,000,000,000 bits
2³⁴				17,179,869,184 bits (2 gibibytes). The storage limit of IDE standard for harddisks in 1986, also the volume size limit for the FAT16B file system (with 32 KiB clusters) released in 1987 as well as the maximum file size (2 GiB-1) in DOS operating systems prior to the introduction of large file support in DOS 7.10 (1997).
2³⁵				34,359,738,368 bits (4 gibibytes) – maximum addressable memory for the Motorola 68020 (1984) and Intel 80386 (1985), also the volume size limit for the FAT16B file system (with 64 KiB clusters) as well as the maximum file size (4 GiB-1) in MS-DOS 7.1-8.0.
				3.76×10¹⁰ bits (4.7 gigabytes) – capacity of a single-layer, single-sided DVD
2³⁶				68,719,476,736 bits (8 gibibytes)
				79,215,880,888 bits – 9.2 GiB size of Wikipedia article text compressed with bzip2 on 2013-06-05
		10¹¹		100,000,000,000 bits
2³⁷				137,438,953,472 bits (16 gibibytes).
				1.46×10¹¹ bits (17 gigabytes) – capacity of a double-sided, dual-layered DVD
				2.15×10¹¹ bits (25 gigabytes) – capacity of a single-sided, single-layered 12-cm Blu-ray
2³⁸				274,877,906,944 bits (32 gibibytes)
2³⁹				549,755,813,888 bits (64 gibibytes)
		10¹²	terabit	1,000,000,000,000 bits
2⁴⁰	tebibit			1,099,511,627,776 bits (128 gibibytes) – estimated capacity of the Polychaos dubium genome, the largest known genome. The storage limit for ATA-1-compliant disks was introduced in 1994.
				1.6×10¹² bits (200 gigabytes) – capacity of a hard disk that would be considered average as of 2008. In 2005 a 200 GB hard disk cost US$100, equivalent to $139 in 2021. As of April 2015, this is the maximum capacity of a fingernail-sized microSD card.
2⁴¹				2,199,023,255,552 bits (256 gibibytes) – As of 2017, this is the maximum capacity of a fingernail-sized microSD card
2⁴²				4,398,046,511,104 bits (512 gibibytes)
			terabyte	8,000,000,000,000 bits (1,000 gigabytes) – In 2010 a 1 TB hard disk cost US$80,^[5] equivalent to $99 in 2021.
2⁴³	tebibyte			8,796,093,022,208 bits (1,024 gibibytes)
		10¹³		10,000,000,000,000 bits (1.25 terabytes) – capacity of a human being’s functional memory, according to Raymond Kurzweil in The Singularity Is Near, p. 126
				16,435,678,019,584 bits (1.9 terabytes) – Size of all multimedia files used in the English Wikipedia in May 2012
2⁴⁴				17,592,186,044,416 bits (2 tebibytes) – Maximum size of MBR partitions used in PCs introduced in 1983, also the maximum disk capacity using the 32-bit LBA SCSI introduced in 1987
2⁴⁵				35,184,372,088,832 bits (4 tebibytes)
2⁴⁶				70,368,744,177,664 bits (8 tebibytes)
		10¹⁴		100,000,000,000,000 bits
2⁴⁷				140,737,488,355,328 bits (16 tebibytes). NTFS volume capacity in Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, or earlier implementation.
				1.5×10¹⁴ bits (18.75 terabytes)
2⁴⁸				281,474,976,710,656 bits (32 tebibytes)
				(approximately) 4×1014 bits – as of 2022, data of π to the largest number of decimal digits ever calculated (1×1014).
2⁴⁹				562,949,953,421,312 bits (64 tebibytes)
		10¹⁵	petabit	1,000,000,000,000,000 bits
2⁵⁰	pebibit			1,125,899,906,842,624 bits (128 tebibytes)
2⁵¹				2,251,799,813,685,248 bits (256 tebibytes)
2⁵²				4,503,599,627,370,496 bits (512 tebibytes)
			petabyte	8,000,000,000,000,000 bits (1,000 terabytes)
2⁵³	pebibyte			9,007,199,254,740,992 bits (1,024 tebibytes)
		10¹⁶		10,000,000,000,000,000 bits
2⁵⁴				18,014,398,509,481,984 bits (2 pebibytes)
2⁵⁵				36,028,797,018,963,968 bits (4 pebibytes) – theoretical maximum of addressable physical memory in the AMD64 architecture
				4.5×10¹⁶ bits (5.625 petabytes) – estimated hard drive space in Google‘s server farm as of 2004
2⁵⁶				72,057,594,037,927,936 bits (8 pebibytes)
				10 petabytes (10¹⁶ bytes) – estimated approximate size of the Library of Congress’s collection, including non-book materials, as of 2005. The size of the Internet Archive topped 10 PB in October 2013
		10¹⁷		100,000,000,000,000,000 bits
2⁵⁷				144,115,188,075,855,872 bits (16 pebibytes)
				2×10¹⁷ bits (25 petabytes) – Storage space of Megaupload file-hosting service at the time it was shut down in 2012
2⁵⁸				288,230,376,151,711,744 bits (32 pebibytes)
2⁵⁹				576,460,752,303,423,488 bits (64 pebibytes)
				8 ×10¹⁷, the storage capacity of the fictional Star Trek character Data
		10¹⁸	exabit	1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits
2⁶⁰	exbibit			1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bits (128 pebibytes). The storage limit using the 48-bit LBA ATA-6 standard was introduced in 2002.
				1.6×10¹⁸ bits (200 petabytes) – the total amount of printed material in the world
				2×10¹⁸ bits (250 petabytes) – storage space at Facebook data warehouse as of June 2013, growing at a rate of 15 PB/month.
2⁶¹				2,305,843,009,213,693,952 bits (256 pebibytes)
				2.4×10¹⁸ bits (300 petabytes) – storage space at Facebook data warehouse as of April 2014, growing at a rate of 0.6 PB/day.
2⁶²				4,611,686,018,427,387,904 bits (512 pebibytes)
			exabyte	8,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits (1,000 petabytes)
2⁶³	exbibyte			9,223,372,036,854,775,808 bits (1,024 pebibytes)
		10¹⁹		10,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits
2⁶⁴				18,446,744,073,709,551,616 bits (2 exbibytes).
2⁶⁵				36,893,488,147,419,103,232 bits (4 exbibytes)
				50,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits (50 exabit)
2⁶⁶				73,786,976,294,838,206,464 bits (8 exbibytes)
		10²⁰		100,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits
				1.2×10²⁰ bits (15 exabytes) – estimated storage space at Google data warehouse as of 2013
2⁶⁷				147,573,952,589,676,412,928 bits (16 exbibytes) – maximum addressable memory using 64-bit addresses without segmentation. Maximum file size for ZFS filesystem.
2⁶⁸				295,147,905,179,352,825,856 bits (32 exbibytes)
				3.5 × 10²⁰ bits – increase in information capacity when 1 joule of energy is added to a heat bath at 300 K (27 °C)
2⁶⁹				590,295,810,358,705,651,712 bits (64 exbibytes)
		10²¹	zettabit	1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits
2⁷⁰	zebibit			1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bits (128 exbibytes)
2⁷¹				2,361,183,241,434,822,606,848 bits (256 exbibytes)
				3.4×10²¹ bits (0.36 zettabytes) – the amount of information that can be stored in 1 gram of DNA
				4.7×10²¹ bits (0.50 zettabytes) – the amount of digitally stored information in the world as of May 2009
				4.8×10²¹ bits (0.61 zettabytes) – total hard drive capacity shipped in 2016
2⁷²				4,722,366,482,869,645,213,696 bits (512 exbibytes)
			zettabyte	8,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits (1,000 exabytes)
2⁷³	zebibyte			9,444,732,965,739,290,427,392 bits (1,024 exbibytes)
		10²²		10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits
2⁷⁶				2⁷⁶ bits – Maximum volume and file size in the Unix File System (UFS) and maximum disk capacity using the 64-bit LBA SCSI standard introduced in 2000 using 512-byte blocks.
		10²³		1.0×10²³ bits – increase in information capacity when 1 joule of energy is added to a heat bath at 1 K (−272.15 °C)
2⁷⁷				6.0×10²³ bits – information content of 1 mole (12.01 g) of graphite at 25 °C; equivalent to an average of 0.996 bits per atom.
		10²⁴	yottabit	1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits
				7.3×10²⁴ bits – information content of 1 mole (18.02 g) of liquid water at 25 °C; equivalent to an average of 12.14 bits per molecule.
2⁸⁰	yobibit			1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 bits (128 zebibytes)
			yottabyte	8,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits (1,000 zettabytes)
2⁸³	yobibyte			9,671,406,556,917,033,397,649,408 bits (1,024 zebibytes)
		10²⁵		1.1×10²⁵ bits – entropy increase of 1 mole (18.02 g) of water, on vaporizing at 100 °C at standard pressure; equivalent to an average of 18.90 bits per molecule.
				1.5×10²⁵ bits – information content of 1 mole (20.18 g) of neon gas at 25 °C and 1 atm; equivalent to an average of 25.39 bits per atom.
Beyond standardized SI / IEC (binary) prefixes	Beyond standardized SI / IEC (binary) prefixes	Beyond standardized SI / IEC (binary) prefixes	Beyond standardized SI / IEC (binary) prefixes	Beyond standardized SI / IEC (binary) prefixes
2¹³¹	N/A	10³⁹	N/A	2¹³¹ bits, 2¹²⁸ bytes – theoretical maximum volume size of the ZFS filesystem.
2¹⁵⁰	N/A	10⁴²	N/A	~ 10⁴² bits – the number of bits required to perfectly recreate the natural matter of the average-sized U.S. adult male human brain down to the quantum level on a computer is about 2.6×10⁴² bits of information (see Bekenstein bound for the basis for this calculation).
2¹⁹³	N/A	10⁵⁸	N/A	~ 10⁵⁸ bits – thermodynamic entropy of the sun (about 30 bits per proton, plus 10 bits per electron).
2²³⁰	N/A	10⁶⁹	N/A	~ 10⁶⁹ bits – thermodynamic entropy of the Milky Way Galaxy (counting only the stars, not the black holes within the galaxy)
2²⁵⁵	N/A	10⁷⁷	N/A	1.5×10⁷⁷ bits – information content of a one-solar-mass black hole.
2³⁰⁵	N/A	10⁹⁰	N/A	The information capacity of the observable universe, according to Seth Lloyd (not including gravitation)

Orders of magnitude (data). (2022, December 17). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(data)

Bit

Bits