A breaker panel, also known as an electrical panel or circuit breaker panel, is a critical component of the electrical system in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Its primary function is to distribute electrical power from the main electrical supply to various circuits throughout the building while providing overload and short-circuit protection. Here are some key points about breaker panels:
Main Electrical Service Entrance: The breaker panel is usually located near the main electrical service entrance of a building. It serves as a central point where electrical power from the utility company’s service lines enters the building.
Circuit Breakers: The main feature of a breaker panel is the circuit breakers themselves. Circuit breakers are switches that automatically disconnect electrical circuits when they detect an overload or short circuit. They help prevent electrical fires and protect electrical devices from damage.
Individual Circuit Breakers: Inside the breaker panel, there are individual circuit breakers that control specific electrical circuits in the building. These circuits can supply power to outlets, lighting, appliances, and other electrical devices. Each circuit breaker is labeled to indicate which part of the building it controls.
Main Disconnect: The breaker panel typically includes a main disconnect switch or breaker. This switch allows the building’s electrical supply to be shut off completely in case of an emergency or for maintenance purposes.
Overcurrent Protection: Circuit breakers provide overcurrent protection. They will trip (turn off) if they sense that a circuit is drawing too much current, which could lead to overheating and potentially cause a fire.
Types of Breaker Panels: There are different types of breaker panels, including:
- Main Lug Only (MLO) Panels: These panels do not have a main disconnect switch and are typically used as subpanels in buildings.
- Main Breaker Panels: These panels have a main circuit breaker that can shut off all power to the building.
- Fuse Boxes: In older buildings, you might find fuse boxes instead of circuit breakers. Fuses serve a similar purpose in providing overcurrent protection.
Installation and Safety: Breaker panels should be installed by qualified electricians to ensure they meet safety standards and local electrical codes. Proper installation and maintenance are crucial for electrical safety.
Capacity: Breaker panels are rated for a maximum electrical load, typically measured in amperes (e.g., 100A, 200A). The capacity of the panel must match the building’s electrical demand.
Labeling: It’s essential to keep the breaker panel well-labeled to identify which circuit each breaker controls. This labeling makes it easier to locate and isolate circuits when needed.
Upgrades: In some cases, older buildings may require breaker panel upgrades to accommodate increased electrical demands, such as when adding new appliances or circuits.
Regular inspection and maintenance of the breaker panel are important to ensure its proper functioning and electrical safety within a building.