A branched circuit is a type of electrical circuit configuration where the current flow diverges into multiple paths, creating branches. In a branched circuit, the main current path splits into two or more subsidiary paths, each containing its own set of components. Branched circuits are commonly used in electrical systems to power multiple devices or components independently.

Key characteristics of branched circuits include:

  1. Multiple Paths: In a branched circuit, there are multiple paths for the current to follow. Each branch can have its own combination of components, such as resistors, capacitors, or loads (devices that consume electrical power).
  2. Parallel Configuration: Branched circuits are typically configured in parallel, meaning that the voltage across each branch is the same, but the current may vary depending on the branch’s resistance or impedance. Parallel branches connect to the same voltage source or bus.
  3. Independent Operation: Each branch operates independently of the others. If a component in one branch fails or is disconnected, it does not affect the operation of components in other branches.
  4. Current Division: In a branched circuit, the total current supplied by the voltage source divides among the different branches based on their resistance or impedance. Branches with lower resistance draw more current, while branches with higher resistance draw less.
  5. Example: A common example of a branched circuit is a household electrical circuit. The electrical panel supplies power to multiple outlets and appliances throughout a home. Each outlet or appliance is connected in parallel to the electrical panel, creating branches. If you turn on one appliance (e.g., a lamp), it does not affect the operation of other appliances (e.g., a refrigerator) connected to different outlets.

Branched circuits offer flexibility and the ability to power multiple devices simultaneously without affecting their operation. They are a fundamental concept in electrical engineering and are used extensively in various applications, from residential wiring to complex industrial and commercial electrical systems.