Scandium (Sc) – Zinc (Zn)

  • Atomic Number: 21
  • Symbol: Sc
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{38}$Sc: Half-life is < 150 ns, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
    • $^{39}$Sc: Half-life is 300 ns, decays via Proton Emission.
    • $^{40}$Sc: Half-life is 182.3 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{41}$Sc: Half-life is 596.3 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{42}$Sc: Half-life is 680.9 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{43}$Sc: Half-life is 3.89 h, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{44}$Sc: Half-life is 3.927 h, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{45}$Sc: Stable.
    • $^{46}$Sc: Half-life is 83.79 d, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{47}$Sc: Half-life is 3.3492 d, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{48}$Sc: Half-life is 43.67 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{49}$Sc: Half-life is 57.2 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{50}$Sc: Half-life is 1.76 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{51}$Sc: Half-life is 12.4 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{52}$Sc: Half-life is 3.5 s, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{53}$Sc: Half-life is 1.8 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{54}$Sc: Half-life is 600 ms, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{55}$Sc: Half-life is 115 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{56}$Sc: Half-life is < 70 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.

Titanium (Ti)

  • Atomic Number: 22
  • Symbol: Ti
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{39}$Ti: Half-life is 31 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
    • $^{40}$Ti: Half-life is 55.7 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
    • $^{41}$Ti: Half-life is 80 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
    • $^{42}$Ti: Half-life is 200 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{43}$Ti: Half-life is 509 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{44}$Ti: Half-life is 60.0 y, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{45}$Ti: Half-life is 1.696 h, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{46}$Ti: Stable.
    • $^{47}$Ti: Stable.
    • $^{48}$Ti: Stable.
    • $^{49}$Ti: Stable.
    • $^{50}$Ti: Stable.
    • $^{51}$Ti: Half-life is 5.76 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{52}$Ti: Half-life is 1.7 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{53}$Ti: Half-life is 32.7 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{54}$Ti: Half-life is 1.5 s, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{55}$Ti: Half-life is 150 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{56}$Ti: Half-life is 70 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{57}$Ti: Half-life is 30 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{58}$Ti: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.

Vanadium (V)

  • Atomic Number: 23
  • Symbol: V
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{42}$V: Half-life is < 260 ns, decays via Proton Emission.
    • $^{43}$V: Half-life is 41 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
    • $^{44}$V: Half-life is 111 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{45}$V: Half-life is 547 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{46}$V: Half-life is 422.5 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{47}$V: Half-life is 32.6 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{48}$V: Half-life is 15.9735 d, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{49}$V: Half-life is 330 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{50}$V: Half-life is 1.4 x 10¹⁴ y, decays via Electron Capture and Beta Decay.
    • $^{51}$V: Stable.
    • $^{52}$V: Half-life is 3.743 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{53}$V: Half-life is 1.636 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{54}$V: Half-life is 490 ms, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{55}$V: Half-life is 654 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{56}$V: Half-life is 215 ms, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{57}$V: Half-life is 35 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{58}$V: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.

Chromium (Cr)

  • Atomic Number: 24
  • Symbol: Cr
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{43}$Cr: Half-life is 21.6 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
    • $^{44}$Cr: Half-life is 54 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{45}$Cr: Half-life is 50 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{46}$Cr: Half-life is 200 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{47}$Cr: Half-life is 500 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{48}$Cr: Half-life is 21.56 h, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{49}$Cr: Half-life is 42.3 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{50}$Cr: Stable.
    • $^{51}$Cr: Half-life is 27.7025 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{52}$Cr: Stable.
    • $^{53}$Cr: Stable.
    • $^{54}$Cr: Stable.
    • $^{55}$Cr: Half-life is 3.497 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{56}$Cr: Half-life is 5.94 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{57}$Cr: Half-life is 1.1 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{58}$Cr: Half-life is 7.6 s, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{59}$Cr: Half-life is 520 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{60}$Cr: Half-life is 98 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{61}$Cr: Half-life is 29 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{62}$Cr: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.

Manganese (Mn)

  • Atomic Number: 25
  • Symbol: Mn
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{46}$Mn: Half-life is 1.3 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
    • $^{47}$Mn: Half-life is 100 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{48}$Mn: Half-life is 158.1 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{49}$Mn: Half-life is 382 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{50}$Mn: Half-life is 283.8 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{51}$Mn: Half-life is 46.2 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{52}$Mn: Half-life is 5.591 d, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{53}$Mn: Half-life is 3.7 x 10⁶ y, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{54}$Mn: Half-life is 312.3 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{55}$Mn: Stable.
    • $^{56}$Mn: Half-life is 2.5789 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{57}$Mn: Half-life is 85.0 s, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{58}$Mn: Half-life is 3.0 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{59}$Mn: Half-life is 460 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{60}$Mn: Half-life is 270 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{61}$Mn: Half-life is 58 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{62}$Mn: Half-life is 24 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{63}$Mn: Half-life is 14 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{64}$Mn: Half-life is < 120 ns, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.

Iron (Fe)

  • Atomic Number: 26
  • Symbol: Fe
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{48}$Fe: Half-life is 44 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
    • $^{49}$Fe: Half-life is 75 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{50}$Fe: Half-life is 1.62 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{51}$Fe: Half-life is 305 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{52}$Fe: Half-life is 8.275 h, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{53}$Fe: Half-life is 8.51 min, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{54}$Fe: Stable.
    • $^{55}$Fe: Half-life is 2.737 y, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{56}$Fe: Stable.
    • $^{57}$Fe: Stable.
    • $^{58}$Fe: Stable.
    • $^{59}$Fe: Half-life is 44.495 d, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{60}$Fe: Half-life is 2.6 x 10⁶ y, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{61}$Fe: Half-life is 5.98 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{62}$Fe: Half-life is 68 s, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{63}$Fe: Half-life is 6.1 s, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{64}$Fe: Half-life is 2.0 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{65}$Fe: Half-life is 810 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{66}$Fe: Half-life is 350 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{67}$Fe: Half-life is 220 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{68}$Fe: Half-life is 110 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{69}$Fe: Half-life is 50 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.

Cobalt (Co)

  • Atomic Number: 27
  • Symbol: Co
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{50}$Co: Half-life is 35 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
    • $^{51}$Co: Half-life is 38 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
    • $^{52}$Co: Half-life is 115 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{53}$Co: Half-life is 247 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
    • $^{54}$Co: Half-life is 193.28 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{55}$Co: Half-life is 17.53 h, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{56}$Co: Half-life is 77.27 d, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{57}$Co: Half-life is 271.79 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{58}$Co: Half-life is 70.86 d, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{59}$Co: Stable.
    • $^{60}$Co: Half-life is 5.2713 y, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{61}$Co: Half-life is 1.65 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{62}$Co: Half-life is 1.5 s, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{63}$Co: Half-life is 275 ms, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{64}$Co: Half-life is 363 ms, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{65}$Co: Half-life is 148 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{66}$Co: Half-life is 65 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{67}$Co: Half-life is 42 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{68}$Co: Half-life is 27 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{69}$Co: Half-life is 18 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.

Nickel (Ni)

  • Atomic Number: 28
  • Symbol: Ni
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{51}$Ni: Half-life is < 300 ns, decays via Proton Emission.
    • $^{52}$Ni: Half-life is 38 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
    • $^{53}$Ni: Half-life is 45 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{54}$Ni: Half-life is 104 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{55}$Ni: Half-life is 204 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{56}$Ni: Half-life is 6.075 d, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{57}$Ni: Half-life is 35.60 h, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{58}$Ni: Stable.
    • $^{59}$Ni: Half-life is 7.6 x 10⁴ y, decays via Electron Capture.
    • $^{60}$Ni: Stable.
    • $^{61}$Ni: Stable.
    • $^{62}$Ni: Stable.
    • $^{63}$Ni: Half-life is 101.2 y, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{64}$Ni: Stable.
    • $^{65}$Ni: Half-life is 2.517 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{66}$Ni: Half-life is 54.6 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{67}$Ni: Half-life is 21 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{68}$Ni: Half-life is 29 s, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{69}$Ni: Half-life is 11 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{70}$Ni: Half-life is 6.0 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{71}$Ni: Half-life is 2.5 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{72}$Ni: Half-life is 1.6 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{73}$Ni: Half-life is 1.1 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{74}$Ni: Half-life is 420 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{75}$Ni: Half-life is 210 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{76}$Ni: Half-life is 100 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{77}$Ni: Half-life is 70 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{78}$Ni: Half-life is 5.2 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.

Copper (Cu)

  • Atomic Number: 29
  • Symbol: Cu
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{55}$Cu: Half-life is 40 ms, decays via Proton Emission.
    • $^{56}$Cu: Half-life is 93 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
    • $^{57}$Cu: Half-life is 199.3 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{58}$Cu: Half-life is 3.204 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{59}$Cu: Half-life is 81.5 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{60}$Cu: Half-life is 23.7 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{61}$Cu: Half-life is 3.333 h, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{62}$Cu: Half-life is 9.74 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{63}$Cu: Stable.
    • $^{64}$Cu: Half-life is 12.701 h, decays via Beta Decay, Positron Emission, and Electron Capture.
    • $^{65}$Cu: Stable.
    • $^{66}$Cu: Half-life is 5.12 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{67}$Cu: Half-life is 61.83 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{68}$Cu: Half-life is 30 s, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{69}$Cu: Half-life is 2.85 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{70}$Cu: Half-life is 42 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{71}$Cu: Half-life is 19.5 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{72}$Cu: Half-life is 6.6 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{73}$Cu: Half-life is 4.2 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{74}$Cu: Half-life is 1.59 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{75}$Cu: Half-life is 1.44 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{76}$Cu: Half-life is 600 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{77}$Cu: Half-life is 450 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{78}$Cu: Half-life is 290 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{79}$Cu: Half-life is 188 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{80}$Cu: Half-life is 100 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.

Zinc (Zn)

  • Atomic Number: 30
  • Symbol: Zn
  • Isotopes:
    • $^{54}$Zn: Half-life is 1.3 ms, decays via Proton Emission and Positron Emission.
    • $^{55}$Zn: Half-life is 10 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
    • $^{56}$Zn: Half-life is 35 ms, decays via Positron Emission and Proton Emission.
    • $^{57}$Zn: Half-life is 38 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{58}$Zn: Half-life is 84 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{59}$Zn: Half-life is 182.0 ms, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{60}$Zn: Half-life is 2.38 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{61}$Zn: Half-life is 40.8 s, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{62}$Zn: Half-life is 9.186 h, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{63}$Zn: Half-life is 38.47 min, decays via Positron Emission.
    • $^{64}$Zn: Stable.
    • $^{65}$Zn: Half-life is 244.26 d, decays via Positron Emission and Electron Capture.
    • $^{66}$Zn: Stable.
    • $^{67}$Zn: Stable.
    • $^{68}$Zn: Stable.
    • $^{69}$Zn: Half-life is 56.4 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{70}$Zn: Stable.
    • $^{71}$Zn: Half-life is 2.44 min, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{72}$Zn: Half-life is 46.5 h, decays via Beta Decay.
    • $^{73}$Zn: Half-life is 23.5 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{74}$Zn: Half-life is 9.5 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{75}$Zn: Half-life is 10.2 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{76}$Zn: Half-life is 5.7 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{77}$Zn: Half-life is 2.08 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{78}$Zn: Half-life is 1.47 s, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{79}$Zn: Half-life is 995 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{80}$Zn: Half-life is 545 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{81}$Zn: Half-life is 290 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{82}$Zn: Half-life is 190 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.
    • $^{83}$Zn: Half-life is 110 ms, decays via Beta Decay and Neutron Emission.

Next batch: Elements 31-40.

Gallium (Ga) – Zirconium (Zr) – SolveForce Communications

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VoIP

Voice over Internet Protocol carries phone calls over an IP network instead of a traditional analog phone line. Call quality depends on network stability, latency, and traffic management.

Unified Communications (UCaaS)

A cloud-based combination of business calling, messaging, meetings, presence, and collaboration tools managed as one communications service.

SIP Trunking

A service that connects a business phone system to the public telephone network using Internet Protocol, replacing or supplementing traditional phone lines.

Bandwidth

The amount of data a connection can carry in a given time, usually measured in Mbps or Gbps. More bandwidth supports more users, devices, and simultaneous applications.

Latency

The time it takes data to travel between two points. Lower latency improves voice, video meetings, cloud applications, gaming, and other real-time services.

Service-Level Agreement (SLA)

A provider’s written commitment covering service targets such as availability, response time, repair time, and sometimes financial credits when commitments are missed.