Notation. Nuclides are written with the mass number as a left superscript (e.g., ²⁹³Lv).
Columns. Stable? — Livermorium has no stable isotopes. Half-lives = evaluated values. Decay → daughter(s) shows main branches. Radiation: α, SF (spontaneous fission). Origin: all isotopes are synthetic. Uses: R research only.
Primary data spine: evaluated Isotopes of livermorium (ENSDF/NUBASE 2020).
Table — ground states
| Nuclide | Z | A | Stable? | Half-life | Decay → daughter(s) | Radiation | Origin | Notes & Uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ²⁹⁰Lv | 116 | 290 | No | ~16 ms | α → ²⁸⁶Fl | α | Fusion-evap. | R. |
| ²⁹¹Lv | 116 | 291 | No | ~18 ms | α → ²⁸⁷Fl | α | Synthetic | R. |
| ²⁹²Lv | 116 | 292 | No | ~18 ms | α → ²⁸⁸Fl | α | Synthetic | R. |
| ²⁹³Lv | 116 | 293 | No | ~60 ms | α → ²⁸⁹Fl | α | Synthetic (Dubna–LLNL) | Key isotope in discovery. |
| ²⁹⁴Lv | 116 | 294 | No | ~53 ms | α → ²⁹⁰Fl | α | Synthetic | Often observed in decay chains. |
| ²⁹⁵Lv | 116 | 295 | No | ~90 ms | α → ²⁹¹Fl | α | Synthetic | Slightly longer-lived isotope. |
| ²⁹⁶Lv | 116 | 296 | No | ~60 ms | α → ²⁹²Fl | α | Synthetic | Reported in cold fusion experiments. |
Natural isotopes of livermorium
- None.
- All isotopes are synthetic, first produced in 2000 at JINR Dubna (Russia) by bombarding curium-248 with calcium-48.
- Officially recognized as element 116 in 2011, named Livermorium (after Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory).
Applied & research highlights
- ²⁹³Lv (~60 ms): the isotope central to the discovery of Lv and to decay chains leading down to flerovium (Z = 114) and copernicium (Z = 112).
- Livermorium is in Group 16 (like Se, Te, Po), but relativistic effects likely give it unique chemistry.
- Theoretical predictions: Lv may show properties of a noble metal rather than a chalcogen, though this has not been experimentally confirmed.
- No practical applications — production limited to a handful of atoms in accelerator experiments.
Totals — Livermorium (Z = 116)
- Ground-state isotopes listed7 (A = 290–296).
- Stable0.
- Unstable7.
Running cumulative totals (through Lv):
From Mc ledger: ≥ 3 341 total, 252 stable, ≥ 3 088 unstable.
Add Lv (+7 total, +0 stable, +7 unstable) → ≥ 3 348 total, 252 stable, ≥ 3 095 unstable.
Sources
- Isotopic list (A = 290–296)Isotopes of livermorium (ENSDF/NUBASE 2020).
- Discovery (Dubna–LLNL, 2000)Ca-48 + Cm-248 fusion.
- Naming (2011)IUPAC official adoption of “Livermorium”.
Next element: Tennessine — Ts (Z = 117).
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