Notation: mass number as a left superscript (e.g., ¹¹⁹Sn).
Columns: Isotope | Z | A | Stable? | Half‑life | Decay mode(s) | Daughter | Radiation | Origin | Uses | Notes.
Backbone: half‑lives/branches/daughters from the evaluated Isotopes of tin list; natural isotopic composition from CIAAW. Cornerstones: ¹⁰⁰Sn and ¹³²Sn are doubly magic benchmarks; ¹²⁶Sn is a long‑lived fission product; ¹¹³Sn → ¹¹³ᵐIn is a classic generator pair; ¹¹⁹ᵐSn underpins Mössbauer spectroscopy; ¹¹⁷ᵐSn is under active therapeutic development. (Wikipedia, CIAAW, CIAAW, Akademiai Kiado, ScienceDirect, Physical Review Links)
| Isotope | Z | A | Stable? | Half‑life | Decay mode(s) | Daughter | Radiation | Origin | Uses | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ⁹⁹Sn | 50 | 99 | No | 24(4) ms | β⁺ 95%; β⁺,p 5% | ⁹⁹In; ⁹⁸Cd | β⁺; delayed p | Synthetic (p‑rich) | Dripline mapping | Mass/branch trends near dripline. (Wikipedia) |
| ¹⁰⁰Sn | 50 | 100 | No | 1.18(8) s | β⁺ > 83%; β⁺,p < 17% | ¹⁰⁰In; ⁹⁹Cd | β⁺; delayed p | Projectile fragmentation | Doubly magic N=Z=50; precision β‑decay studies. (Wikipedia, Physical Review Links, Astrophysics Data System) | |
| ¹⁰¹Sn | 50 | 101 | No | 2.22(5) s | β⁺; β⁺,p? | ¹⁰¹In; ¹⁰⁰Cd | β⁺; p? | Synthetic | — | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹⁰²Sn | 50 | 102 | No | 3.8(2) s | β⁺ | ¹⁰²In | β⁺ | Synthetic | — | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹⁰³Sn | 50 | 103 | No | 7.0(2) s | β⁺ 98.8%; β⁺,p 1.2% | ¹⁰³In; ¹⁰²Cd | β⁺; delayed p | Synthetic | — | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹⁰⁴Sn | 50 | 104 | No | 20.8(5) s | β⁺ | ¹⁰⁴In | β⁺ | Synthetic | — | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹⁰⁵Sn | 50 | 105 | No | 32.7(5) s | β⁺ (+ β⁺,p ≈ 1.1×10⁻⁴) | ¹⁰⁵In; ¹⁰⁴Cd | β⁺; delayed p | Synthetic | — | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹⁰⁶Sn | 50 | 106 | No | 1.92(8) min | β⁺ | ¹⁰⁶In | β⁺ | Synthetic | — | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹⁰⁷Sn | 50 | 107 | No | 2.90(5) min | β⁺ | ¹⁰⁷In | β⁺ | Synthetic | — | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹⁰⁸Sn | 50 | 108 | No | 10.30(8) min | β⁺ | ¹⁰⁸In | β⁺ | Activation | — | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹⁰⁹Sn | 50 | 109 | No | 18.1(2) min | β⁺ | ¹⁰⁹In | β⁺ | Activation | — | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹¹⁰Sn | 50 | 110 | No | 4.154(4) h | EC | ¹¹⁰In | X‑rays/Auger | Activation | — | EC → In K‑lines. (Wikipedia) |
| ¹¹¹Sn | 50 | 111 | No | 35.3(6) min | β⁺ | ¹¹¹In | β⁺ | Activation | — | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹¹²Sn | 50 | 112 | Obs.-stable | — | — | — | — | Natural (≈ 0.0097) | Standards | No decay observed; double‑EC energetically allowed. (Wikipedia) |
| ¹¹³Sn | 50 | 113 | No | 115.08(4) d | EC → ¹¹³In | ¹¹³In | X‑rays/γ (via daughter ¹¹³ᵐIn) | Activation/cyclotron | Parent of ¹¹³ᵐIn generator | ¹¹³ᵐIn ≈ 99–104 min γ ~392 keV. (Wikipedia, ScienceDirect, Akademiai Kiado) |
| ¹¹⁴Sn | 50 | 114 | Stable | — | — | — | — | Natural (≈ 0.0066) | Standards | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹¹⁵Sn | 50 | 115 | Stable | — | — | — | — | Natural (≈ 0.0034) | Sn‑NMR nucleus (I = ½) | With ¹¹⁷/¹¹⁹Sn gives narrow Sn‑NMR. (Hebrew University Chemistry) |
| ¹¹⁶Sn | 50 | 116 | Stable | — | — | — | — | Natural (≈ 0.1454) | Standards | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹¹⁷Sn | 50 | 117 | Stable | — | — | — | — | Natural (≈ 0.0768) | Sn‑NMR | — (Hebrew University Chemistry) |
| ¹¹⁷ᵐSn | 50 | 117 | No (isomer) | 13.939(24) d | IT → ¹¹⁷Sn (dominant) | ¹¹⁷Sn | γ; conv. e⁻ | Activation | Bone‑seeking therapy (Sn‑117m‑DTPA/DOTMP) | Therapeutic conversion‑electron emitter; human trials. (PMC, PubMed, ScienceDirect) |
| ¹¹⁸Sn | 50 | 118 | Stable | — | — | — | — | Natural (≈ 0.2422) | Standards | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹¹⁹Sn | 50 | 119 | Stable | — | — | — | — | Natural (≈ 0.0859) | Primary Sn‑NMR nucleus (I = ½) | Widely used in organotin NMR. (Hebrew University Chemistry, IMERC) |
| ¹¹⁹ᵐSn | 50 | 119 | No (isomer) | 293.1(7) d | IT → ¹¹⁹Sn | ¹¹⁹Sn | γ 23.875 keV (Mössbauer); X‑rays | Activation | Mössbauer sources (CaSnO₃ matrix) | Standard 23.8 keV line; source fabrication notes. (Wikipedia, RITVERC, MySite) |
| ¹²⁰Sn | 50 | 120 | Stable | — | — | — | — | Natural (≈ 0.3258) | Standards | Most abundant Sn isotope. (Wikipedia) |
| ¹²¹Sn | 50 | 121 | No | 27.03(4) h | β⁻ → ¹²¹Sb | ¹²¹Sb | β⁻ | Activation/fission | — | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹²¹ᵐSn | 50 | 121 | No (isomer) | 43.9(5) y | IT 77.6% → ¹²¹Sn; β⁻ 22.4% → ¹²¹Sb | ¹²¹Sn/Sb | γ; β⁻ | Fission (minor yield) | Long‑term tracer; waste forensics | Low thermal‑fission yield; not dominant in waste. (Wikipedia) |
| ¹²²Sn | 50 | 122 | Obs.-stable | — | — | — | — | Natural (≈ 0.0463) | Standards | 2β⁻ to ¹²²Te energetically allowed (not observed). (Wikipedia) |
| ¹²³Sn | 50 | 123 | No | 129.2(4) d | β⁻ → ¹²³Sb | ¹²³Sb | β⁻ | Activation/fission | Tracer; activation monitor | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹²⁴Sn | 50 | 124 | Obs.-stable | — | — | — | — | Natural (≈ 0.0579) | Standards | Double‑β to ¹²⁴Te allowed; no firm observation. (Wikipedia) |
| ¹²⁵Sn | 50 | 125 | No | 9.634(15) d | β⁻ → ¹²⁵Sb | ¹²⁵Sb | β⁻ | Activation/fission | Radiotracer | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹²⁶Sn | 50 | 126 | No | 2.30(14)×10⁵ y | β⁻ → ¹²⁶Sb | ¹²⁶Sb | β⁻ | Fission product (LLFP) | Waste inventories; transmutation R&D | Classic long‑lived fission product. (Wikipedia, NRC Web, Inspire) |
| ¹²⁷Sn | 50 | 127 | No | 2.10(4) h | β⁻ → ¹²⁷Sb | ¹²⁷Sb | β⁻ | Fission | — | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹²⁸Sn | 50 | 128 | No | 59.07(14) min | β⁻ → ¹²⁸Sb | ¹²⁸Sb | β⁻ | Fission | — | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹²⁹Sn | 50 | 129 | No | 2.23(4) min | β⁻ → ¹²⁹Sb | ¹²⁹Sb | β⁻ | Fission | — | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹³⁰Sn | 50 | 130 | No | 3.72(7) min | β⁻ → ¹³⁰Sb | ¹³⁰Sb | β⁻ | Fission | r‑process chain studies | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹³¹Sn | 50 | 131 | No | 56.0(5) s | β⁻ → ¹³¹Sb | ¹³¹Sb | β⁻ | In‑flight fission | Shell‑closure systematics | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹³²Sn | 50 | 132 | No | 39.7(8) s | β⁻ → ¹³²Sb | ¹³²Sb | β⁻ | In‑flight fission | Doubly magic (N=82); structure benchmark | Precision spectroscopy around N=82. (Wikipedia, Physical Review Links, periodictable.com) |
| ¹³³Sn | 50 | 133 | No | 1.37(7) s | β⁻ 99.97%; β⁻,n 0.029% | ¹³³/¹³²Sb | β⁻; delayed n | In‑flight fission | — | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹³⁴Sn | 50 | 134 | No | 0.93(8) s | β⁻ 83%; β⁻,n 17% | ¹³⁴/¹³³Sb | β⁻; delayed n | In‑flight fission | — | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹³⁵Sn | 50 | 135 | No | 515(5) ms | β⁻ 79%; β⁻,n 21% | ¹³⁵/¹³⁴Sb | β⁻; delayed n | In‑flight fission | — | Trend “#” values near frontier. (Wikipedia) |
| ¹³⁶Sn | 50 | 136 | No | 355(18) ms | β⁻ 72%; β⁻,n 28% | ¹³⁶/¹³⁵Sb | β⁻; delayed n | In‑flight fission | — | “#” mass/branch flags. (Wikipedia) |
| ¹³⁷Sn | 50 | 137 | No | 249(15) ms | β⁻ 52%; β⁻,n 48% | ¹³⁷/¹³⁶Sb | β⁻; delayed n | In‑flight fission | — | Frontier values. (Wikipedia) |
| ¹³⁸Sn | 50 | 138 | No | 148(9) ms | β⁻ 64%; β⁻,n 36% | ¹³⁸/¹³⁷Sb | β⁻; delayed n | In‑flight fission | — | — (Wikipedia) |
| ¹³⁹Sn | 50 | 139 | No | 120(38) ms | β⁻; β⁻,n? | ¹³⁹/¹³⁸Sb | β⁻; delayed n? | In‑flight fission | — | “#” trend region. (Wikipedia) |
| ¹⁴⁰Sn | 50 | 140 | No | ≈ 50 ms (#; > 550 ns) | β⁻?; β⁻,n? | ¹⁴⁰/¹³⁹Sb | β⁻; delayed n? | In‑flight fission | — | Very neutron‑rich limit; trend‑based. (Wikipedia) |
Radiation key: **β⁺/**EC → positrons and/or characteristic X‑rays/Auger (EC); β⁻ (electron); p = (β⁺‑delayed) proton; β⁻, n = β‑decay with delayed neutron(s); IT = isomeric transition γ.
Natural Sn isotopes & amount fractions (CIAAW): ¹¹² 0.0097, ¹¹⁴ 0.0066, ¹¹⁵ 0.0034, ¹¹⁶ 0.1454, ¹¹⁷ 0.0768, ¹¹⁸ 0.2422, ¹¹⁹ 0.0859, ¹²⁰ 0.3258, ¹²² 0.0463, ¹²⁴ 0.0579. (CIAAW, CIAAW)
Applied & research highlights (Tin)
- ¹¹³Sn → ¹¹³ᵐIn (generator): ¹¹³Sn t½ ≈ 115.1 d decays by EC to ¹¹³ᵐIn (t½ ~ 99–104 min, ~392 keV γ) — a classic portable γ source for labs/industry. (ScienceDirect, Akademiai Kiado)
- ¹¹⁹ᵐSn (t½ ≈ 293 d): the 23.875 keV Mössbauer γ standard; routine commercial sources embed ¹¹⁹ᵐSn in CaSnO₃. (RITVERC, MySite)
- ¹¹⁷ᵐSn (t½ ≈ 13.94 d): conversion‑electron emitter under clinical study for bone pain palliation; strong bone uptake with chelates (DTPA/DOTMP). (PMC, PubMed)
- ¹²⁶Sn (t½ ≈ 2.3×10⁵ y): long‑lived fission product relevant to waste management and transmutation research. (Wikipedia, NRC Web, Inspire)
- Shell closures: ¹⁰⁰Sn (Z=N=50) and ¹³²Sn (Z=50, N=82) serve as structure anchors; high‑precision β‑decay and γ‑spectroscopy campaigns continue. (Physical Review Links)
- NMR: ¹¹⁹Sn (preferred) and ¹¹⁷Sn (both I = ½) are the workhorse NMR nuclei for organotin/inorganic tin chemistry; ¹¹⁵Sn is much less sensitive. (Hebrew University Chemistry, IMERC)
Totals — Tin (Z = 50)
- Stable: 10 (¹¹², ¹¹⁴, ¹¹⁵, ¹¹⁶, ¹¹⁷, ¹¹⁸, ¹¹⁹, ¹²⁰, ¹²², ¹²⁴Sn; several observationally stable).
- Unstable (radioisotopes, ground states): 32 (⁹⁹–¹¹³Sn [excl. stables], ¹²¹, ¹²³, ¹²⁵–¹⁴⁰Sn).
- Total isotopes (ground states): 42. (Wikipedia)
Running cumulative totals (H → Sn, Z = 1…50)
From the previous step (through In, Z = 49) we had ≥ 1350 total (135 stable, ≥ 1215 unstable). Adding tin (42 total; 10 stable; 32 unstable) gives:
- Cumulative total: ≥ 1392
- Cumulative stable: 145
- Cumulative unstable: ≥ 1247
Sources & cross‑checks
- Isotopes of tin — per‑nuclide half‑lives, branches, daughters; notable ¹⁰⁰Sn/¹³²Sn properties; ¹²⁶Sn half‑life. (Wikipedia)
- CIAAW — standard atomic weight and natural isotopic composition for Sn. (CIAAW, CIAAW)
- Doubly magic spectroscopy: precision work around ¹³²Sn (half‑life 39.7(8) s). (Physical Review Links, periodictable.com)
- Generator: ¹¹³Sn parent and ¹¹³ᵐIn daughter (half‑lives and γ). (ScienceDirect, Akademiai Kiado)
- Mössbauer: ¹¹⁹ᵐSn energies/half‑life and source implementations. (RITVERC, MySite)
- Therapy: Sn‑117m bone‑targeting trials and biodistribution. (PMC, PubMed)
- Waste: ¹²⁶Sn identified as LLFP and a target for transmutation studies. (Wikipedia, NRC Web, Inspire)
Next: Antimony — Sb (Z = 51).