(aka: Literal–Graphemic Module — Arabic Script)
0) Orientation
- Script type: Abjad (primarily consonants; vowels indicated with optional diacritics)
- Direction: Right-to-left
- Shaping: Cursive, context-dependent forms (isolated, initial, medial, final)
- Variants: Standard Arabic script covers Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, and many regional adaptations
- Special notes: Certain letters do not connect to the following letter
- Numeric layer: Arabic-Indic digits (٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩)
1) Base Letter Inventory (28 primary letters)
| # | Name (Latin chain) | Glyph | IPA | Connection behavior |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Alif | ا | /ʔ/ or long /aː/ | non-connecting after |
| 02 | Bāʾ | ب | /b/ | connects both sides |
| 03 | Tāʾ | ت | /t/ | connects both sides |
| 04 | Thāʾ | ث | /θ/ | connects both sides |
| 05 | Jīm | ج | /d͡ʒ/ | connects both sides |
| 06 | Ḥāʾ | ح | /ħ/ | connects both sides |
| 07 | Khāʾ | خ | /x/ | connects both sides |
| 08 | Dāl | د | /d/ | connects right only |
| 09 | Dhāl | ذ | /ð/ | connects right only |
| 10 | Rāʾ | ر | /r/ | connects right only |
| 11 | Zāy | ز | /z/ | connects right only |
| 12 | Sīn | س | /s/ | connects both sides |
| 13 | Shīn | ش | /ʃ/ | connects both sides |
| 14 | Ṣād | ص | /sˤ/ | connects both sides |
| 15 | Ḍād | ض | /dˤ/ | connects both sides |
| 16 | Ṭāʾ | ط | /tˤ/ | connects both sides |
| 17 | Ẓāʾ | ظ | /ðˤ/ | connects both sides |
| 18 | ʿAyn | ع | /ʕ/ | connects both sides |
| 19 | Ghayn | غ | /ɣ/ | connects both sides |
| 20 | Fāʾ | ف | /f/ | connects both sides |
| 21 | Qāf | ق | /q/ | connects both sides |
| 22 | Kāf | ك | /k/ | connects both sides |
| 23 | Lām | ل | /l/ | connects both sides |
| 24 | Mīm | م | /m/ | connects both sides |
| 25 | Nūn | ن | /n/ | connects both sides |
| 26 | Hāʾ | هـ | /h/ | connects both sides |
| 27 | Wāw | و | /w/ or long /uː/ | connects right only |
| 28 | Yāʾ | ي | /j/ or long /iː/ | connects both sides |
2) Vowel Diacritics (Ḥarakāt)
- Fatha (◌َ) → /a/ short
- Kasra (◌ِ) → /i/ short
- Ḍamma (◌ُ) → /u/ short
- Sukun (◌ْ) → no vowel (consonant closure)
- Shadda (◌ّ) → gemination (consonant doubling)
- Tanwin (Nunation): fatḥatān /an/, kasratān /in/, ḍammatān /un/
3) Special Signs
- Alif maddah (آ) → glottal stop + long /aː/
- Hamza (ء): glottal stop carrier, written on alif, waw, ya, or alone
- Alif maqṣūrah (ى): long /aː/ at word end (written like dotless ya)
- Ta marbuta (ة): feminine ending /-a/ or /-ah/
4) Connection Logic (Joining Types)
- Dual-joiners: connect both left and right
- Right-joiners: connect to previous letter only (ا, د, ذ, ر, ز, و)
- Non-joiners: N/A in Arabic; all letters connect to the right
5) Latin-chain Mapping Example
glyph: "ث"
name: "Thāʾ"
latin_chain: ["th"]
phoneme: "θ"
glyph: "ض"
name: "Ḍād"
latin_chain: ["ḍ"]
phoneme: "dˤ"
6) Lattice Integration Features
{direction: RTL}{type: abjad}{join_type: dual|right}{mater_lectionis: true|false}{gemination: true|false}via shadda{vowel_diacritic: fatha|kasra|damma|none}
7) Example Word Decomposition
- كتاب (“kitāb” /kiˈtaːb/) → ك /k/ + ت /t/ + ا (mater /aː/) + ب /b/
- مدرسة (“madrasa” /ˈmad.ra.sa/) → م /m/ + د /d/ + ر /r/ + س /s/ + ة (/a/)
✅ Mint Status: Arabic Graphemic Module now fully minted, with consonant inventory, diacritics, connection rules, and Latin-chain mapping for the lattice.