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Gigabit Ethernet Operates At Data Rates Of 1 GBit/sec

Ethernet encompasses a number of technologies which are used in LANs, or local area networks. Originally a 10 MBit/s standard, the speeds of the latest Gigabit Ethernet networks now exceed 1000 MBit/s.

The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IEEE) are responsible for maintaining the Ethernet standards. The relevant standard (IEEE 802.5) ensures that components from different manufacturers are fully interoperable. For most systems data transmission in the physical media is via either fiber-optic cables, or copper twisted wire pairs. Complete systems also require more complex devices such as hubs, routers and bridges.

IEEE 802.5 systems are one of the most common types of LAN, or local area network, in use today. When the specifications were first developed in 1980 the data transfer rate was only 10 MBits/s. Later enhancements defined Fast Ethernet, which operated at 100 MBit/s, and Gigabit Ethernet, which encompasses all speeds above 1 GBit/s, or 1000 MBit/s.

1 GBit/s and 10 GBit/s systems are already quite widely used in applications. Faster 40 GBit/s and 100 GBit/s technologies are being developed, and the standard specifying these completed the ratification process in June 2010.

In most modern systems the data transmission through the physical media is via either fiber optic cabling, or copper twisted wire pairs. Fiber optics benefit from greater range, higher data rates, and superior immunity to electrical interference. High-performance networks nowadays will often have copper twisted wire forming the connection to each user’s computer, while the main site backbone is implemented in fiber optics.

LAN systems also have other devices, such as hubs, routers and bridges. Although hubs have been largely obsoleted, they may be seen in older systems, and may be still available commercially to support those systems. Newer systems often include more complex devices than hubs, such as bridges and routers. Bridges connect segments together forming a network, while routers are used to connect networks together.