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How A T1 Line Router Functions

Many people are already familiar with a broadband router or even an IP network router, but a T1 line router is something they aren’t clear on. The information below should help with understanding what a T1 router is.

A T1 router connects to a T1 line and is simply a router. This type of router is usually set up with Internet access to a network of computers. There are some T1 routers that connect local networks together through private lines. Special interfacing is involved with the T1, because it isn’t characteristically an Ethernet or IP service. This line is able to carry network traffic and was originally formed to carry numerous digitized telephone lines.

This line router is able to provide connection for over a dozen telephone lines to a PBX system, at a cost advantage. T1 uses a synchronized time division based protocol as opposed to the packet switching standard currently used for almost all area networks.

There also isn’t a need for timing, line coding, and framing, due to the T1 router taking care of conversions that are necessary. Once the T1 line is inserted into a port of the T1 router, the network is then plugged into another. This connection meets requirements of both LAN and the T1 line, providing network traffic to other business locations or the internet.

As for normal routers working with T one lines, some do and some don’t. An IP based router will connect with CSUs and DSUs. These are two types of special interface boxes. CSU stands for “Channel Service Unit” and connects to the T1 line via the telco demarcation point.

This device is in charge of handling the electrical boundary between bipolar signals of T1 and digital signals from networking equipment. There is also a function included within this device that allows it to be checked remotely. The DSU or “Data Service Unit”, is similar to a modem. It converts the network signals going to and from the TDM format being used on the T1 line. The CSU and DSU are generally a single device called a CSU/DSU.

This CSU/DSU circuitry combination device is what makes the T1 router. It is either a plug-in module or built directly into the router itself, allowing the wide area network connection to be handled by one device instead of many.

A T1 line router can be purchased alone or a T1 carrier provider is able to issue one, as well as the line service. T1 providers usually supply the router at no additional charge. If they do charge, it is just a slight increase with the T1 lease charged on a monthly basis. By allowing the T1 provider to issue the needed device, this will save money on router hardware that would have had to be purchased. Also, the T1 carrier will be in charge of maintenance on it, should anything go wrong. Troubleshooting should also be much simpler, due to the lack of multiple pieces of equipment being used.